Download or read book Higher Capacity Cold formed Steel Sheathed and Framed Shear Walls for Mid rise Buildings written by Veronica Santos and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The use of cold-formed steel (CFS) for seismic force-resisting systems (SFRS), including shear walls, has increased throughout the years. However, the design provisions for CFS sheathed and framed shear walls available in the North American CFS standards (AISI S400 and AISI S240) are limited by the shear walls' sheathing and framing thicknesses. Design guidelines for CFS sheathed and framed shear walls for the purpose of mid-rise construction (up to 5 storeys) are still absent from the standards. The main objective of this research program was to develop a design procedure for CFS sheathed and framed shear walls to achieve higher capacity and ductility to resist the higher forces experienced in mid-rise construction. The developed design procedure is proposed to be included in the provisions of the AISI S240 Standard and AISI S400 Standard.The design procedure was developed by determining the shear strength of full-scale shear wall specimens built and tested at McGill University under monotonic and cyclic loading protocols. A total of 31 specimens, with varying building parameters, were constructed using thicker sheathing and framing members than what is currently available for design. The specimens were built using two new shear wall configurations (double-sheathed and centre-sheathed) to address out-of-plane forces experienced by shear walls tested in previous research programs.The centre-sheathed shear wall configuration, with a confined and concentrically placed sheathing panel, reached a shear resistance four times higher than the design values tabulated in the current standards. The ductility of these CFS shear walls was also significantly improved. A preliminary equation-based nominal shear strength prediction method has been developed for the centre-sheathed shear walls; the method reflects the shear wall's different configuration and superior behaviour. Following the test data analysis, preliminary design parameters for Limit States Design (LSD) used in Canada and for Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) used in the USA and Mexico were determined, including the load resistance factor, f, and the factor of safety. In addition, capacity based design parameters were determined for seismic design in Canada. These parameters included the "test-based" seismic performance factors, Rd and Ro, which were found to be 2.8 and 1.5 respectively. The superior performance of the centre-sheathed configuration showed its promising potential as a new design option for higher capacity CFS shear walls. However, before a potential implementation into mid-rise construction, further research is needed in order for a complete design procedure to be developed. " --

Download or read book Higher Capacity Cold formed Steel Sheathed and Framed Shear Walls for Mid rise Buildings written by Vincent Brière and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Despite the increase in the use of cold-formed steel (CFS) in mid-rise construction (up to 5 storeys), the North American cold-formed steel standards AISI S400 and S240 do not provide a standard design procedure for CFS sheathed and framed shear walls for use in such constructions. The main objective of this research was to develop a design procedure for CFS sheathed and framed shear walls to achieve higher strength and ductility and resist the larger forces expected in mid-rise construction. The design procedure proposed for inclusion in the AISI S400 and S240 standards.Full-scale experiments have been performed using a shear wall testing frame at McGill University where a total of 31 specimens were tested monotonically and / or cyclically. These specimens were constructed with thicker sheathing and framing members not currently available for design, using two innovative building configurations (double-sheathed and centre-sheathed) to eliminate the effects of eccentric sheathing placement and take full advantage of bearing failure in the sheathing.The specimens were built with varying construction parameters (material thickness, screw size and screw spacing) and the test data was analysed using the Equivalent Energy Elastic-Plastic (EEEP) method. The configuration using a single concentric sheathing placement (centre-sheathed configuration) reached shear strengths nearly four times higher than what is listed in the current standards. Further, the walls' ductility was substantially improved (up to 8% drift), giving this design a strong potential to be used in mid-rise construction. A preliminary design method was introduced for this configuration, taking into consideration the different behaviour from these shear walls. A preliminary Limit States Design procedure for Canada (LSD) and the USA and Mexico (LRFD) was determined based on the test results. Resistance factors and overstrength values were also provided. The "test-based" ductility-related and overstrength-related seismic force modification factors for Canada (Rd and Ro) obtained the values of 2.8 and 1.5. This promising centre-sheathed configuration requires further research in order to advance towards a definitive design method for the use of CFS framed and sheathed shear walls in mid-rise construction." --

Download or read book Performance of Centre sheathed Cold formed Steel Framed Shear Walls Phase 2 written by Jia Cheng Wu and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "To enter into the construction market for mid-rise buildings, e.g. 5 to 8 storeys, the cold-formed steel (CFS) industry requires a solution to address the need to resist higher seismic shear forces. The proven performance of steel-sheathed shear walls is required to compete with hot-rolled steel lateral framing shear wall systems; i.e. all-steel shear wall configurations capable of carrying lateral loads in excess of 60 kN/m (4170 lb/ft). The American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) developed a design standard for cold-formed steel lateral framing systems, i.e. the AISI S400-15. This standard contains design information for shear walls with shear resistance values up to 30 kN/m (2085 lb/ft). Various solutions exist to increase the shear resistance of a CFS framed shear wall to a level appropriate for mid-rise buildings. For example, in shear walls with sheathing placed on both sides of the wall, torsional loading on the framing members was avoided, and hence the shear resistance was significantly increased. However, the ductility of the walls was not improved compared to previously run tests due to the sheathing pulling over the screw fasteners.A configuration in which the sheathing is placed at the mid-line of the framing, denoted the “centre-sheathed” shear wall, was recently developed through a laboratory test program. These walls were configured to centrally confine the sheathing within the framing, which resulted in the removal of torsional forces on the chord studs and provided for a substantial increase in both shear resistance and ductility in comparison with walls having external sheathing on both sides. The initial test walls proved to have higher shear resistance, i.e. over four times that currently found in the AISI S400-15, and could maintain this resistance to drifts exceeding 6%. However, the high shear forces posed difficulties in designing the perimeter framing members and attachments to the foundation given that the structure is composed of CFS with a maximum thickness of 2.5 mm. This second laboratory-based study was conducted to configure centre-sheathed walls to attain intermediate shear resistances but maintain the ability to carry load at high drift levels. In addition, tests were carried out on the bare frame structure to identify the added shear capacity provided by the specially detailed CFS perimeter frame. Further, connection tests were completed to address the need to develop bearing design equations for the double shear 3-ply screw connections that connect the sheathing to the frame, which is not currently addressed in any design standard on cold-formed steel"--

Download or read book Seismic Behavior of Cold Formed Steel Framed Wall Line Systems in Mid Rise Buildings written by Amanpreet Singh and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cold-formed steel (CFS) framing offers many benefits to buildings in seismically active regions. Amongst the most notable CFS attributes include its low fabrication and maintenance costs, noncombustible and corrosion resistant nature, high durability and ductility. These benefits have made CFS framing a popular choice for construction of low-rise and mid-rise structures. From a seismic performance perspective, the light weight and ductility offered by a CFS-framed structure aligns with system resiliency needs in moderate to high seismic zones. Although experimental data exists documenting the performance of isolated CFS-framed shear walls, the structural lateral force resisting systems (LFRS) in CFS-framed buildings are constructed and integrally attached to non-designated systems, such as gravity walls as well as various nonstructural components. The contribution of the non-designated systems and the nonstructural components towards the response of wall-lines within the building system under high intensity earthquake shaking is not well understood. Moreover, experimental data to support code guidelines in current North American standards for design of CFS-framed shear walls, which meet the seismic demands for mid-rise buildings (>6 stories) are lacking. Indeed, the paucity of full-scale test data documenting the behavior of wall-line systems detailed for mid-rise buildings has been a barrier to bringing the potential benefits of CFS framing to the community. To address these limitations, a two-phased experimental program was undertaken in this dissertation to advance the understanding of CFS-framed steel sheet sheathed shear walls placed in-line with gravity walls. Referred to herein as "wall-lines", these test specimens were detailed to support the lateral load demands anticipated of mid-rise buildings in high seismic zones. In the first phase, wall-line assemblies were tested at full-scale on a shake table, first under a sequence of increasing amplitude (in-plane) earthquake input motions, and subsequently under slow monotonic pull conditions (for select specimens). In the second phase, wall-line assemblies were tested under quasi-static reverse cyclic displacement-controlled loading using a simulated floor-load imposed via hydraulic actuators. Steel sheet sheathed shear walls offered energy dissipation primarily through structural member-to-sheathing connections and yielding of the steel sheet. All specimens demonstrated a tension field that spread across the entirety of the steel sheet at failure. The impact of different test variables governing the structural and nonstructural detailing on the seismic performance of the CFS-framed wall-line specimens is quantified by careful systematic comparison between different configurations. Wall-line assemblies with interior and exterior finish demonstrated substantially increased strength and stiffness without any decrease in drift capacity or change in failure mode. Specimens with hold-downs offered a larger lateral strength compared to specimens with tension tie-rods. However, hold-downs reached their capacity at higher drift demands whereas tension tie-rods remained linear elastic, even though both wall-lines with the different tie-down systems were designed for same overstrength force levels. The second part of this work involved a comprehensive numerical modeling effort, using prior experimental findings, both of the wall-line experiments discussed herein as well as a previous mid-rise six-story building specimen tested at full-scale using a suite of earthquake excitations. The developed finite element model takes into consideration the major assemblies, beyond just the isolated shear walls, which influence the dynamic response of the system, such as the strength and stiffness contribution from gravity walls as well as nonstructural components such as exterior and interior finishes installed over the shear wall and gravity wall segments. In this phase, as is common in west coast practice in the United States, a continuous tie-rod system is also modeled to capture the cumulative floor displacements caused by the axial elongation in the steel rods. The effect of built-up stud packs on strength, stiffness and drift parameters of a shear wall is also considered in the nonlinear hysteretic material model of shear walls. Very good agreement between numerical predictions and available experimental seismic response data of the six-story test building demonstrates that the proposed numerical model scheme can be employed to predict the seismic response of mid-rise CFS-framed buildings. Development of such a numerical model is an essential tool for enabling performance-based seismic design of cold-formed steel structures in this rapidly growing industry.

Download or read book Influence of Gypsum Panels on the Response of Cold formed Steel Framed Shear Walls written by Sophie Lu and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Gypsum panels can be used as structural elements in cold-formed steel (CFS) framed shear walls to resist in-plane lateral loads. More commonly, however, gypsum panels are specified to solely provide sound-proofing and fire resistance, and hence are not accounted for in the structural design. Research has shown that gypsum-sheathed walls can provide in-plane lateral resistance and stiffness regardless of whether the gypsum is intended to act as a structural or non-structural component. On the one hand, the additional lateral resistance provided by the gypsum can be beneficial since a more economical design can be achieved. On the other hand, if the gypsum panels are not taken into account in the design, the additional stiffness provided by the gypsum may lead to increased seismic loads on the building. Moreover, in the current AISI S213 and S400 North American Standards for the seismic design of CFS framed structures the design must follow a capacity-based approach in which the resistance of all the members in the lateral load carrying path is greater than the probable resistance of the fuse element(s) combined with the gravity loads. Thus, the unaccounted lateral resistance provided by the gypsum panels can increase the resistance of the fuse element(s) and lead to an unexpected and possibly non-ductile failure in the other members of the lateral load carrying path. In the AISI S213 and S400 Standards, values for the nominal resistance and overstrength factor of wood, steel and gypsum sheathed shear walls are given, but have a limited range of application (e.g. 12.5 mm thick gypsum). No recommendations are provided to take into account the influence of gypsum in strap-braced walls, or the effect on probable capacity forces. The first objective of this thesis is to conduct a test program in order to obtain design values with respect to the nominal and maximum in-plane shear resistances, as well as the stiffness, of 1-hour and 2-hour fire resistance rated gypsum-sheathed strap-braced shear walls, gypsum-sheathed shear walls and gypsum-sheathed gravity-carrying walls. The second objective is to create a numerical model representing the behaviour of the tested gypsum-sheathed walls. A total of 35 2.44 m x 1.22 m walls were sheathed with different configurations of 15.9 mm-thick gypsum panels and then tested under in-plane lateral loading. Nominal values to be used in the design of gypsum-sheathed walls were found as well as methods to predict the probable resistance of gypsum-sheathed walls for capacity-based design. Numerical models of the walls were obtained with OpenSees and can be used to incorporate the effect of gypsum panels on walls in a full building model." --

Download or read book Prescriptive Method for Residential Cold formed Steel Framed i e Framing written by NAHB Research Center and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Commentary on the Prescriptive Method for Residential Cold Formed Steel Framing written by Nader R. Elhajj and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2000-05 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Use of cold formed steel framing in the residential market has increased over the past years. Its price stability, consistent quality, similarity to conventional framing, successes in the commercial market, & resistance to fire, rot, & termites have attracted the attention of many builders. However, lack of prescriptive construction requirements has prevented this alternative material from gaining wider acceptance among home builders & code officials. This handbook provides background, engineering assumptions & methods, & detailed calculations for this method. Illustrated.

Download or read book Innovative Cold Formed Steel Shear Walls with Corrugated Steel Sheathing written by Mahsa Mahdavian and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents two major sections with the objective of introducing a new cold-formed steel (CFS) shear wall system with corrugated steel sheathings. The work shown herein includes the development of an optimal shear wall system as well as an optimal slit configuration for the CFS corrugated sheathings which result in a CFS shear wall with high ductility, high strength, high stiffness and overall high performance. The conclusion is based on the results of 36 full-scale shear wall tests performed in the structural laboratory of the University of North Texas. A variety of shear walls were the subject of this research to make further discussions and conclusions based on different sheathing materials, slit configurations, wall configurations, sheathing connection methods, wall dimensions, shear wall member thicknesses, and etc. The walls were subject to cyclic (CUREE protocol) lateral loading to study their deformations and structural performances. The optimal sit configuration for CFS shear walls with corrugated steel sheathings was found to be 12×2 in. vertical slits in 6 rows. The failure mode observed in this shear wall system was the connection failure between the sheathing and the framing members. Also, most of the shear walls tested displayed local buckling of the chord framing members located above the hold-down locations. The second section includes details of developing a Finite Element Model (FEM) in ABAQUS software to analyze the lateral response of the new shear wall systems. Different modeling techniques were used to define each element of the CFS shear wall and are reported herein. Material properties from coupon test results are applied. Connection tests are performed to define pinching paths to model fasteners with hysteretic user-defined elements. Element interactions, boundary conditions and loading applications are consistent with full scale tests. CFS members and corrugated sheathings are modeled with shell elements, sheathing-to-frame fasteners are modeled using nonlinear springs (SPRING2 elements) for monotonic models and a general user defined element (user subroutine UEL) for cyclic models. Hold-downs are defined by boundary conditions. A total of three models were developed and validated by comparing ABAQUS results to full scale test results.

Download or read book Commentary on the Prescriptive Method for Residential Cold formed Steel Framing First Edition written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Impact of Gravity Loads on the Lateral Performance of Cold Formed Steel Frame Steel Sheathed Shear Walls written by Jamin DaBreo and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Canadian seismic design provisions for cold-formed steel framed/steel sheathed shear walls have been developed from previous research at McGill University with the intent of being incorporated into the Canadian section of the North American Lateral Design Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing (AISI S213), and ultimately to provide guidelines for design of these systems in the National Building Code of Canada and CSA-S136 Specification.In this previous research, a limited number of shear walls displayed unfavourable damage due to twisting deformations of the chord-studs and by local buckling. Also, the shear walls tested in previous research were only laterally loaded. The objective of the current research program was to address this unfavourable failure mode by evaluating the performance of cold-formed steel framed/steel sheathed shear walls, constructed with blocked stud members, which were tested under combined gravity and lateral loading. In total, fourteen single-storey shear walls (8 configurations) were subjected to monotonic and CUREE reversed cyclic lateral loading protocols. The Equivalent Energy Elastic-Plastic (EEEP) approach was used to analyse the test data and determine nominal shear resistance values. Relevant design parameters were determined: a resistance factor, phi, of 0.7, an overstrength value of 1.4, and ductility and overstrength seismic force modification factors (Rd = 2.0 and Ro = 1.3). Dynamic analysis of a two storey representative building model was carried out to validate the 'test-based' R-values following a methodology adopted from FEMA P695 to evaluate the seismic performance of a building system.The research program indicated that the blocking reinforcement detail had adequately resolved chord-stud twisting deformations and that the chord-studs, once designed to carry the combined gravity and lateral forces following a capacity based approach, would not fail thereby preventing any detrimental collapse of the framing system." --

Download or read book Design Method of Cold Formed Steel Framed Shear Wall Sheathed by Structural Concrete Panel written by Aida Ashkanalam and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this research is developing a new method of design for cold-formed steel framed shear wall sheathed by 3⁄4" thick USG structural panel concrete subfloor using a predictive analytical model and comparing the results obtained from the model with those achieved from real testing to verify the analytical model and predicted lateral load-carrying capacity resulted from that. Moreover, investigating the impact of various screw spacings on shear wall design parameter such as ultimate strength, yield strength, elastic stiffness, ductility ratio and amount of energy dissipation is another purpose of this research.

Download or read book Advances in Engineering Structures Mechanics Construction written by M. Pandey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-10 with total page 847 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the proceedings of an International Conference on Advances in Engineering Structures, Mechanics & Construction, held in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, May 14-17, 2006. The contents include contains the texts of all three plenary presentations and all seventy-three technical papers by more than 153 authors, presenting the latest advances in engineering structures, mechanics and construction research and practice.

Download or read book Advances in Engineering Materials Structures and Systems Innovations Mechanics and Applications written by Alphose Zingoni and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-08-21 with total page 2435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Engineering Materials, Structures and Systems: Innovations, Mechanics and Applications comprises 411 papers that were presented at SEMC 2019, the Seventh International Conference on Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation, held in Cape Town, South Africa, from 2 to 4 September 2019. The subject matter reflects the broad scope of SEMC conferences, and covers a wide variety of engineering materials (both traditional and innovative) and many types of structures. The many topics featured in these Proceedings can be classified into six broad categories that deal with: (i) the mechanics of materials and fluids (elasticity, plasticity, flow through porous media, fluid dynamics, fracture, fatigue, damage, delamination, corrosion, bond, creep, shrinkage, etc); (ii) the mechanics of structures and systems (structural dynamics, vibration, seismic response, soil-structure interaction, fluid-structure interaction, response to blast and impact, response to fire, structural stability, buckling, collapse behaviour); (iii) the numerical modelling and experimental testing of materials and structures (numerical methods, simulation techniques, multi-scale modelling, computational modelling, laboratory testing, field testing, experimental measurements); (iv) innovations and special structures (nanostructures, adaptive structures, smart structures, composite structures, bio-inspired structures, shell structures, membranes, space structures, lightweight structures, long-span structures, tall buildings, wind turbines, etc); (v) design in traditional engineering materials (steel, concrete, steel-concrete composite, aluminium, masonry, timber, glass); (vi) the process of structural engineering (conceptualisation, planning, analysis, design, optimization, construction, assembly, manufacture, testing, maintenance, monitoring, assessment, repair, strengthening, retrofitting, decommissioning). The SEMC 2019 Proceedings will be of interest to civil, structural, mechanical, marine and aerospace engineers. Researchers, developers, practitioners and academics in these disciplines will find them useful. Two versions of the papers are available. Short versions, intended to be concise but self-contained summaries of the full papers, are in this printed book. The full versions of the papers are in the e-book.

Download or read book Design Guide written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Performance of Cold formed Steel framed Shear Walls written by Kelly A. Morgan and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Analytical Model of Cold formed Steel Framed Shear Wall with Steel Sheet and Wood based Sheathing written by Noritsugu Yanagi and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book 2018 International Plumbing Code Turbo Tabs Loose Leaf Version written by International Code Council and published by . This book was released on 2017-09-14 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An organized, structured approach to the 2018 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE Loose leaf Version, these TURBO TABS will help you target the specific information you need, when you need it. Packaged as pre-printed, full-page inserts that categorize the IPC into its most frequently referenced sections, the tabs are both handy and easy to use. They were created by leading industry experts who set out to develop a tool that would prove valuable to users in or entering the field.