Download or read book High resolution Interpolation of Climate Scenarios for Canada Derived from General Circulation Model Simulations written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Resolution Interpolation of Climate Scenarios for the Conterminous USA and Alaska Derived from General Circulation Model Simulations written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Projections of future climate were selected for four well-established general circulation models (GCM) forced by each of three greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions scenarios, namely A2, A1B, and B1 from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES). Monthly data for the period 1961-2100 were downloaded mainly from the web portal of Third Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (Phase 3) of the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and subsets of data covering North America were extracted. Climate variables included monthly mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures, precipitation, incident surface solar radiation, wind speed, and specific humidity. All variables were expressed as changes relative to the simulated monthly means for 1961-1990, which corrected for GCM bias in reproducing past climate and allowed future projected trends to be compared directly. The downscaling procedure used the ANUSPLIN software package to fit a two-dimensional spline function to each month's change data for each climate variable at a spatial resolution of 5 arcminutes (0.0833o) longitude and latitude. The A2 emission scenario invariably generated the greatest warming by 2100 and the B1 the least. Alaska is projected to undergo the greatest regional increases in temperature and precipitation. Differences across the projections were generally greater from the different GHG forcings than those resulting from the different GCMs, although the consistency varied spatially. Gridded datasets are publicly available. The downscaled change factors from this study are being used with historical climatology developed from the PRISM climate data set to develop the climate projections for the RPA scenarios in the USDA FS RPA assessment. A companion report and data set will be issued by Natural Resources Canada (Canadian Forest Service) for Canada.
Download or read book High Resolution Interpolation of Climate Scenerios for the Conterminous USA and Alaska Derived from General Circulation Model Simulations written by United States Department of Agriculture and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-02-14 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Projections of future climate were selected for four well-established general circulation models (GCM) forced by each of three greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions scenarios, namely A2, A1B, and B1 from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES). Monthly data for the period 1961-2100 were downloaded mainly from the web portal of Third Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (Phase 3) of the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and subsets of data covering North America were extracted. Climate variables included monthly mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures, precipitation, incident surface solar radiation, wind speed, and specific humidity. All variables were expressed as changes relative to the simulated monthly means for 1961-1990, which corrected for GCM bias in reproducing past climate and allowed future projected trends to be compared directly. The downscaling procedure used the ANUSPLIN software package to fit a two-dimensional spline function to each month's change data for each climate variable at a spatial resolution of 5 arcminutes (0.0833 ) longitude and latitude. The A2 emission scenario invariably generated the greatest warming by 2100 and the B1 the least. Alaska is projected to undergo the greatest regional increases in temperature and precipitation. Differences across the projections were generally greater from the different GHG forcings than those resulting from the different GCMs, although the consistency varied spatially. Gridded datasets are publicly available. The downscaled change factors from this study are being used with historical climatology developed from the PRISM climate data set to develop the climate projections for the RPA scenarios in the USDA FS RPA assessment. A companion report and data set will be issued by Natural Resources Canada (Canadian Forest Service) for Canada.
Download or read book Observing Modeling and Understanding Processes in Natural and Managed Peatlands written by Michel Bechtold and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-05-25 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recarbonization of the Biosphere written by Rattan Lal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-28 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human activities are significantly modifying the natural global carbon (C) cycles, and concomitantly influence climate, ecosystems, and state and function of the Earth system. Ever increasing amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) are added to the atmosphere by fossil fuel combustion but the biosphere is a potential C sink. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of C cycling in the biosphere is crucial for identifying and managing biospheric C sinks. Ecosystems with large C stocks which must be protected and sustainably managed are wetlands, peatlands, tropical rainforests, tropical savannas, grasslands, degraded/desertified lands, agricultural lands, and urban lands. However, land-based sinks require long-term management and a protection strategy because C stocks grow with a progressive improvement in ecosystem health.
Download or read book Key Methods in Geography written by Nicholas Clifford and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2016-05-21 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Practical, accessible, careful and interesting, this...revised volume brings the subject up-to-date and explains, in bite sized chunks, the ′how′s′ and ′why′s′ of modern day geographical study...[It] brings together physical and human approaches again in a new synthesis." —Danny Dorling, Professor of Geography, University of Oxford Key Methods in Geography is the perfect introductory companion, providing an overview of qualitative and quantitative methods for human and physical geography. This Third Edition Features: 12 new chapters representing emerging themes including online, virtual and digital geographical methods Real-life case study examples Summaries and exercises for each chapter Free online access to full text of Progress in Human Geography and Progress in Physical Geography Progress Reports The teaching of research methods is integral to all geography courses: Key Methods in Geography, Third Edition explains all of the key methods with which geography undergraduates must be conversant.
Download or read book High Resolution Regional Climate Downscaling and Probabilistic Projection for Impact Assessment A Canadian Case Study written by Xiuquan Wang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human-induced climate change has been regarded as one of the most pressing issues around the world because it often leads to severe, widespread, and irreversible consequences. Assessing the potential impacts of climate change is essential and critical for developing appropriate mitigation and adaptation strategies against the changing climate. In this research, a series of approaches and methodologies have been proposed for dealing with the challenges in climate change impact assessment due to the lack of highresolution climate projections and the difficulty in quantifying the uncertainties associated with future climate projections. The proposed approaches and methodologies have been applied to the Province of Ontario, Canada to demonstrate their effectiveness in generating probabilistic and high-resolution regional climate scenarios. Specifically, a new statistical downscaling tool, named SCADS, has been developed to help perform rapid development of downscaled scenarios under current and future climate forcing conditions. The SCADS uses a cluster tree to effectively deal with continuous and discrete variables, as well as nonlinear relations between large-scale atmospheric variables and local surface ones. A hybrid downscaling approach by coupling the PRECIS model and the SCADS model has been proposed to construct high resolution climate projections for studying climate change impacts at local scales. The coupled approach was applied for projecting the future climate over Ontario at a fine resolution of 10 km. A Bayesian hierarchical model has been developed to quantify the uncertainties of regional climate projections in a statistical framework based upon a limited number of explicit assumptions for prior distributions. By feeding the observations for current climate and the PRECIS ensemble simulations into the Bayesian model, probabilistic projections of future climatic changes over Ontario have been developed. The likely changes in temperature and precipitation as well as extreme precipitation events across the Province of Ontario were evaluated to help understand its local climate's response to global warming. A public climate change data portal, named Ontario CCDP, have been established to ensure impact researchers and decision makers have free access to the high-resolution climate projections, thus supporting further impact studies and development of climate mitigation and adaptation strategies.
Download or read book Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Management Options written by James M. Vose and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-12-05 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forest land managers face the challenges of preparing their forests for the impacts of climate change. However, climate change adds a new dimension to the task of developing and testing science-based management options to deal with the effects of stressors on forest ecosystems in the southern United States. The large spatial scale and complex inter
Download or read book Dynamically Downscaled Climate Simulations Over North America written by U.S. Department of the Interior and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-03-30 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have completed an array of high-resolution simulations of present and future climate over Western North America (WNA) and Eastern North America (ENA) by dynamically downscaling global climate simulations using a regional climate model, RegCM3. The simulations are intended to provide long time series of internally consistent surface and atmospheric variables for use in climate-related research. In addition to providing high-resolution weather and climate data for the past, present, and future, we have developed an integrated data flow and methodology for processing, summarizing, viewing, and delivering the climate datasets to a wide range of potential users. Our simulations were run over 50- and 15-kilometer model grids in an attempt to capture more of the climatic detail associated with processes such as topographic forcing than can be captured by general circulation models (GCMs). The simulations were run using output from four GCMs.
Download or read book General Circulation Model Output for Forest Climate Change Research and Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Climate Change and Groundwater written by Walter Dragoni and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2008 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a general consensus that for the next few decades at least, the Earth will continue its warming. This will inevitably bring about serious environmental problems. For human society, the most severe will be those related to alterations of the hydrological cycle, which is already heavily influenced by human activities. Climate change will directly affect groundwater recharge, groundwater quality and the freshwater-seawater interface. The variations of groundwater storage inevitably entail a variety of geomorphological and engineering effects. In the areas where water resources are likely to diminish, groundwater will be one of the main solutions to prevent drought. In spite of its paramount importance, the issue of 'Climate Change and Groundwater' has been neglected. This volume presents some of the current understanding of the topic.
Download or read book Empirical statistical Downscaling written by Rasmus E. Benestad and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2008 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Empirical-statistical downscaling (ESD) is a method for estimating how local climatic variables are affected by large-scale climatic conditions. ESD has been applied to local climate/weather studies for years, but there are few ? if any ? textbooks on the subject. It is also anticipated that ESD will become more important and commonplace in the future, as anthropogenic global warming proceeds. Thus, a textbook on ESD will be important for next-generation climate scientists.
Download or read book Second Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea Basin written by The BACC II Author Team and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-03 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an update of the first BACC assessment, published in 2008. It offers new and updated scientific findings in regional climate research for the Baltic Sea basin. These include climate changes since the last glaciation (approx. 12,000 years ago), changes in the recent past (the last 200 years), climate projections up until 2100 using state-of-the-art regional climate models and an assessment of climate-change impacts on terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. There are dedicated new chapters on sea-level rise, coastal erosion and impacts on urban areas. A new set of chapters deals with possible causes of regional climate change along with the global effects of increased greenhouse gas concentrations, namely atmospheric aerosols and land-cover change. The evidence collected and presented in this book shows that the regional climate has already started to change and this is expected to continue. Projections of potential future climates show that the region will probably become considerably warmer and wetter in some parts, but dryer in others. Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems have already shown adjustments to increased temperatures and are expected to undergo further changes in the near future. The BACC II Author Team consists of 141 scientists from 12 countries, covering various disciplines related to climate research and related impacts. BACC II is a project of the Baltic Earth research network and contributes to the World Climate Research Programme.
Download or read book Predictability of Global and Regional Climate Variations Final Technical Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project has been concerned with the adequacy of the representation of the earth's mean climate and its variability in low resolution climate models which are typically used for climate change studies. The climate models under scrutiny have included both atmosphere only models, in which the lower boundary conditions of sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice are specified, and coupled atmosphere-ocean models. In particular, the authors have examined the difference, in the mean climate and fluctuations about the mean in an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM), between the model simulation at high resolution and at moderate resolution. The authors have also compared and contrasted simulations made with a very low resolution coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model (CGCM; integrated for multiple centuries) to those made with a more moderate resolution CGCM. The AGCM integrations used in this study were performed under support from other agencies for the purpose of studying seasonal to interannual predictability. They have examined these integrations with a focus on the high latitudes.
Download or read book The Regional Impacts of Climate Change written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Working Group II. and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press, 1998.
Download or read book Generation of Regional Climate Change Scenarios Using General Circulation Models and Empirical Downscaling written by Justin T. Schoof and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Guidebook on Climate Scenarios written by Valérie Bourduas Crouhen and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
