Download or read book High Resolution Geochemistry of the Cretaceous Eagle Ford Shale Bee County Texas written by Lisa Michelle Moran and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Eagle Ford Formation of Bee County, Texas is a sporadically laminated carbonaceous dark mudrock. The depositional area of the Eagle Ford Formation stretches across the state of Texas in a northeast-southwest trend. Early studies of the Eagle Ford found the deposits to be rich in organic material but could not fully describe the formation due to the lack of outcrop exposure. Recent studies of the Eagle Ford Formation have begun to explore the sub-surface nature of the formation. Geochemical analyses of the J.A. Leppard #1 core from the southwestern portion of the formation was conducted to further constrain the sub-surface geochemical signatures of the Eagle Ford Formation. Major and trace element compositions were all measured using a hand- held X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Bulk geochemistry, trace metal enrichments, inferred mineralogy and geochemical relationships were used as proxies to define the depositional paleoenvironment and degree of basin restriction. The Eagle Ford Formation was deposited under mostly anoxic/euxinic conditions with intermittent pulses of oxygenation. The basin was mostly restricted, but with significant periods of a more open marine setting. Dark mudstones associated with similar depositional histories have previously been linked to global Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events (OAEs). Earlier studies inferred that the Eagle Ford Formation preserved in the J.A. Leppard #1 core preserved a record of the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary. However, biostratigraphic evidence questions the original timing of sedimentation at the core location. It is now believed that the chemostratigraphic patterns could be related to marine preconditioning episodes of anoxia/euxinia prior to a major OAE.

Download or read book U Pb Geochronology of the Late Cretaceous Eagle Ford Shale Texas written by John Donald Pierce and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Eagle Ford Shale and equivalent Boquillas Formation (Late Cretaceous) contain abundant volcanic ash beds of varying thickness. These ash beds represent a unique facies that displays a range of sedimentary structures, bed continuity, and diagenetic alteration. They are prominent not only in West Texas outcrops, but also in the subsurface of South Texas where hydrocarbon production is actively occurring. The ash beds have the potential to be used for stratigraphic correlation for understanding early diagenesis and -- most importantly -- for obtaining high-resolution geochronology, which can then be used for defining depositional rates and chronostratigraphy. Study of the ash beds was conducted at outcrops along U.S. 90, west of Comstock, Texas, the subsurface in Atascosa and Karnes County, and at a construction site in South Austin. Bed thicknesses range from 0.1-33 cm and were collected throughout the entirety of the Eagle Ford succession. Mineral separation yielded abundant non-detrital zircons for U-Pb dating. Dating was conducted using LA-ICP-MS at The University of Texas at Austin, to attain a base level understanding of the age range for the Eagle Ford. High-resolution ages for the base and top of the Eagle Ford were obtained, in addition to radioisotopically defining the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary within the section. U-Pb ages for the Eagle Ford Shale range from Early Cenomanian to Late-Coniacian near Comstock, Mid-Cenomanian to the Turonian-Coniacian boundary in the subsurface, and Early Cenomanian to Late Turonian in Austin area. These findings contrast with many of the regional biostratigraphic studies across the Eagle Ford and indicate a more prolonged period of Eagle Ford deposition than previously observed.

Download or read book Chemostratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous from Central and South Texas with Focus on the Eagle Ford Group written by Brett Huffman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fine-grained organic-rich rocks of the Eagle Ford (Cenomanian-Turonian) were deposited during the Upper Cretaceous in the shallow waters of the Western Interior Seaway. Five drill cores recovered from two counties, four from Travis County, Texas and one from Frio County, Texas, have been scanned from between two foot and half foot intervals with a hand-held energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (HH-ED-XRF) spectrometer to acquire major (e.g. Ca, Si, Al) and trace (e.g. Mo, V, Ni) element data for quantitative analysis. Additionally, gamma ray logs have been analyzed for two of the cores. Major element geochemistry indicates the Eagle Ford deposited in South Texas is different from the Eagle Ford deposited in Central Texas. South Texas Eagle Ford is much more Ca (carbonate) rich, with a noticeably lower Al (clay) content. South Texas and Central Texas Eagle Ford both have low Si (quartz) content relative to the Al and Ca content, indicating a negligible siliciclastic contribution during deposition. Trace element analysis reveals the redox conditions of the bottom waters during deposition. Mn -- an element which becomes mobile and may be removed from an open system in reducing conditions -- levels are much higher in the Austin Chalk and Buda with notably lower values in the Eagle Ford in both Central Texas and South Texas. Mo, an element which tends to bind with organic matter or sulfides during reducing conditions, is notably higher in the Eagle Ford of both South Texas and Central Texas. The correlation of decreased Mn levels and increased Mo levels suggests that the Eagle Ford was deposited in reducing conditions in an open system capable of removing mobilized Mn. Geochemical analysis of major and trace elements obtained from ED-XRF may be used in the petroleum industry in concert with XRD, electric logs, and standard core analysis to give a more complete picture of the depositional environment, clay type and volume, geophysical rock properties, and areal extent of a potential unconventional shale reservoir for hydrocarbon extraction. XRF data offers insight about the rocks, leading to improved understanding of the depositional environment and chemical makeup. Applying these technologies to the Eagle Ford helps unlock the potential of this significant hydrocarbon source and reservoir.

Download or read book Paleoenvironmental Analysis and Reservoir Characterization of the Late Cretaceous Eagle Ford Formation in Frio County Texas USA written by Alexander T. Gibson and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chemostratigraphy of the Late Cretaceous Eagle Ford Group South Texass written by Robert Francis Nikirk and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Strata of the Eagle Ford Group of South Texas, deposited during the Cenomanian and Turonian of the Late Cretaceous, are largely characterized as mixed siliciclastic and carbonate mudrocks rich in organic carbon. The Eagle Ford Group records deposition within the Maverick Basin, along the Comanche Shelf, at the southern margin of the Western Interior Seaway in present-day South Texas. In recent years, the Eagle Ford has emerged as one of the premiere petroleum plays, as it has been proven to be capable of producing significant volumes of dry gas, wet gas/condensates, and oil. It is believed the Eagle Ford represents deposition during the globally correlative Ocean Anoxic Event #2, characterized by the accumulation and preservation of vast amounts of organic carbon due to the expansion of large deep-water oxygen minimum zones. This study integrates geochemical analyses of six drill cores from Gonzales, Guadalupe, La Salle and Wilson counties of South Texas. These cores were studied to determine bulk geochemistry, redox conditions, and degree of basin restriction and deepwater renewal times in order to provide a detailed assessment of the chemostratigraphy and paleoceanography of the Eagle Ford Group. Each core was scanned at one foot intervals with a handheld X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer to obtain quantitative measurements of major elements, such as Ca, Al and Si, as well as redox sensitive trace metals, such as V, Zn, Ni and Mo. In addition, some cores were analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC), total inorganic carbon (TIC), and stable isotope ([delta]13C and [delta]18O) signatures of the inorganic, carbonate component. The elevated levels of redox sensitive trace metals of the Lower Eagle Ford, represented here by the Lake Waco and Pepper Shale Formations, reveals deposition during a time of anoxic or euxinic conditions leading to the preservation of large amounts of organic carbon (~5% TOC). The South Bosque Formation, representing the Upper Eagle Ford, displays reduced levels of these trace metals, suggesting a return to a more oxygenated environment prior to the deposition of the overlying, fully oxygenated and heavily bioturbated Austin Chalk. The physical paleoceanography of the Eagle Ford is revealed to be restricted at times and more open at others with lower deep-water renewal times, yet remained mainly within an anoxic or euxinic state. In regard to the inorganic stable isotopic data, the [delta]13C carb values, which other studies have shown to display a positive excursion at the time of OAE2, suggest this event is not preserved within the cores analyzed.

Download or read book Chemostratigraphy of the Eagle Ford Formation written by Timothy J. Kearns and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Late Cretaceous Eagle Ford Formation contains the Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary (CTB). It crops out along the Red River and extends southward through the Dallas-Fort Worth Area of Texas, Waco, Austin and west towards Del Rio and Big Bend. The outcrops were not sampled. Sampling was conducted on cores located at the Bureau of Economic Geology (BEG). The cores were collected from Zavala, La Salle, Frio, Gonzalez, De Witt, and Bee Counties. The Austin Chalk Formation is located above the Eagle Ford Formation and the Buda Formation is located below it. Deposition of the Eagle Ford Formation occurred in the southern portion of Western Interior Seaway (WIS) of North America during a period of high temperature due to greenhouse warming stemming from enhanced volcanism and associated CO2 input. Increased CO2 input ultimately resulted in enhanced continental solubility or weathering and enhanced primary productivity, which resulted in stagnant, oxygen, depleted waters. The effect of the former was to possibly cause the second (OAE-2) of six global ocean anoxic events that occurred during the Cretaceous Period. A combination of enhanced carbonate precipitation from primary productivity and enhanced preservation caused by ocean anoxia led to the deposition of highly carbonaceous organic-rich mudrock. All the samples were measured using a Bruker XRF handheld device. Select samples were measured for %TIC, %TOC, %N, %S, ð13C and ð15N. The data revealed that sampled population included not only the upper and lower portion of the Eagle Ford Formation, but the overlaying Austin Chalk and underlying Buda Formations. This was primarily determined by the Molybdenum concentration. Molybdenum concentration less than or equal to 5 ppm indicate the presence of oxic to suboxic water column conditions. Molybdenum concentration that is greater than or equal to 5 ppm, but less than 20 ppm indicates anoxic water column conditions. Molybdenum concentration that is equal to or greater than 20 ppm indicates euxinic water column conditions. The Eagle Ford Formation was deposited mostly under anoxic to euxinic conditions. The overlying Austin Chalk Formation and underlying Buda Formation were both deposited under dominantly oxic to suboxic conditions. Analyses of the results indicate upwelling was prevalent during much of the deposition of each core. Upwelling is indicated by the enrichment of Phosphorus and depletion of Manganese. Increased continental weathering and upwelling were the likely primary controlling influences that caused anoxic-euxinc water column conditions. Such conditions facilitated enhanced organic matter preservation during the deposition of the Eagle Ford Formation.

Download or read book On a New Exogyra from the Del Rio Clay and Some Observations on the Evolution of Exogyra in the Texas Cretaceous written by Emil Böse and published by . This book was released on 1919 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Diagenesis in the Upper Cretaceous Eagle Ford Shale South Texas written by Allison Schaiberger and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book High Resolution Stratigraphy and Facies Architecture of the Upper Cretaceous Cenomanian Turonian Eagle Ford Group Central Texas written by Michael Douglas Fairbanks and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heightened industry focus on the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) Eagle Ford has resulted from recent discoveries of producible unconventional petroleum resource in this emerging play. However, little has been published on the facies and facies variabilities within this mixed carbonate-clastic mudrock system. This rock-based study is fundamental to understanding the controls, types, and scales of inherent facies variabilities, which have implications for enhanced comprehension of the Eagle Ford and other mixed carbonate-clastic mudrock systems worldwide. This study utilizes 8 cores and 2 outcrops with a total interval equaling 480 feet and is enhanced by synthesis of thin section, XRD, XRF, isotope, rock eval/TOC, and wireline log data. Central Texas Eagle Ford facies include 1) massive argillaceous mudrock, 2) massive argillaceous foraminiferal mudrock, 3) laminated argillaceous foraminiferal mudrock, 4) laminated foraminiferal wackestone, 5) cross-laminated foraminiferal packstone/grainstone, 6) massive bentonitic claystone, and 7) nodular foraminiferal packstone/grainstone. High degrees of facies variability are observed even at small scales (50 ft) within the Eagle Ford system and are characterized by pinching and swelling of units, lateral facies changes, truncations, and locally restricted units. Facies variability is attributed to erosional scouring, productivity blooms, bottom current reworking, and bioturbation. At the 10-mile well spacing scale and greater, the data significantly overestimates intra-formational facies continuity but is successful in defining the following four-fold stratigraphy: The basal Pepper Shale is an argillaceous, moderate TOC, high CGR and GR mudrock. The Waller Member is a newly designated name used in this study for an argillaceous and foraminiferal, high TOC, massive mudrock with a generally moderate CGR and GR profile. The Bouldin Member is a high energy, carbonate-rich (foraminiferal), low TOC, low and variable CGR but high GR zone. Finally, the South Bosque Formation is an argillaceous and foraminiferal, moderate TOC, massive and laminated mudrock with a moderate CGR and GR signature. GR logs alone are inadequate for determination of facies, TOC content, depositional environment, and sequence stratigraphic implications. Using integrated lithologic, isotopic, and wireline log data, cored wells in the study area are correlated across the San Marcos Arch. Geochemical proxies (enrichment in Mo, Mn, U, and V/Cr) indicate that maximum basin restriction occurred during deposition of the Bouldin Member. Bottom current activity influenced depositional processes and carbonate sediment input was driven by water column productivity. These primary controls on Eagle Ford stratigraphy and character are independent from eustatic fluctuation, rendering classical sequence stratigraphy unreliable.

Download or read book High Resolution Sequence Stratigraphy of the Cretaceous Woodbine Formation Henderson and Navarro Counties Texas written by Russell Royden Hamman and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Guide Book written by South Texas Geological Society and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Geochronologic and Chemostratigraphic Record of Cenomanian Turonian Eagle Ford South Texas written by Michael Anthony Nieto and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Eagle Ford Shale of South Texas is an organic-rich, calcareous mudrock succession which was deposited on the Comanche Platform during the earliest Late Cretaceous. Many academic and industry sponsored Eagle Ford studies over the past 10 years have concentrated their efforts on trying to understand the rock fabrics, facies architecture and heterogeneities present in the succession. However, despite heavy economic and academic interest in the system, few studies focus on trying to understand timing and source of the many bentonite ash beds present in the Eagle Ford; which serve as regional chronostratigraphic markers across South Texas. One of the primary goals of the study is the determination of U-Pb age dates in bentonite-rich ash beds from a group of subsurface cores that penetrate the Eagle Ford Formation in Atascosa County, Texas. Absolute age dates provide a chronostratigraphic framework that is used to estimate the depositional timing of variable Eagle Ford facies, as well as define the timing, duration and magnitude of isotopic events in the region. Secondly, age estimates are utilized to determine and calculate Eagle Ford accumulation rates across South Texas. Absolute age dates are incorporated with lithofacies definitions to better 1) understand the cyclic relationship between dominant Eagle Ford lithologies, 2) identify the controls responsible for the cyclic mode of deposition, and 3) determine the lateral continuity of key lithofacies and lithologic units. Lastly, elemental (XRF) data are utilized to describe the subtle paleoceanographic and sediment source conditions that persisted across the entire Eagle Ford section. These findings are integrated with stable carbon ([delta]13C) isotopic data, which allow for the accurate definition of Ocean Anoxic Event 2 (OAE 2) in the study area and provide a basis for regional correlation with previous studies. Recent studies have suggested that anoxic conditions experienced within the Western Interior Seaway during this time were asynchronous with the well-documented global OAE 2 event. The present study compares local U-Pb age dates, isotopic and elemental results with regional studies to better define the onset timing and paleoceanograpic conditions associated with Eagle Ford Shale deposition.

Download or read book Geologic Controls on Production written by Bruce S. Hart and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SEPM Field Trip Guidebook 16 is perhaps best thought of as an exercise in applied stratigraphy and structural geology. The technical goal is to make inter-disciplinary links, to demonstrate how stratigraphic and structural features affect exploration and development activities for unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs.The outcrops described in this guidebook should help to stimulate discussion on a series of interrelated topics such as: lithology, stratigraphic controls on hydrocarbons, horizontal drilling target, and geosteering challenges.

Download or read book Upper Cretaceous Stratigraphy of the Western Gulf Coast Area of M xico Texas and Arkansas written by Emile A. Pessagno (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Depositional Dynamics of the Upper Eagle Ford Upper Cretaceous written by Josie Danielle Brunick and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mixed siliciclastic/carbonate late Cretaceous Eagle Ford Formation is commonly divided into the lower Eagle Ford and the upper Eagle Ford. The lower Eagle Ford is arguably the most obvious organic rich interval highlighted with wireline log data; however, the upper Eagle Ford may have just as much potential for hydrocarbon production success as the lower Eagle Ford has had. A better understanding of the upper Eagle Ford will allow a more thorough and educated assessment into its full potential as an unconventional reservoir, and allow its sweet spots for oil or gas to be found and exploited. This study is based on the description and interpretation of four cores of the upper Eagle Ford located within Karnes and Gonzales counties, Texas, thin sections, and key XRF data in an effort to better understand its sediment sources and depositional regime. Seven lithofacies were identified in the upper Eagle Ford are as follows: 1) Bioturbated Wackestone/Packstone; 2) Deformed Wackestone/Packstone; 3) Wavy Laminated Wackestone/Packstone; 4) Massive Mudstone/Wackestone; 5) Coarsely to Finely Laminated Wackestone/Packstone; 6) Massive packstone/grainstone; 7) Volcanic Ash. The highest Total Organic Carbon (TOC) percent relative to each core always occurred within the base of the upper Eagle Ford. In fact, the highest TOC percentage recorded was 4.5% within the base of the upper Eagle Ford in the most distally located core. Thorium to Uranium ratios of the upper Eagle Ford were on average less than 1 indicating that the upper Eagle Ford contains very little terrigenous sourced material. Nickel, copper, vanadium, molybdenum, and uranium concentrations were also analyzed and correlated to relative organic matter influx and Paleoredox levels within the upper Eagle Ford in each core.

Download or read book Handbook of Texas Cretaceous Fossils written by Walter Scott Adkins and published by . This book was released on 1928 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Geochemistry and High resolution Chemostratigraphy of the Haynesville Formation East Texas written by Rita Bitar Nehme and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Upper Jurassic Haynesville Formation of East Texas and Louisiana is an organic-rich calcareous mudrock that is Kimmeridgian in age. It underlies the less calcareous Bossier Shale, and it overlies the Smackover Formation limestone. The Haynesville has low permeability, but a relative high porosity, compared to other mudrock formations. Mudrocks are the most common sedimentary rock and some of the most challenging to study, analyze and understand. Despite having a homogeneous appearance on a macroscopic scale, mudrocks often have high variability in facies and composition on the microscopic scale and elemental level. Many studies and methods have been developed to identify facies and stratigraphic variations in mudrocks. A complete understanding of these variations is valuable to comprehend paleoenvironments, paleoclimate and paleoceanographic conditions. Mudrocks studies are also beneficial to shale exploration because these formations, which have a high hydrocarbon content, can be targeted by oil and gas companies for exploration and production. Geochemical methods, chemostratigraphy in particular, will be used in this thesis to complement core description, petrophysical studies and sedimentological studies. This thesis focuses on acquiring chemostratigraphic data from X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements to identify elemental and mineralogical variations in the T. W. George core, from the Haynesville Formation in Harrison County, Texas. The data are linked to core description and are analyzed using Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) to acquire a better understanding of the paleoceanographic conditions and depositional environments that controlled the sediment deposition of the Haynesville Formation. The Haynesville Formation comprises a Ca-rich lower Haynesville, a more Ca-rich upper Haynesville, and underlies the Si-rich and Ca-poor Bossier. The dominant condition during deposition is anoxic/euxinic in the lower Haynesville becoming dysoxic in the upper Haynesville and more oxygenated in the Bossier Formation. The greenhouse climate of the Late Jurassic led to the deposition of strata yielding petroleum source rocks such as the Haynesville Formation that today have great economic value. Thus, studying the Haynesville has both academic and economic importance.