Download or read book Historical Dictionary of the Comoro Islands written by Martin Ottenheimer and published by Scarecrow Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Islands of stark contrasts and complex syncretisms, the comoros hold a major key to the history of the western Indian Ocean area. An invaluable resource for anyone interested in the history, economics, cultures, languages, geography, geology, or politics of the western Indian Ocean.

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Modern Coups d tat written by John J. Chin and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2022-12-13 with total page 1501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “For readers interested in international relations, politics, and global issues.” -Library Journal, Starred Review The Historical Dictionary of Modern Coups d’état surveys the history of coups d’état in the post-World War II period. The term “modern” in the title therefore demarcates the period since January 1946. This book documents over 582 coup attempts that have occurred in 108 different countries worldwide over a period of 75 years. Historical Dictionary of Modern Coups d'état contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has more than 1,400 cross-referenced dictionary entries. This book is an excellent resource for students, and researchers.

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Angola written by Martin W. James and published by Scarecrow Press. This book was released on 2004-05-27 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This New Edition, features a detailed chronology of the significant events that have taken place throughout the centuries; an extensive list of acronyms and abbreviations, in both English and Portuguese; maps; and an introductory essay that explains the richness of the land; its early history; and the current political, social, and economic conditions of its people. The more than 500 dictionary entries profile the significant persons, places, and events, as well as the political institutions and the economic and social achievements that are important to understanding Angola's history. For additional information, three appendices provide the name changes of places in Angola, the portfolios of the government, and an overview of Angola's oil production. The comprehensive bibliography concludes and complements this work with a selection of older works, and an emphasis on newer works written after 1990, as well as a useful selection of Internet sources, private sources, newspapers, and journals.

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Eritrea written by Dan Connell and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2019-07-15 with total page 729 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1991, Eritrea won a 30-year war for independence from Ethiopia, and in 1993, it was recognized as Africa’s newest nation after more than a century of conquest and occupation by a succession of external powers that included the Ottomans, Egypt, Italy, Great Britain and Ethiopia. Each had left its mark, while fostering a deep distrust of outsiders and a fierce commitment to Eritrea’s separate political identity. Eritrea and Ethiopia slipped into a chronic state of no-peace-no-war that kept the entire Horn of Africa off-balance for nearly two decades, the standoff ended in 2018 when a newly installed Ethiopian prime minister reached out to Eritrea and set in motion a rapid-fire series of talks among the states of the African Horn that broke down long-standing barriers and raised hopes for a new era of regional peace and cooperation. This third edition of Historical Dictionary of Eritrea contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 600 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Eritrea.

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Kenya written by Robert M. Maxon and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2014-09-09 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kenya has a long and complex history that began thousands of years ago. Indeed, some archaeologists contend that the country was the "cradle of mankind" or, at the very least, one of the places that was home to the earliest hominids. In later centuries, Kenya's strategic location astride the Indian Ocean and the East African littoral attracted numerous foreign peoples, some of the most significant of which have been the Americans, Arabs, British, Chinese, French, Germans, and Portuguese. Additionally, Africans from throughout the subcontinent have settled in Kenya to escape conflict or political persecution, while others wanted an opportunity to begin a new life. As a result of being a gateway to the world, the country traditionally has been one of the most important business, cultural, diplomatic, and political centers in Africa. Although it has maintained this reputation during the post-independence period, Kenya, like most African countries, has been plagued by an increasing array of complex economic, political, and social problems. This third edition of Historical Dictionary of Kenya provides a starting point for those interested in any of the phases of Kenya's historical evolution. This is done through a chronology, an introductory essay, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has 500 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Kenya.

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Nigeria written by Toyin Falola and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2018-06-21 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Historical Dictionary of Nigeria: Second Edition introduces Nigeria’s rich and complex history. Readers will find a wealth of information on pre-20th century history, Nigeria under British colonial rule, and important post-independence issues while providing greater attention to Nigeria’s role in international relations, diaspora, and contributions to arts, film and culture in particular. This revised edition covers major developments since the last edition such as the rise of the terrorist group Boko Haram and the election of Muhammadu Buhari to the presidency in 2015 among others. This second edition of Historical Dictionary of Nigeria: Second Edition contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 1,000 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Nigeria.

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Egypt written by Arthur Goldschmidt Jr. and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2023-07-25 with total page 589 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historical Dictionary of Egypt, Fifth Edition contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has more than 600 cross-referenced entries on important personalities as well as aspects of the country’s politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture.

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Libya written by Ronald Bruce St John and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2023-03-15 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of all the countries in North Africa and the Middle East, less has been known about Libya for decades. Only recently have we begun to appreciate the complexity of Libya’s turbulent past, including the revolution in 2011 in which demands for better living conditions and more job opportunities led to widespread protests. When the Muammar al-Qaddafi regime responded with force to these peaceful protests, killing scores of unarmed civilians, the protesters called for regime change. In what came to be known as the February 17 Revolution, the 42-year-old Qaddafi regime was overthrown, and Qaddafi was killed in October 2011. Over the next decade, Libya endured a series of interim, transitional governments in a prolonged struggle to draft a new constitution and to elect a democratic national government. Historical Dictionary of Libya, Sixth Edition contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has more than 500 cross-referenced entries on important personalities as well as aspects of the country’s politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Libya.

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Tunisia written by Kenneth J. Perkins and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2016-10-12 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The demographically modest, but strategically significant, country of Tunisia has experienced profound and revolutionary change in the almost two decades since the publication of the previous edition of this volume (1997). Most dramatically, a populist uprising in 2011 ousted the entrenched dictatorship whose two heads had successively presided over the country since independence from France in 1956. As Tunisians celebrated this achievement, they inspired similar movements elsewhere in the Middle East and North Africa, giving rise to an “Arab Spring” that held out hope for the introduction of transformational innovations in democratic concepts and institutions across the region. Sadly, however, powerful forces of the status quo thwarted these efforts in country after country. But in Tunisia itself, a more hopeful scenario unfolded. In the fall of 2011, elections to a constituent assembly that international observers characterized as free and fair, gave the major Islamic party a plurality of the votes and set Tunisia on a course of participatory democracy. This third edition of Historical Dictionary of Tunisia contains a chronology, an introduction, an appendix, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 300 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Tunisia.

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Niger written by Rahmane Idrissa and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2020-02-26 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Niger is a crossroad, the gate to the outside for West Africans, and the port of entry into West Africa for cross-Saharan tidings and travelers. It remained for centuries the largely uncontrolled periphery of the large empires of the western Sudan and the market cities of the central Sudan. In these two ways, the land forged a very distinctive identity, a fluid blend of diverse communities which make up a nation of marginal cosmopolitans – a paradox illuminated in this book. This fifth edition of Historical Dictionary of Niger contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 700 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Niger.

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Namibia written by Victor L. Tonchi and published by Scarecrow Press. This book was released on 2012-08-31 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On March 21, 1990, Sam Nujoma was sworn in as the first president of independent Namibia. This ceremony marked the end of a struggle that lasted more than two decades and a period of colonialism that lasted more than a century. Finally, after decades long wars over grazing in the 19th century, genocidal colonial suppression by Germany at the beginning of the 20th century, repressive apartheid racialism throughout the 20th century, and a prolonged armed liberation struggle, Namibians had the chance to choose their own leaders, develop a democratic political process in a free society, and to bring economic development and greater equity to their country. The Historical Dictionary of Namibia covers the history of Namibia through a chronology, an introductory essay, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has several hundred cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Namibia.

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Ghana written by Edmund Abaka and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2024-02-27 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ghana, the former British West African colony of the Gold Coast, is known for its rich agricultural, mineral, and petroleum resources. Ghana has made tremendous strides in all areas of life and has become the gateway to West Africa, if not all of Africa. Observers now cite the country’s achievement of economic recovery, political stability, and democratized governance as an example worthy of emulation by other African countries. Historical Dictionary of Ghana, Fifth Edition contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has more than 900 cross-referenced entries on important personalities as well as aspects of the country’s politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Ghana.

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Angola written by W. Martin James and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2018-03-01 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Angola, slowly recovering from a twenty-seven year civil war, is becoming a regional super-power in southern Africa. This rise can be attributed to oil, diamonds, a battle-tested armed forces and a political system that is dominated by one party – the Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola (the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola – MPLA). Problems remain to be solved. The vast wealth is in the control of the elite while the vast majority of the people live on less than two dollars per day. Corruption is rife, the health and education system in shambles, landmines remain a festering problem and the opposition is intimidated and split into various factions. President Eduardo dos Santos, who has ruled Angola for almost thirty-eight years, has opted not to run for re-election in the August 2017 elections. Instead his hand-picked successor João Lourenço was elected president. Interestingly, dos Santos has not surrendered his presidency of the party. This third edition of Historical Dictionary of Angola contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 700 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Angola.

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Guinea written by Mohamed Saliou Camara and published by Scarecrow Press. This book was released on 2013-11-07 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most significant thing about Guinea is its potential. It is strategically located in West Africa, with a well-educated and hardworking population, and endowed with considerable natural resources, indeed, enough to make it reasonably affluent if properly utilized. But this potential has never really been tapped, due mainly to bad politics with military men following a charismatic politician, until finally democracy has been achieved. So, more than half-a-century after achieving independence, the question remains unanswered: which way will Guinea turn? This fifth edition of Historical Dictionary of Guinea covers the full scope of Guinea’s history. This is done through a chronology, an introductory essay, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 800 cross-referenced entries on key events, leaders, governmental, international, religious, and other private organizations, policies, political movements and parties, economic elements and many other areas that have shaped the country’s trajectory. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Guinea.

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Mozambique written by Colin Darch and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2018-12-15 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new edition of Historical Dictionary of Mozambique covers the Bantu expansion; the arrival of the Portuguese navigators and their str competition with local African power centers and coastal Arab-Swahili trading towns; the trade cycles of gold, ivory, and slaves; the establishment of the semi-Africanized prazos along the Zambezi Valley; “pacification” campaigns; and the period of Portuguese weakness in the late 19th and early 20th centuries when vast tracts of land were rented to concessionary companies. In the late colonial period the Salazar dictatorship tried to reassert Portuguese power, but after ten years of armed struggle for national liberation, Mozambique gained its independence in 1975. The book contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 600 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Mozambique.

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Rwanda written by Aimable Twagilimana and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Blessed with natural beauty and rich vegetation, Rwanda is often called the “land of a thousand hills” (le pays des mille collines), a reference to its many lush and green rolling hills. Moreover, for many Rwandans, at least in the past, Rwanda, in spite of its small size, is vast; in fact, it means the universe. This idyllic view, however, sharply contrasts with the sad history of ethnic strife that unfolded since the 1950s: the 1959 Hutu Revolution followed by years of anti-Tutsi pogroms, undemocratic regimes, the civil war of 1990-1994, and, more significantly, the April-July 1994 genocide against the Tutsi and the killing of Hutu who opposed the killings. The 1994 genocide against the Tutsi remains the most defining single event in contemporary Rwanda, and many people in the world today know of this central African nation from the prism of extreme mass violence that sullied the end of the 20th century amid international indifference and has since haunted the world’s conscience. This second edition of Historical Dictionary of Rwanda contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 300 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Rwanda.

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Botswana written by Barry Morton and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2018-06-13 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The death of Botswana’s last founding father, Sir Ketumile Quett Masire, in June 2017, marked the end of an era. Since the release of the Fourth Edition of Historical Dictionary of Botswana in 2008, Botswana has gone through its most turbulent and divided decade to date. Throughout September 2016, when Botswana celebrated its 50th anniversary of independence, all the successes of the Seretse and Masire era were sources of massive national pride. Botswana had expanded provisions of electricity, water, education, and health services to almost all of its people and become a model nation that owned its natural resources and plowed the profits back into the nation’s development. Despite these successes, Botswana has a high unemployment rate (about 20 percent) and a much larger cohort of the underemployed. This fifth edition of Historical Dictionary of Botswana contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, an extensive bibliography, and more than 700 cross-referenced entries on important personalities and aspects of the country’s politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Botswana.