Download or read book High Pressure Multi Mbar Conductivity Experiments on Hydrogen written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ultra-dense hydrogen has long been the subject of intense experimental and theoretical research due to the fascinating physics which arises from this supposedly simple system. The properties of ultra-dense hydrogen also have important implications for planetary physics, since the interiors of the giant planets Jupiter and Saturn are believed to consist of cores of dense, metallic hydrogen. Finally, ultra-dense hydrogen is of direct programmatic interest, and multiple-shock compression experiments on hydrogen to the metallic state have stimulated the accelerated development of new hydrogen equation-of-state (EOS) models used for ICF and other applications. The focus of our research has often been described as the ''Holy Grail'' of high-pressure physics research: The metallization of solid hydrogen. Metallic hydrogen has long been considered to be the prototypical system for the study of insulator-to-metal (I-M) transitions. Although metallic hydrogen (Z=1) may superficially appear to be a very simple material, it is in fact an extremely challenging system for theoretical analysis due to the presence of large zero-point atomic motions and the complete absence of any core electrons. Thus, solid metallic hydrogen promises to be a fascinating material. Among its predicted properties is the possibility of being a high temperature superconductor with a critical temperature T{sub c} of the order of (almost equal to) 100K [1]. The successful metallization of solid hydrogen would be a groundbreaking scientific discovery and open up new frontiers in science and possibly technology as well.
Download or read book Electrical Conductivity of Hydrogen Shocked to Megabar Pressures written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The properties of ultra-high pressure hydrogen have been the subject of much experimental and theoretical study. Of particular interest is the pressure-induced insulator-to-metal transition of hydrogen which, according to recent theoretical calculations, is predicted to occur by band-overlap in the pressure range of 1.5-3.0 Mbars on the zero temperature isotherm. Extremely high pressures are required for metallization since the low-pressure band gap is about 15 eV. Recent static-pressure diamond anvil cell experiments have searched for evidence of an insulator-to-metal transition, but no conclusive evidence for such a transition has yet been supplied. Providing conclusive evidence for hydrogen metallization is difficult because no technique has yet been developed for performing static high-pressure electrical conductivity experiments at megabar pressures. The authors report here on electrical conductivity experiments performed on H2 and D2 multi-shocked to megabar pressures. Electrical conductivities of dense fluid hydrogen at these pressures and temperatures reached are needed for calculations of the magnetic fields of Jupiter and Saturn, the magnetic fields being generated by convective dynamos of hot, dense, semiconducting fluid hydrogen. Also, since electrical conduction at the pressure-temperature conditions being studied is due to the thermal excitation of charge carriers across the electronic band gap, these experiments yield valuable information on the width of the band gap at high densities.
Download or read book Jupiter written by Fran Bagenal and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive volume that summarizes our understanding of the jovian system.
Download or read book High Pressure Molecular Science written by R. Winter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For chemists, biochemists, physicists and materials scientists, pressure as an experimental variable represents a tool that provides unique information about the microscopic properties of the materials being studied. In addition to its use as a research tool for investigating the energetics, structure, dynamics and kinetics of molecular transformations of materials, pressure is also being used to modify the properties of materials to preserve or improve their properties. The contributions collected here cover the main areas of high pressure research, including applications in materials science, condensed matter physics, chemistry and biochemistry. In addition, some papers offer more specialised aspects of high pressure studies. The book makes clear the impressive range of fundamental and applied problems that can be studied by high pressure techniques and also points towards a major growth of high pressure science and technology in the near future.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Theoretical and Computational Methods in Mineral Physics written by Renata M. Wentzcovitch and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 71 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry represents an extensive review of the material presented by the invited speakers at a short course on Theoretical and Computational Methods in Mineral Physics held prior (December 10-12, 2009) to the Annual fall meeting of the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco, California. The meeting was held at the Doubletree Hotel & Executive Meeting Center in Berkeley, California. Contents: Density functional theory of electronic structure: a short course for mineralogists and geophysicists The Minnesota density functionals and their applications to problems in mineralogy and geochemistry Density-functional perturbation theory for quasi-harmonic calculations Thermodynamic properties and phase relations in mantle minerals investigated by first principles quasiharmonic theory First principles quasiharmonic thermoelasticity of mantle minerals An overview of quantum Monte Carlo methods Quantum Monte Carlo studies of transition metal oxides Accurate and efficient calculations on strongly correlated minerals with the LDA+U method: review and perspectives Spin-state crossover of iron in lower-mantle minerals: results of DFT+U investigations Simulating diffusion Modeling dislocations and plasticity of deep earth materials Theoretical methods for calculating the lattice thermal conductivity of minerals Evolutionary crystal structure prediction as a method for the discovery of minerals and materials Multi-Mbar phase transitions in minerals Computer simulations on phase transitions in ice Iron at Earth’s core conditions from first principles calculations First-principles molecular dynamics simulations of silicate melts: structural and dynamical properties Lattice dynamics from force-fields as a technique for mineral physics An efficient cluster expansion method for binary solid solutions: application to the halite-silvite, NaCl-KCl, system Large scale simulations Thermodynamics of the Earth’s mantle
Download or read book Condensed Matter Theories written by Susana Hernandez and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2002-01-25 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawn from the 24th International Workshop on Condensed Matter Theories (Buenes Aires, Sep. 2000) these 45 papers, while centered on the concepts and techniques of condensed-matter physics, also address broad issues of common concern for theorists who apply advanced many-particle methods in other areas of physics. Five primary topics are covered by the contributions: quantum liquids, boson condensates, strongly-correlated electron systems, superconductivity and superfluidity, and phase transitions. Some of examples of specific questions addressed include shot noise of mesoscopic quantum systems, heat transport in superlattices, transitions from non-colinear to conlinear structures in a magnetic multilayer model, order-disorder transitions in a vortex lattice, perturbation theory in the one-phase region of an electron-ion system, and nonlinear dynamics in metal clusters. c. Book News Inc.
Download or read book High Pressure Chemistry Biochemistry and Materials Science written by R. Winter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 639 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph, which is the outcome of the ASI on High Pressure Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Materials Science, illustrates new developments in the field of high pressure science. In fact, for chemists, biochemists, and materials scientists, pressure as an experimental variable represents a tool which provides unique information about systems of materials studied. It is interesting to note how the growth of the high pressure field is also reflected in the content of the recent ASI's dealing with this field. The ASI High Pressure Chemistry held in 1977 was followed by the ASI High Pressure Chemistry and Biochemistry held in 1986, and the coverage of the present ASI also includes applications to materials science. In view of the teaching character of the ASI, it is natural that main contributions to this volume present overviews of the different subfields or applications of high pressure research. In contrast, contributed papers offer more specialized aspects of various high pressure studies. The various contributions to this volume make clear the impressive range of fundamental and applied problems that can be studied by high pressure techniques, and also point towards a major growth of high pressure science and technology in the near future. This ASI focused mainly on advances achieved in the six years since the previous ASI devoted to the high pressure field. The organization of this volume is as follows.
Download or read book Science and Technology of High Pressure written by Murli H. Manghnani and published by Universities Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These books presents a wide spectrum of research and development activities in the field of High Pressure Science and Technology. These book provide comprehensive and interdisciplinary descriptions of recent research accomplishments in the biological, chemical, Earth, materrals, physical, physiological and related sciences.
Download or read book Advances in Cryogenic Engineering written by K. D. Timmerhaus and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Bureau of Standards Boulder Laboratories at Boulder, Colorado once again served as the host for the 1972 Cryogenic Engineering Conference. For the Cryogenic Engineering Conference it was like coming horne, for it was at the NBS Boulder Laboratories that the Cryogenic Engineering Conference was first conceived and held m 1954m connection with the dedication ofthe NBS Boulder Laboratories by President Dwight D. Eisenhower. The Cryogenic Engineering Conference IS grateful for the continuing support that the National Bureau of Standards has gIVen over the years, and which was expanded on July 1, 1971 when the NBS Boulder Laboratories assumed the secretariat function of the Conference from the National Academy of Sciences. Because of common interests in heat transfer, the 1972 Cryogemc Engineering Conference worked with the 13th National Heat Transfer Conference to develop a joint program m heat transfer. A majority ofthe papers presented in this cooperative effort are incIuded m V olume 18 of the Advances zn Cryogenic Engineerzng through the kmd permission ofthe 13th NatIOnal Heat Transfer Conference and are acknowl edged accordingly.
Download or read book Physics of Strongly Coupled Plasma written by Vladimir Fortov and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2006-11-09 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is devoted to the physics of plasma at high density, which has been compressed so strongly that the effects of interparticle interactions and non-ideality govern its behavior. Interest in this non-traditional plasma has been generated in recent years when states of matter with high concentration of energy became accessible experimentally as the basis of modern technologies and facilities. The greatest part of the matter in the Universe is in this exotic state. In this book, the methods of generation and diagnostics of strongly coupled plasmas are presented, along with the main theoretical methods and experimental results on thermodynamical, kinetic and optical properties. Particular attention is given to fast developing modern directions of strongly coupled plasma physics such as metallization of dielectrics and dielectrization of metals, non-neutral plasmas, dusty plasmas and their crystallization. The book is written for physicists and astrophysicists, engineers, and material scientists.
Download or read book Hydrogen at High Pressure and Temperatures written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogen at high pressures and temperatures is challenging scientifically and has many real and potential applications. Minimum metallic conductivity of fluid hydrogen is observed at 140 GPa and 2600 K, based on electrical conductivity measurements to 180 GPa (1.8 Mbar), tenfold compression, and 3000 K obtained dynamically with a two-stage light-gas gun. Conditions up to 300 GPa, sixfold compression, and 30,000 K have been achieved in laser-driven Hugoniot experiments. Implications of these results for the interior of Jupiter, inertial confinement fusion, and possible uses of metastable solid hydrogen, if the metallic fluid could be quenched from high pressure, are discussed.
Download or read book High Pressure Research written by Murli H. Manghnani and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 659 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-Pressure Research: Applications in Geophysics contains the papers presented during a U.S.-Japan joint seminar held in Honolulu, Hawaii, 6-9 July 1976. The seminar brought together scientists engaged in high pressure-high temperature research to exchange ideas on the latest state-of-the-art developments, their experimental results, and their latest interpretations with regard to the significance of these results to the geophysical sciences in general. Four formal sessions were held. Of the forty-two papers presented at the seminar, thirty-nine appear as contributed papers and three as abstracts in this volume. The papers in Session I examine the geophysics and geochemistry of the crust and upper mantle. The contributions in Session II focus on phase transitions related to Earth's deep interior. Session III is devoted equations of state and shock wave experiments while Session IV covers instrumentation, pressure calibration, and standardization.
Download or read book Planetary Sciences written by Imke de Pater and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-12-06 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive coverage of this fascinating and expanding field at a level appropriate for graduate students and researchers.
Download or read book Plasma Physics written by Andreas Dinklage and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-06-09 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma Physics: Confinement, Transport and Collective Effects provides an overview of modern plasma research with special focus on confinement and related issues. Beginning with a broad introduction, the book leads graduate students and researchers – also those from related fields - to an understanding of the state-of-the-art in modern plasma physics. Furthermore, it presents a methodological cross section ranging from plasma applications and plasma diagnostics to numerical simulations, the latter providing an increasingly important link between theory and experiment. Effective references guide the reader from introductory texts through to contemporary research. Some related exercises in computational plasma physics are supplied on a special web site
Download or read book Metal to Nonmetal Transitions written by Ronald Redmer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-10 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal-to-Nonmetal Transitions presents the current research in the field from both physical and chemical perspectives. Discussions of the macroscopic, microscopic and quantum aspects of these transitions make this a useful reference for researchers and students.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of the Solar System written by Lucy-Ann McFadden and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-12-18 with total page 987 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Long before Galileo published his discoveries about Jupiter, lunar craters, and the Milky Way in the Starry Messenger in 1610, people were fascinated with the planets and stars around them. That interest continues today, and scientists are making new discoveries at an astounding rate. Ancient lake beds on Mars, robotic spacecraft missions, and new definitions of planets now dominate the news. How can you take it all in? Start with the new Encyclopedia of the Solar System, Second Edition.This self-contained reference follows the trail blazed by the bestselling first edition. It provides a framework for understanding the origin and evolution of the solar system, historical discoveries, and details about planetary bodies and how they interact—and has jumped light years ahead in terms of new information and visual impact. Offering more than 50% new material, the Encyclopedia includes the latest explorations and observations, hundreds of new color digital images and illustrations, and more than 1,000 pages. It stands alone as the definitive work in this field, and will serve as a modern messenger of scientific discovery and provide a look into the future of our solar system.· Forty-seven chapters from 75+ eminent authors review fundamental topics as well as new models, theories, and discussions· Each entry is detailed and scientifically rigorous, yet accessible to undergraduate students and amateur astronomers· More than 700 full-color digital images and diagrams from current space missions and observatories amplify the chapters· Thematic chapters provide up-to-date coverage, including a discussion on the new International Astronomical Union (IAU) vote on the definition of a planet· Information is easily accessible with numerous cross-references and a full glossary and index
