Download or read book High performance Compact Gas Filled Spark Switches written by Michael G. Hogg and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gas filled spark switches are used extensively in pulsed power systems for their high rate of dV/dt, dI/dt, fast closing times with low jitter, and their high voltage and current capability. Recently there has been a renewed interest in designing spark switches that can operate with environmentally friendly gases such as air. This thesis presents an investigation into gas filled plasma closing (spark) switches. Investigating the utilisation of pre-breakdown corona discharge to increase the performance of spark switches operating in environmentally friendly gases is a re-occurring novelty throughout this study. To achieve the aim of this thesis, a number of separate approaches were adopted. In Chapter 2 a comprehensive literature review of pulsed power and plasma switches is presented. Breakdown voltage, time delay to breakdown and its jitter are compared as are different electrode topologies and triggering mechanisms. Chapter 3 describes the experimental systems that were specially designed and built, including the design of a computer (LabVIEW) controlled high voltage system and a precision pneumatic control system. Chapter 4 presents a comprehensive unique investigation into a range of topologies: plane-plane, sphere-sphere, and cone-plane filled with air, nitrogen, and a 60%/40% nitrogen/oxygen mixture. Building on Chapter 4, Chapter 5 presents an investigation of the breakdown voltage of point-plane topologies with varying point radii and for the first time a new parameter "critical electrode separation", dcrit, was identified where positive and negative have equal breakdown voltages. A standalone investigation into the corona discharge in point-plane topology is analysed in Chapter 6 to explain the effects of corona discharge on the self-breakdown voltage. Triggered switches are used extensively in pulsed power systems such as high-voltage pulse generators. A new approach to triggering a switch is investigated in Chapter 7, where a triggering impulse is superimposed on to a DC energised spark switch to initiate breakdown, with breakdown time delays of ~20 ns and jitter of ~1-2 ns. In Chapter 8, a multi-stage spark switch was designed with point-plane topology from the results in Chapter 5, to investigate the impact of multi-stages on the breakdown voltage, corona discharge, time delay, and its jitter. It was established that, with negative energisation, a range of DC energisation levels could be identified that would allow the switches to operate with jitter of ~1-2 ns in a corona stabilised region with increased breakdown voltage. The final section of this thesis in Chapter 9 introduces post-breakdown plasma resistance and inductance consideration. A new method of simulating transient plasma resistance and inductance of plasma channel using PSpice software is presented. This new approach to simulating plasma resistance and inductance can lead to the development of much more accurate plasma resistance models and more accurate modelling of pulsed power systems with multiple spark switches such as pulse generators.
Download or read book Low profile High voltage Compact Gas Switch written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses the development and testing of a low-profile, high-voltage, spark-gap switch designed to be closely coupled with other components into an integrated high-energy pulsed-power source. The switch is designed to operate at 100 kV using SF6 gas pressurized to less than 0.7 MPa. The volume of the switch cavity region is less than 1.5 cm3, and the field stress along the gas-dielectric interface is as high as 130 kV/cm. The dielectric switch body has a low profile that is only I -cm tall at its greatest extent and nominally 2-mm thick over most of its area. This design achieves a very low inductance of less than 5 nH, but results in field stresses exceeding 500 kV/cm in the dielectric material. Field modeling was done to determine the appropriate shape for the highly stressed insulator and electrodes, and special manufacturing techniques were employed to mitigate the usual mechanisms that induce breakdown and failure in solid dielectrics. Static breakdown tests verified that the switch operates satisfactorily at 100 kV levels. The unit has been characterized with different shaped electrodes having nominal gap spacings of 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mm. The relationship between self-break voltage and operating pressure agrees well with published data on gas properties, accounting for the field enhancements of the electrode shapes being used. Capacitor discharge tests in a low inductance test fixture exhibited peak currents up to 25 kA with characteristic frequencies of the ringdown circuit ranging from 10 to 20 MHz. The ringdown waveforms and scaling of measured parameters agree well with circuit modeling of the switch and test fixture. Repetitive operation has been demonstrated at moderate rep-rates up to 15 Hz, limited by the power supply being used. Preliminary tests to evaluate lifetime of the compact switch assembly have been encouraging. In one case, after more than 7,000 high-current ringdown tests with approximately 30 C of total charge transferred, the switch continued to operate satisfactorily with no apparent tracking or deterioration of the insulator.
Download or read book Technical Digest written by Naval Surface Warfare Center (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gas Discharge Closing Switches written by Gerhard Schaefer and published by Springer. This book was released on 1990 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pulsed power technology, in the simplest of terms, usually concerns the storage of electrical energy over relatively long times and then its rapid release over a comparatively short period. However, if we leave the definition at that, we miss a multitude of aspects that are important in the ultimate application of pulsed power. It is, in fact, the application of pulsed power technology to which this series of texts will be focused. Pulsed power in today's broader sense means "special power" as opposed to the tra ditional situation of high voltage impulse issues related to the utility industry. Since the pulsed power field is primarily application driven, it has principally an engineering flavor. Today' s applications span those from materials processing, such as metal forming by pulsed magnetic fields, to other varied applications, such as psy chedelic strobe lights or radar modulators. Very high peak power applications occur in research for inertial confinement fusion, the Strategic Defense Initiative and other historical defense uses. lri fact it is from this latter direction that pulsed power has real ized explosive growth over the past half century. Early thrusts were in electrically powered systems that simulated the environment or effects of nuclear weapons detonation. More recently it is being utilized as prime power sources for directed energy weapons, such as lasers, microwaves, particle beam weapons, and even mass drivers (kinetic energy weapons).
Download or read book Handbook Of Accelerator Physics And Engineering Third Edition written by Alexander Wu Chao and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2023-02-02 with total page 960 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited by internationally recognized authorities in the field, this expanded and updated new edition of the bestselling Handbook, containing many new articles, is aimed at the design and operation of modern particle accelerators. It is intended as a vade mecum for professional engineers and physicists engaged in these subjects. With a collection of more than 2000 equations, 300 illustrations and 500 graphs and tables, here one will find, in addition to common formulae of previous compilations, hard to find, specialized formulae, recipes and material data pooled from the lifetime experience of many of the world's most able practioners of the art and science of accelerators.The seven chapters include both theoretical and practical matters as well as an extensive glossary of accelerator types. Chapters on beam dynamics and electromagnetic and nuclear interactions deal with linear and nonlinear single particle and collective effects including spin motion, beam-environment, beam-beam, beam-electron, beam-ion and intrabeam interactions. The impedance concept and related calculations are dealt with at length as are the instabilities due to the various interactions mentioned. A chapter on operational considerations including discussions on the assessment and correction of orbit and optics errors, realtime feedbacks, generation of short photon pulses, bunch compression, phase-space exchange, tuning of normal and superconducting linacs, energy recovery linacs, free electron lasers, cryogenic vacuum systems, steady state microbuching, cooling, space-charge compensation, brightness of light sources, collider luminosity optimization and collision schemes, machine learning, multiple frequency rf systems, FEL seeding, ultrafast electron diffraction, and Gamma Factory. Chapters on mechanical and electrical considerations present material data and important aspects of component design including heat transfer and refrigeration. Hardware systems for particle sources, feedback systems, confinement, including undulators, and acceleration (both normal and superconducting) receive detailed treatment in a sub-systems chapter, beam measurement and apparatus being treated therein as well.A detailed name and subject index is provided together with reliable references to the literature where the most detailed information available on all subjects treated can be found.
Download or read book Handbook Of Accelerator Physics And Engineering 2nd Edition written by Alexander Wu Chao and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013-03-25 with total page 849 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited by internationally recognized authorities in the field, this expanded and updated new edition of the bestselling Handbook, containing more than 100 new articles, is aimed at the design and operation of modern particle accelerators. It is intended as a vade mecum for professional engineers and physicists engaged in these subjects. With a collection of more than 2000 equations, 300 illustrations and 500 graphs and tables, here one will find, in addition to the common formulae of previous compilations, hard-to-find, specialized formulae, recipes and material data pooled from the lifetime experience of many of the world's most able practitioners of the art and science of accelerators.The eight chapters include both theoretical and practical matters as well as an extensive glossary of accelerator types. Chapters on beam dynamics and electromagnetic and nuclear interactions deal with linear and nonlinear single particle and collective effects including spin motion, beam-environment, beam-beam, beam-electron, beam-ion and intrabeam interactions. The impedance concept and related calculations are dealt with at length as are the instabilities associated with the various interactions mentioned. A chapter on operational considerations includes discussions on the assessment and correction of orbit and optics errors, real-time feedbacks, generation of short photon pulses, bunch compression, tuning of normal and superconducting linacs, energy recovery linacs, free electron lasers, cooling, space-charge compensation, brightness of light sources, collider luminosity optimization and collision schemes. Chapters on mechanical and electrical considerations present material data and important aspects of component design including heat transfer and refrigeration. Hardware systems for particle sources, feedback systems, confinement and acceleration (both normal conducting and superconducting) receive detailed treatment in a subsystems chapter, beam measurement techniques and apparatus being treated therein as well. The closing chapter gives data and methods for radiation protection computations as well as much data on radiation damage to various materials and devices.A detailed name and subject index is provided together with reliable references to the literature where the most detailed information available on all subjects treated can be found.
Download or read book Induction Accelerators written by Ken Takayama and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-05 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A broad class of accelerators rests on the induction principle whereby the accelerating electrical fields are generated by time-varying magnetic fluxes. Particularly suitable for the transport of bright and high-intensity beams of electrons, protons or heavy ions in any geometry (linear or circular) the research and development of induction accelerators is a thriving subfield of accelerator physics. This text is the first comprehensive account of both the fundamentals and the state of the art about the modern conceptual design and implementation of such devices. Accordingly, the first part of the book is devoted to the essential features of and key technologies used for induction accelerators at a level suitable for postgraduate students and newcomers to the field. Subsequent chapters deal with more specialized and advanced topics.
Download or read book Foundations of Pulsed Power Technology written by Jane Lehr and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-07-24 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the foundation of pulse power technology in detail to optimize the technology in modern engineering settings Pulsed power technologies could be an answer to many cutting-edge applications. The challenge is in how to develop this high-power/high-energy technology to fit current market demands of low-energy consuming applications. This book provides a comprehensive look at pulsed power technology and shows how it can be improved upon for the world of today and tomorrow. Foundations of Pulsed Power Technology focuses on the design and construction of the building blocks as well as their optimum assembly for synergetic high performance of the overall pulsed power system. Filled with numerous design examples throughout, the book offers chapter coverage on various subjects such as: Marx generators and Marx-like circuits; pulse transformers; pulse-forming lines; closing switches; opening switches; multi-gigawatt to multi-terawatt systems; energy storage in capacitor banks; electrical breakdown in gases; electrical breakdown in solids, liquids and vacuum; pulsed voltage and current measurements; electromagnetic interference and noise suppression; and EM topology for interference control. In addition, the book: Acts as a reference for practicing engineers as well as a teaching text Features relevant design equations derived from the fundamental concepts in a single reference Contains lucid presentations of the mechanisms of electrical breakdown in gaseous, liquid, solid and vacuum dielectrics Provides extensive illustrations and references Foundations of Pulsed Power Technology will be an invaluable companion for professionals working in the fields of relativistic electron beams, intense bursts of light and heavy ions, flash X-ray systems, pulsed high magnetic fields, ultra-wide band electromagnetics, nuclear electromagnetic pulse simulation, high density fusion plasma, and high energy- rate metal forming techniques.
Download or read book Digest of Technical Papers written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lamps and Lighting written by M.A. Cayless and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-08-21 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive guide to the theory and practice of lighting. Covering the physics of light production, light sources, circuits and a wide variety of lighting applications, it is both suitable as a detailed textbook and as thoroughly practical guide for practising lighting engineers. This fourth edition of Lamps and Lighting has been completely updated with new chapters on the latest lamp technology and applications. The editors ahve called upon a wide range of expertise and as a result many sections have been broadened to include both European and US practice. The book begins with a description of the fundamentals of light, vision, colour and measurement. Part II, the main section of the book, deals with lamps and control equipment and includes descriptions of all lamp types in use today. Part III on lighting covers both interior and exterior applications.
Download or read book Advanced Electroporation Techniques in Biology and Medicine written by Andrei G. Pakhomov and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-06-02 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A reflection of the intense study of the effects of electromagnetic fields on living tissues that has taken place during the last decades, Advanced Electroporation Techniques in Biology and Medicine summarizes most recent experimental findings and theories related to permeabilization of biomembranes by pulsed electric fields. Edited by experts and
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 1176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Electrical Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1909 with total page 1106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electrical World written by and published by . This book was released on 1911 with total page 1682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Popular Mechanics written by and published by . This book was released on 1975-10 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Popular Mechanics inspires, instructs and influences readers to help them master the modern world. Whether it’s practical DIY home-improvement tips, gadgets and digital technology, information on the newest cars or the latest breakthroughs in science -- PM is the ultimate guide to our high-tech lifestyle.
Download or read book Popular Science written by and published by . This book was released on 1976-02 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Popular Science gives our readers the information and tools to improve their technology and their world. The core belief that Popular Science and our readers share: The future is going to be better, and science and technology are the driving forces that will help make it better.
