Download or read book Hilbert s Fifth Problem and Related Topics written by Terence Tao and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2014-07-18 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the fifth of his famous list of 23 problems, Hilbert asked if every topological group which was locally Euclidean was in fact a Lie group. Through the work of Gleason, Montgomery-Zippin, Yamabe, and others, this question was solved affirmatively; more generally, a satisfactory description of the (mesoscopic) structure of locally compact groups was established. Subsequently, this structure theory was used to prove Gromov's theorem on groups of polynomial growth, and more recently in the work of Hrushovski, Breuillard, Green, and the author on the structure of approximate groups. In this graduate text, all of this material is presented in a unified manner, starting with the analytic structural theory of real Lie groups and Lie algebras (emphasising the role of one-parameter groups and the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula), then presenting a proof of the Gleason-Yamabe structure theorem for locally compact groups (emphasising the role of Gleason metrics), from which the solution to Hilbert's fifth problem follows as a corollary. After reviewing some model-theoretic preliminaries (most notably the theory of ultraproducts), the combinatorial applications of the Gleason-Yamabe theorem to approximate groups and groups of polynomial growth are then given. A large number of relevant exercises and other supplementary material are also provided.

Download or read book A Hilbert Space Problem Book written by P.R. Halmos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the Preface: "This book was written for the active reader. The first part consists of problems, frequently preceded by definitions and motivation, and sometimes followed by corollaries and historical remarks... The second part, a very short one, consists of hints... The third part, the longest, consists of solutions: proofs, answers, or contructions, depending on the nature of the problem.... This is not an introduction to Hilbert space theory. Some knowledge of that subject is a prerequisite: at the very least, a study of the elements of Hilbert space theory should proceed concurrently with the reading of this book."

Download or read book Differential Galois Theory through Riemann Hilbert Correspondence written by Jacques Sauloy and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2016-12-07 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Differential Galois theory is an important, fast developing area which appears more and more in graduate courses since it mixes fundamental objects from many different areas of mathematics in a stimulating context. For a long time, the dominant approach, usually called Picard-Vessiot Theory, was purely algebraic. This approach has been extensively developed and is well covered in the literature. An alternative approach consists in tagging algebraic objects with transcendental information which enriches the understanding and brings not only new points of view but also new solutions. It is very powerful and can be applied in situations where the Picard-Vessiot approach is not easily extended. This book offers a hands-on transcendental approach to differential Galois theory, based on the Riemann-Hilbert correspondence. Along the way, it provides a smooth, down-to-earth introduction to algebraic geometry, category theory and tannakian duality. Since the book studies only complex analytic linear differential equations, the main prerequisites are complex function theory, linear algebra, and an elementary knowledge of groups and of polynomials in many variables. A large variety of examples, exercises, and theoretical constructions, often via explicit computations, offers first-year graduate students an accessible entry into this exciting area.

Download or read book Commutation Properties of Hilbert Space Operators and Related Topics written by Calvin R. Putnam and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What could be regarded as the beginning of a theory of commutators AB - BA of operators A and B on a Hilbert space, considered as a dis cipline in itself, goes back at least to the two papers of Weyl [3] {1928} and von Neumann [2] {1931} on quantum mechanics and the commuta tion relations occurring there. Here A and B were unbounded self-adjoint operators satisfying the relation AB - BA = iI, in some appropriate sense, and the problem was that of establishing the essential uniqueness of the pair A and B. The study of commutators of bounded operators on a Hilbert space has a more recent origin, which can probably be pinpointed as the paper of Wintner [6] {1947}. An investigation of a few related topics in the subject is the main concern of this brief monograph. The ensuing work considers commuting or "almost" commuting quantities A and B, usually bounded or unbounded operators on a Hilbert space, but occasionally regarded as elements of some normed space. An attempt is made to stress the role of the commutator AB - BA, and to investigate its properties, as well as those of its components A and B when the latter are subject to various restrictions. Some applica tions of the results obtained are made to quantum mechanics, perturba tion theory, Laurent and Toeplitz operators, singular integral trans formations, and Jacobi matrices.

Download or read book Iterative Methods for Fixed Point Problems in Hilbert Spaces written by Andrzej Cegielski and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-09-14 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Iterative methods for finding fixed points of non-expansive operators in Hilbert spaces have been described in many publications. In this monograph we try to present the methods in a consolidated way. We introduce several classes of operators, examine their properties, define iterative methods generated by operators from these classes and present general convergence theorems. On this basis we discuss the conditions under which particular methods converge. A large part of the results presented in this monograph can be found in various forms in the literature (although several results presented here are new). We have tried, however, to show that the convergence of a large class of iteration methods follows from general properties of some classes of operators and from some general convergence theorems.

Download or read book Lie Algebras and Locally Compact Groups written by Irving Kaplansky and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1971 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents lecture notes based on the author's courses on Lie algebras and the solution of Hilbert's fifth problem. In chapter 1, "Lie Algebras," the structure theory of semi-simple Lie algebras in characteristic zero is presented, following the ideas of Killing and Cartan. Chapter 2, "The Structure of Locally Compact Groups," deals with the solution of Hilbert's fifth problem given by Gleason, Montgomery, and Zipplin in 1952.

Download or read book Mathematical Developments Arising from Hilbert Problems written by Felix E. Browder and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Parametric Lie Group Actions on Global Generalised Solutions of Nonlinear PDEs written by Elemer E. Rosinger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents global actions of arbitrary Lie groups on large classes of generalised functions by using a novel parametric approach. This new method extends and completes earlier results of the author and collaborators, in which global Lie group actions on generalised functions were only defined in the case of projectable or fibre-preserving Lie group actions. The parametric method opens the possibility of dealing with vastly larger classes of Lie semigroup actions which still transform solutions into solutions. These Lie semigroups can contain arbitrary noninvertible smooth mappings. Thus, they cannot be subsemigroups of Lie groups. Audience: This volume is addressed to graduate students and researchers involved in solving linear and nonlinear partial differential equations, and in particular, in dealing with the Lie group symmetries of their classical or generalised solutions.

Download or read book Global Bifurcation Theory and Hilbert s Sixteenth Problem written by V. Gaiko and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-27 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On the 8th of August 1900 outstanding German mathematician David Hilbert delivered a talk "Mathematical problems" at the Second Interna tional Congress of Mathematicians in Paris. The talk covered practically all directions of mathematical thought of that time and contained a list of 23 problems which determined the further development of mathema tics in many respects (1, 119]. Hilbert's Sixteenth Problem (the second part) was stated as follows: Problem. To find the maximum number and to determine the relative position of limit cycles of the equation dy Qn(X, y) -= dx Pn(x, y)' where Pn and Qn are polynomials of real variables x, y with real coeffi cients and not greater than n degree. The study of limit cycles is an interesting and very difficult problem of the qualitative theory of differential equations. This theory was origi nated at the end of the nineteenth century in the works of two geniuses of the world science: of the Russian mathematician A. M. Lyapunov and of the French mathematician Henri Poincare. A. M. Lyapunov set forth and solved completely in the very wide class of cases a special problem of the qualitative theory: the problem of motion stability (154]. In turn, H. Poincare stated a general problem of the qualitative analysis which was formulated as follows: not integrating the differential equation and using only the properties of its right-hand sides, to give as more as possi ble complete information on the qualitative behaviour of integral curves defined by this equation (176].

Download or read book Riemann Hilbert Problems Their Numerical Solution and the Computation of Nonlinear Special Functions written by Thomas Trogdon and published by SIAM. This book was released on 2015-12-22 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Riemann?Hilbert problems are fundamental objects of study within complex analysis. Many problems in differential equations and integrable systems, probability and random matrix theory, and asymptotic analysis can be solved by reformulation as a Riemann?Hilbert problem.This book, the most comprehensive one to date on the applied and computational theory of Riemann?Hilbert problems, includes an introduction to computational complex analysis, an introduction to the applied theory of Riemann?Hilbert problems from an analytical and numerical perspective, and a discussion of applications to integrable systems, differential equations, and special function theory. It also includes six fundamental examples and five more sophisticated examples of the analytical and numerical Riemann?Hilbert method, each of mathematical or physical significance or both.

Download or read book The Riemann Hilbert Problem written by D. V. Anosov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Riemann-Hilbert problem (Hilbert's 21st problem) belongs to the theory of linear systems of ordinary differential equations in the complex domain. The problem concerns the existence of a Fuchsian system with prescribed singularities and monodromy. Hilbert was convinced that such a system always exists. However, this turned out to be a rare case of a wrong forecast made by him. In 1989 the second author (A. B.) discovered a counterexample, thus obtaining a negative solution to Hilbert's 21st problem in its original form.

Download or read book A Course on Large Deviations with an Introduction to Gibbs Measures written by Firas Rassoul-Agha and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2015-03-12 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an introductory course on the methods of computing asymptotics of probabilities of rare events: the theory of large deviations. The book combines large deviation theory with basic statistical mechanics, namely Gibbs measures with their variational characterization and the phase transition of the Ising model, in a text intended for a one semester or quarter course. The book begins with a straightforward approach to the key ideas and results of large deviation theory in the context of independent identically distributed random variables. This includes Cramér's theorem, relative entropy, Sanov's theorem, process level large deviations, convex duality, and change of measure arguments. Dependence is introduced through the interactions potentials of equilibrium statistical mechanics. The phase transition of the Ising model is proved in two different ways: first in the classical way with the Peierls argument, Dobrushin's uniqueness condition, and correlation inequalities and then a second time through the percolation approach. Beyond the large deviations of independent variables and Gibbs measures, later parts of the book treat large deviations of Markov chains, the Gärtner-Ellis theorem, and a large deviation theorem of Baxter and Jain that is then applied to a nonstationary process and a random walk in a dynamical random environment. The book has been used with students from mathematics, statistics, engineering, and the sciences and has been written for a broad audience with advanced technical training. Appendixes review basic material from analysis and probability theory and also prove some of the technical results used in the text.

Download or read book An Introduction to Hilbert Space and Quantum Logic written by David W. Cohen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, nonclassical physics developed in three stages. First came a collection of ad hoc assumptions and then a cookbook of equations known as "quantum mechanics". The equations and their philosophical underpinnings were then collected into a model based on the mathematics of Hilbert space. From the Hilbert space model came the abstaction of "quantum logics". This book explores all three stages, but not in historical order. Instead, in an effort to illustrate how physics and abstract mathematics influence each other we hop back and forth between a purely mathematical development of Hilbert space, and a physically motivated definition of a logic, partially linking the two throughout, and then bringing them together at the deepest level in the last two chapters. This book should be accessible to undergraduate and beginning graduate students in both mathematics and physics. The only strict prerequisites are calculus and linear algebra, but the level of mathematical sophistication assumes at least one or two intermediate courses, for example in mathematical analysis or advanced calculus. No background in physics is assumed.

Download or read book Partial Differential Equations written by András Vasy and published by American Mathematical Society. This book was released on 2022-07-15 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text on partial differential equations is intended for readers who want to understand the theoretical underpinnings of modern PDEs in settings that are important for the applications without using extensive analytic tools required by most advanced texts. The assumed mathematical background is at the level of multivariable calculus and basic metric space material, but the latter is recalled as relevant as the text progresses. The key goal of this book is to be mathematically complete without overwhelming the reader, and to develop PDE theory in a manner that reflects how researchers would think about the material. A concrete example is that distribution theory and the concept of weak solutions are introduced early because while these ideas take some time for the students to get used to, they are fundamentally easy and, on the other hand, play a central role in the field. Then, Hilbert spaces that are quite important in the later development are introduced via completions which give essentially all the features one wants without the overhead of measure theory. There is additional material provided for readers who would like to learn more than the core material, and there are numerous exercises to help solidify one's understanding. The text should be suitable for advanced undergraduates or for beginning graduate students including those in engineering or the sciences.

Download or read book The Hilbert Transform of Schwartz Distributions and Applications written by J. N. Pandey and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-10-14 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a modern and up-to-date treatment of the Hilberttransform of distributions and the space of periodic distributions.Taking a simple and effective approach to a complex subject, thisvolume is a first-rate textbook at the graduate level as well as anextremely useful reference for mathematicians, applied scientists,and engineers. The author, a leading authority in the field, shares with thereader many new results from his exhaustive research on the Hilberttransform of Schwartz distributions. He describes in detail how touse the Hilbert transform to solve theoretical and physicalproblems in a wide range of disciplines; these include aerofoilproblems, dispersion relations, high-energy physics, potentialtheory problems, and others. Innovative at every step, J. N. Pandey provides a new definitionfor the Hilbert transform of periodic functions, which isespecially useful for those working in the area of signalprocessing for computational purposes. This definition could alsoform the basis for a unified theory of the Hilbert transform ofperiodic, as well as nonperiodic, functions. The Hilbert transform and the approximate Hilbert transform ofperiodic functions are worked out in detail for the first time inbook form and can be used to solve Laplace's equation with periodicboundary conditions. Among the many theoretical results proved inthis book is a Paley-Wiener type theorem giving thecharacterization of functions and generalized functions whoseFourier transforms are supported in certain orthants of Rn. Placing a strong emphasis on easy application of theory andtechniques, the book generalizes the Hilbert problem in higherdimensions and solves it in function spaces as well as ingeneralized function spaces. It simplifies the one-dimensionaltransform of distributions; provides solutions to thedistributional Hilbert problems and singular integral equations;and covers the intrinsic definition of the testing function spacesand its topology. The book includes exercises and review material for all majortopics, and incorporates classical and distributional problems intothe main text. Thorough and accessible, it explores new ways to usethis important integral transform, and reinforces its value in bothmathematical research and applied science. The Hilbert transform made accessible with many new formulas anddefinitions Written by today's foremost expert on the Hilbert transform ofgeneralized functions, this combined text and reference covers theHilbert transform of distributions and the space of periodicdistributions. The author provides a consistently accessibletreatment of this advanced-level subject and teaches techniquesthat can be easily applied to theoretical and physical problemsencountered by mathematicians, applied scientists, and graduatestudents in mathematics and engineering. Introducing many new inversion formulas that have been developedand applied by the author and his research associates, the book: * Provides solutions to the distributional Hilbert problem andsingular integral equations * Focuses on the Hilbert transform of Schwartz distributions,giving intrinsic definitions of the space H(D) and its topology * Covers the Paley-Wiener theorem and provides many importanttheoretical results of importance to research mathematicians * Provides the characterization of functions and generalizedfunctions whose Fourier transforms are supported in certainorthants of Rn * Offers a new definition of the Hilbert transform of the periodicfunction that can be used for computational purposes in signalprocessing * Develops the theory of the Hilbert transform of periodicdistributions and the approximate Hilbert transform of periodicdistributions * Provides exercises at the end of each chapter--useful toprofessors in planning assignments, tests, and problems

Download or read book Braid Foliations in Low Dimensional Topology written by Douglas J. LaFountain and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2017-10-20 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Topics in Groups and Geometry written by Tullio Ceccherini-Silberstein and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-01 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a detailed exposition of a wide range of topics in geometric group theory, inspired by Gromov’s pivotal work in the 1980s. It includes classical theorems on nilpotent groups and solvable groups, a fundamental study of the growth of groups, a detailed look at asymptotic cones, and a discussion of related subjects including filters and ultrafilters, dimension theory, hyperbolic geometry, amenability, the Burnside problem, and random walks on groups. The results are unified under the common theme of Gromov’s theorem, namely that finitely generated groups of polynomial growth are virtually nilpotent. This beautiful result gave birth to a fascinating new area of research which is still active today. The purpose of the book is to collect these naturally related results together in one place, most of which are scattered throughout the literature, some of them appearing here in book form for the first time. In this way, the connections between these topics are revealed, providing a pleasant introduction to geometric group theory based on ideas surrounding Gromov's theorem. The book will be of interest to mature undergraduate and graduate students in mathematics who are familiar with basic group theory and topology, and who wish to learn more about geometric, analytic, and probabilistic aspects of infinite groups.