Download or read book Histoire humaine et compar e du climat Le r chauffement de 1860 nos jours written by Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Histoire humaine et compar e du climat TOME 3 1860 2008 written by Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie and published by Fayard. This book was released on 2009-01-28 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Le climat de l’Europe a connu dans le passé de longs épisodes de tiédeur, puis a régné, de 1300 à 1860, le petit âge glaciaire, un peu plus frais que le climat de nos jours. Depuis lors, un nouvel épisode tiède s’est imposé progressivement, qu’a enregistré le recul séculaire des glaciers alpins, et qui prend nettement, depuis 1911, le caractère d’un réchauffement. Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie, dans ce dernier volume de l’Histoire humaine et comparée du climat, étudie cette phase de réchauffement, dont l’actualité médiatique s’est emparée sans toujours la situer suffisamment dans son contexte de longue durée. Il utilise, à des fins descriptives, les observations thermométriques et pluviométriques, mais aussi toutes les informations relatives aux moissons et aux vendanges, à l’élevage et au tourisme, qui donnent la mesure et le rythme du changement climatique en cours. Au terme de cette big historymulticontinentale, les perspectives ne sont pas rassurantes : le très vif réchauffement constaté depuis 1980 pourrait bientôt poser des problèmes extrêmement difficiles à l’humanité... Mais ceci est une autre histoire. Professeur honoraire au Collège de France, ancien administrateur général de la Bibliothèque nationale, membre de l’Académie des sciences morales et politiques, Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie est reconnu dans le monde entier comme l’un des maîtres des études historiques.Le réchauffement de 1860 à nos jours forme le troisième volume de sa monumentale Histoire humaine et comparée du climat (après« Canicules et glaciers, xiiie-xviiie siècle » puis « Disettes et révolutions, 1740-1860 », parus respectivement en 2004 et 2006). Guillaume Séchet, météorologiste, a apporté une importante contribution graphique au présent ouvrage.
Download or read book Histoire humaine et compar e du climat Tome 2 written by Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie and published by Fayard. This book was released on 2006-09-20 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A mesure que progressent les techniques agricoles et que se perfectionnent les transports, les effets du petit âge glaciaire (que connaissait l'Europe depuis 1300) se font moins impitoyables que durant les premiers siècles de l'époque moderne. Certes, la famine ne disparaît pas tout à coup - l'Irlande la connaît encore dans les années 1840 -, mais on n'observe plus au même degré les hécatombes climatiques - et par conséquent épidémiques - de naguère. Disettes classiques et disettes larvées n'en continuent pas moins d'agir sur la vie des sociétés : hivers froids ou humides, printemps pourris, étés caniculaires ("échaudage" des blés) ou au contraire étés pourris, et jusqu'aux éruptions volcaniques à l'autre bout de la planète ( le Tambora en Indonésie, 1815), compromettent aisément de fragiles équilibres. Un peu moins de grains, et la cherté provoque des troubles. Faux ou vrai, les puissants sont accusés de profiter des circonstances, d'accaparer les subsistances, d'organiser la pénurie : d'où les réactions populaires. Sans qu'il faille voir là un mécanisme imperturbable, il est patent que la mauvaise année-récolte 1788 a sa part dans le déclenchement des événements de 1789, que l'embellie frumentaire du Directoire et de l'Empire (jusqu'en 1810) correspond à une période de relative clémence des cieux; que les Trois Glorieuses sont comme cernées par les difficiles années 1827-1832; que les soubresauts climatiques et disetteux de 1845-1846 sont à mettre en relation avec les révolutions de février-mars 1848 à Paris, puis à Berlin et à Vienne. A partir de 1860 et plus encore de 1900, le climat européen se réchauffe, comme le montrent le recul des glaciers alpins et, nettement plus précises, les mesures instrumentales enregistrées un peu partout. En outre, les navires à vapeur et le chemin de fer permettent d'importer le grain d'Amérique et de Russie. L'Humanité d'Occident se libère de sa dépendance millénaire face à l'aléa climatique. S'ouvre alors une autre "météo-histoire", dont nous ne connaissons pas le terme; pleine d'incertitudes, elle aussi ( ce sera l'objet d'un troisième volume).
Download or read book Histoire humaine et compar e du climat Canicules et glaciers XIIIe XVIIIe si cle written by Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 739 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Si nous avions été tentés de l'oublier, l'été 2003 serait venu nous le rappeler avec violence : le climat joue sur la vie humaine un rôle aussi - voire plus - fort que les bouleversements géologiques, les guerres et les épidémies (encore n'est-il pas rare d'observer entre certains de ces phénomènes et le temps qu'il fait une constante interaction). Dans des sociétés de subsistance comme celles de nos pays jusqu'à la fin du XVIIIe siècle, les réchauffements et/ou les refroidissements, les excès ou déficits pluviométriques ont des effets directs sur les récoltes (en particulier le froment), les vendanges, l'état du bétail, la présence (ou non) de la dysenterie. De surcroît, les tendances lourdes - du XIIe au XVIIIe siècle s'observe ainsi un " petit âge glaciaire ", donc de refroidissement - connaissent eux-mêmes des cycles et des variantes de plus faible amplitude. La taille changeante de certains glaciers au cours des âges comme les informations données par les anneaux des arbres ou les témoignages humains nous montrent bien que le climat ne fonctionne pas comme une horloge : telle année à hiver rigoureux connaît un été caniculaire, telle autre subit une pluviosité catastrophique des mois durant et en toutes saisons ; plusieurs mois de gel ne donnent pas forcément des moissons calamiteuses, il arrive qu'un été sec et brûlant - on en a repéré plusieurs dizaines depuis le XIIIe siècle - fasse moins de dégâts qu'une humidité prolongée. Reliés à l'histoire générale avec ses soubresauts divers (géopolitiques, politiques, guerriers) et ses évolutions techniques, les événements climatiques apparaissent comme le " donné de base " par excellence de l'Histoire, comme la trame même de l'étoffe sur laquelle l'humanité inscrit sa destinée, certes autonome. Abondant en détails représentatifs d'une situation ou bien curieux par eux-mêmes, s'inscrivant en contrepoint d'une longue durée qui s'étend à l'échelle européenne et sur plus de cinq siècles, l'immense travail d'Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie (qui sera suivi sous peu d'un second volume : XVIIIe-XXe siècle) redistribue les cartes : avec un souffle braudélien, il remet à leur juste place l'écume des jours et les grandes houles. Il nous invite à lire l'histoire autrement. L'exercice est roboratif...
Download or read book Histoire humaine et compar e du climat Disettes et r volutions 1740 1860 written by Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nomad s Land written by Andrea E. Duffy and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2019-12-01 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the nineteenth century, the development and codification of forest science in France were closely linked to Provence’s time-honored tradition of mobile pastoralism, which formed a major part of the economy. At the beginning of the century, pastoralism also featured prominently in the economies and social traditions of North Africa and southwestern Anatolia until French forest agents implemented ideas and practices for forest management in these areas aimed largely at regulating and marginalizing Mediterranean mobile pastoral traditions. These practices changed not only landscapes but also the social order of these three Mediterranean societies and the nature of French colonial administration. In Nomad’s Land Andrea E. Duffy investigates the relationship between Mediterranean mobile pastoralism and nineteenth-century French forestry through case studies in Provence, French colonial Algeria, and Ottoman Anatolia. By restricting the use of shared spaces, foresters helped bring the populations of Provence and Algeria under the control of the state, and French scientific forestry became a medium for state initiatives to sedentarize mobile pastoral groups in Anatolia. Locals responded through petitions, arson, violence, compromise, and adaptation. Duffy shows that French efforts to promote scientific forestry both internally and abroad were intimately tied to empire building and paralleled the solidification of Western narratives condemning the pastoral tradition, leading to sometimes tragic outcomes for both the environment and pastoralists.
Download or read book Climate and Environmental Change in the Mediterranean Basin Current Situation and Risks for the Future First Mediterranean Assessment Report written by Mediterranean Experts on Climate and environmental Change (MedECC) and published by MedECC. This book was released on 2020-11-17 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The First Mediterranean Assessment Report (MAR1) prepared by the independent network of Mediterranean Experts on Climate and environmental Change (MedECC) founded in 2015 was published in November 2020. MAR1 assesses the best available scientific knowledge on climate and environmental change and associated risks in the Mediterranean Basin in order to render it accessible to policymakers, stakeholders and citizens. The report has been written by 190 scientists from 25 countries, all contributing in individual capacity and without financial compensation. The report includes a Summary for Policymakers (SPM), which comprises the key messages of the MAR1. The UNEP/MAP – Barcelona Convention Secretariat, through its Plan Bleu Regional Activity Center, and the Secretariat of the Union for the Mediterranean work in partnership to support MedECC, and to contribute to establish a sound and transparent scientific assessment process.
Download or read book Climate and Society in Europe written by Christian Pfister and published by Haupt Verlag. This book was released on 2021-09-06 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A richly illustrated book on the history of climate change in Europe. Two perspectives, one unique book: two leading experts, a historian and a climatologist, co-author a new standard work on climate history. An overview of the connection between climatic and social developments over the last 1000 years. For the first time, a historian and a climatologist with knowledge of climate history have worked closely together to create a unique book, combining climate reconstructions based on documented data in their human-historical context with temporally highly resolved analyses of climate and glaciers. "Here we can clearly see how changes in climate affected the environment and people of Europe over many centuries, with important lessons for the future. A wonderfully engaging and well-documented account by two of Europe's leading climate scientists." Prof. Dr. Raymond Bradley, Director, Climate System Research Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst (USA) "This unique book provides new fascinating insights into the interaction of past climate and society in Europe. It can be highly recommended to climatologists, historians and geoscientists, but also to students and the broad public." Prof. Dr. Rudolf Brázdil, Department of Geography, Masaryk University, Brno (Czech Republic) "The authors offer a truly interdisciplinary combination of history and science in order to explore the complex relationships of climate and society over the past millennium. They demonstrate convincingly that climate change is nothing new while at the same time revealing the character of the unprecedented climatic epoch mankind now faces." Prof. Dr. Jan de Vries, Professor Emeritus of History and Economics, University of California, Berkeley (USA) Christian Pfister is Professor Emeritus of Economic, Social and Environmental History at the University of Bern, Switzerland. He was founding president of the European Society for Environmental History (ESEH). Heinz Wanner is Professor Emeritus of Geography and Climatology. He was co-chair of the international Past Global Changes (PAGES) project and a member of the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Both scientists work at the renowned Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research at the University of Bern.
Download or read book Humanity at Risk written by Daniel Innerarity and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2013-10-24 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humanity at Risk compares diverse approaches to the theme of global threats using the tools of philosophy, critical theory, and political thought alongside more practical, socio-political observations. By defining the idea of "global risk" more specifically, Editors Innerarity and Solana, and their contributors, believe we can understand how these risks should be evaluated, predicted, and managed within the framework of democratic societies.The goal of this book is to highlight more precisely the necessity, in the face of new global risks, for new governance at a national, European, and global level.
Download or read book El Ni o written by Bruno Voituriez and published by UNESCO. This book was released on 2000 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: El Nino, caprice of the heavens, scapegoat for every calamity? The general public cannot really understand what is behind the El Nino phenomenon. The book offers a tour of the Earth's climate to understand one of its normal but extreme components.
Download or read book A History of the Chinese Secret Service written by Richard Deacon and published by London : Muller. This book was released on 1974 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phytoma written by and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Grasslands in Europe written by Peter Veen and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A tribute to an essential part of our natural and cultural environment. 24 European cases studies written by international grassland experts. Thematic chapters provide essential background information on grassland fauna, the history of agriculture, grassland communities, the relationship between grasslands and climate and opportunities to conserve these grasslands of high nature value.
Download or read book MEGA CRISES written by Ira Helsloot and published by Charles C Thomas Publisher. This book was released on 2012-08-01 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We live in turbulent times with continents and nations facing ever-heightening risks such as natural disasters, intense and protracted conflicts, terrorism, corporate crises, cyber threats to infrastructures and mega-events. We are witnessing the rise of mega-crises and a new class of adversity with many unknowns. The prospect of mega-crises presents professionals and students in the field of crisis management with four major tasks. First, they should engage in “deep thinking” about the causes of the increasing occurrence of mega-crises. Second, they should identify and work through the dominant trends which complicate contemporary crisis management. Third, they should upgrade institutional crisis management capacity. Fourth, they should improve societal resilience since no institutional complex can mitigate or manage these mega-crisis on its own. This book is divided into four primary parts, each of which looks at one facet of mega-crises. Part I focuses on the concept of a mega-crisis and mega-crisis management; Part II examines crisis management of mega-natural disasters; Part III evaluates crisis management of man-made mega-crises; and Part IV identifies mega-threats and vulnerabilities. Additional major topics include Hurricane Katrina; Hurricane Gustav; the London Bombings; the Mumbai Terrorist Attacks of July 7, 2005; corporate meltdowns; the subprime crisis; the Olympic Games; electricity grids; global climate change; the Dutch Delta; risks to food security; and mega-crises and the Internet. This comprehensive text will provide practitioners and academics with the results of an across-the-board research effort in the prospects, nature, characteristics, and the effects of mega-crises.
Download or read book The GEO Handbook on Biodiversity Observation Networks written by Michele Walters and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-25 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiversity observation systems are almost everywhere inadequate to meet local, national and international (treaty) obligations. As a result of alarmingly rapid declines in biodiversity in the modern era, there is a strong, worldwide desire to upgrade our monitoring systems, but little clarity on what is actually needed and how it can be assembled from the elements which are already present. This book intends to provide practical guidance to broadly-defined biodiversity observation networks at all scales, but predominantly the national scale and higher. This is a practical how-to book with substantial policy relevance. It will mostly be used by technical specialists with a responsibility for biodiversity monitoring to establish and refine their systems. It is written at a technical level, but one that is not discipline-bound: it should be intelligible to anyone in the broad field with a tertiary education.
Download or read book Civilization and Climate written by Ellsworth Huntington and published by . This book was released on 1915 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book tudes Sur Les Glaciers written by Louis Agassiz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-07-05 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The revolutionary glacial theory, proposed in this work of 1840, contributed to the demise of the myth of the great biblical flood.
