Download or read book High frequency Internal Waves in the Upper Eastern Equatorial Pacific written by Andrew P. Mack and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Observation of High Frequency Internal Waves in the Pacific Ocean written by Robert Libman Zalkan and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Observations of high frequency internal waves were made from 1 to 14 December 1966, in the deep sea off Baja, California. The fluctuations of the depth of an isotherm were measured with a three-element horizontal array attached to a stable platform. The waves are characterized as a broad band phenomenon with a continuous distribution in frequency. For short intervals of time, a narrow frequency band within the continuum is adequately described as a horizontally plane wave of a single vertical mode. Furthermore, this simplified structure is stationary over time spans of several days. High modes are present in the low frequency waves. Above 4 cycles per hour, however, the first mode predominates. The spectral shape is consistent with the shear limited equilibrium spectrum proposed by Phillips (1966). In addition, the predominance of the first mode at high frequencies further emphasizes the importance of shear instability in internal wave propagation. The horizontal properties of the wave field indicate well-defined directions of narrow-band propagation. These directions and the dispersive properties of the propagation have led to the identification of local topographic features in generating areas of internal waves. (Author).
Download or read book Upper Ocean Internal Waves in the Central Equatorial Pacific written by Timothy John Boyd and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Observation of High Frequency Internal Waves in the Pacific Ocean written by Robert Libman ZALKAN and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dynamics of Internal Gravity Waves in the Ocean written by Yu.Z. Miropol'sky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph creates a systematic interpretation of the theoretical and the most actual experimental aspects of the internal wave dynamics in the ocean. Firstly, it draws attention to the important physical effects from an oceanographical point of view which are presented in mathematical descriptions. Secondly, the book serves as an introduction to the range of modern ideas and the methods in the study of wave processes in dispersive media. The book is meant for specialists in physics of the ocean, oceanography, geophysics, hydroacoustics.
Download or read book Interpretation of Equatorial Current Meter Data as Internal Waves written by Martin Benno Blumenthal and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 852 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Garrett and Munk use linear dynamics to synthesize frequency-wavenumber energy spectra for internal waves (GM72, GM75, GM79). The GM internal wave models are horizontally isotropic, vertically symmetric, purely propagating, and universal in both time and space. This set of properties effectively eliminates all the interesting physics, since such models do not allow localized sources and sinks of energy. Thus an important step in understanding internal wave dynamics is to make measurements of deviations from the simple GM models. This thesis continues the search for deviations from the GM models. It has three advantages over earlier work: extensive data from an equatorial region, long time series (2 years), and relatively sophisticated linear internal wave models. Since the GM models are based on mid-latitude data, having data from an equatorial region which has a strong mean current system offers an opportunity to examine a region with a distinctly different basic state. The longer time series mean there is a larger statistical ensemble of realizations, making it possible to detect smaller internal wave signals. The internal wave models include several important extensions to the GM models: horizontal anisotropy and vertical asymmetry, resolution between standing modes and propagating waves, general vertical structure, and kinematic effects of mean shear flow. Also investigated are the effects of scattering on internal waves, effects that are especially strong on the equator because the buoyancy frequency variability is a factor of ten higher than at mid-latitudes. In the high frequency internal wave field considered (frequencies between .125 cph and .458 cph), several features are found that are not included in the GM models. Both the kinematic effects of a mean shear flow and the phase-locking that distinguishes standing modes from propagating waves are observed. There is a seasonal dependence in energy level of roughly 10% of the mean level. At times the wave field is zonally and vertically asymmetric, with resulting energy fluxes that are a small (4% to 10%) fraction of the maximum energy flux the internal wave field could support. The fluxes are, however, as big as many of the postulated sources of energy for the internal wave field.
Download or read book A Satellite Study of Ocean Internal Waves written by Constance Sawyer and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Observations of Internal Waves in the Upper Ocean written by Robert Pinkel and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Profiles of temperature versus depth in the top 440 m of the sea were taken repeatedly at three horizontal locations surrounding the Research Platform FLIP. The time fluctuation of the temperature profiles was used to determine isotherm displacement and slope variation in the region 60-400 m. Measurements were taken during three FLIP operations. Two were off the California coast, in November 1972 and June 1973. Horizontal and vertical coherence measurements indicate that the internal wavefield can be divided into two frequency regions. Above 2 cph the bandwidth of energetic horizontal and vertical wavenumbers is comparatively narrow. The isotherm displacement spectrum and slope spectrum have irregular slopes. A comparison of the two spectra indicate that first mode is strongly dominant. Below 2 cph, the bandwidth of energetic wavenumbers is broader, corresponding to many energetic modes.
Download or read book Journal of Physical Oceanography written by and published by . This book was released on 2004-04 with total page 796 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Internal Gravity Waves in the Equatorial Pacific written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mixing in the ocean surface layer is an important process in the transport of heat, momentum, and CO[sub 2] into the deep ocean, For example, the flux of heat into the cold, upwelling water in equatorial regions provides one of the major heat sources driving the ocean circulation. Direct measurements of the ocean mixed layer have provided good estimates of the bulk layer properties. However, estimates of the small-scale effects of intenial waves and related turbulence have remained ambiguous because of the difficulty in observing these processes. Until more detailed measurements become available, numerical models can provide a convenient and cost-effective way to analyze the details of the surface mixed layer. Modeling the surface layer of the equatorial Pacific Ocean is challenging because of the strong vertical current shear and density stratification common to the region. The primary zonal current is the eastward flowing Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) centered at roughly 120 m depth, with a speed of about 1.5 ms[sup [minus]1] as shown in Figure 1. The EUC is forced by a zonal pressure gradient resulting from the westward directed surface wind stress. Above the EUC, the wind stress directly forces thee South Equatorial Current (SEC), which flows westward with a speed of about 0.5 ms[sup [minus]1]. The shear zone generated by these currents is marginally stable and exhibits a diurnal cycle of turbulence dependent on convection forced by surface cooling. In addition, surface convection forces internal gravity waves, which can transport momentum away from the surface current to deeper waters. In this report, we discuss recent modeling results for the equatorial Pacific showing the generation of convection, turbulence, and internal waves.
Download or read book The Near Surface Layer of the Ocean written by Alexander Soloviev and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-02-21 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until the 1980s, a tacit agreement among many physical oceanographers was that nothing deserving attention could be found in the upper few meters of the ocean. The lack of adequete knowledge about the near-surface layer of the ocean was mainly due to the fact that the widely used oceanographic instruments (such as bathythermographs, CTDs, current meters, etc.) were practically useless in the upper few meters of the ocean. Interest in the ne- surface layer of the ocean rapidly increased along with the development of remote sensing techniques. The interpretation of ocean surface signals sensed from satellites demanded thorough knowledge of upper ocean processes and their connection to the ocean interior. Despite its accessibility to the investigator, the near-surface layer of the ocean is not a simple subject of experimental study. Random, sometimes huge, vertical motions of the ocean surface due to surface waves are a serious complication for collecting quality data close to the ocean surface. The supposedly minor problem of avoiding disturbances from ships’ wakes has frustrated several generations of oceanographers attempting to take reliable data from the upper few meters of the ocean. Important practical applications nevertheless demanded action, and as a result several pioneering works in the 1970s and 1980s laid the foundation for the new subject of oceanography – the near-surface layer of the ocean.
Download or read book High Resolution Numerical Modelling of the Atmosphere and Ocean written by Kevin Hamilton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-25 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly relevant text documents the first international meeting focused specifically on high-resolution atmospheric and oceanic modeling. It was held recently at the Earth Simulator Center in Yokohama, Japan. Rather than producing a standard conference proceedings volume, the editors have decided to compose this volume entirely of papers written by invited speakers at the meeting, who report on their most exciting recent results involving high resolution modeling.
Download or read book Marine Optics written by N.G. Jerlov and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1976-01-01 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine Optics
Download or read book The Near Surface Layer of the Ocean written by Alexander Soloviev and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-09 with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rationale for publishing a second edition of this monograph is that this area of research continues to show remarkable advancement. The new generation of synthetic aperture radar satellites has provided unprecedented spatial resolution of sea surface features. In addition, satellites to measure sea surface salinity have been launched. Computational fluid dynamics models open new opportunities in understanding the processes in the near-surface layer of the ocean and their visibility from space. Passive acoustic methods for monitoring short surface waves have significantly progressed. Of importance for climate research, processes in the near-surface layer of the ocean contribute to errors in satellite estimates of sea surface temperature trends. Due to growing applications of near-surface science, it is anticipated that more students will be trained in this area of research. Therefore this second edition of the monograph is closer to a textbook format.
Download or read book Ocean Mixing written by Michael Meredith and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-09-16 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ocean Mixing: Drivers, Mechanisms and Impacts presents a broad panorama of one of the most rapidly-developing areas of marine science. It highlights the state-of-the-art concerning knowledge of the causes of ocean mixing, and a perspective on the implications for ocean circulation, climate, biogeochemistry and the marine ecosystem. This edited volume places a particular emphasis on elucidating the key future questions relating to ocean mixing, and emerging ideas and activities to address them, including innovative technology developments and advances in methodology. Ocean Mixing is a key reference for those entering the field, and for those seeking a comprehensive overview of how the key current issues are being addressed and what the priorities for future research are. Each chapter is written by established leaders in ocean mixing research; the volume is thus suitable for those seeking specific detailed information on sub-topics, as well as those seeking a broad synopsis of current understanding. It provides useful ammunition for those pursuing funding for specific future research campaigns, by being an authoritative source concerning key scientific goals in the short, medium and long term. Additionally, the chapters contain bespoke and informative graphics that can be used in teaching and science communication to convey the complex concepts and phenomena in easily accessible ways. Presents a coherent overview of the state-of-the-art research concerning ocean mixing Provides an in-depth discussion of how ocean mixing impacts all scales of the planetary system Includes elucidation of the grand challenges in ocean mixing, and how they might be addressed
Download or read book Propagation and Forcing of High Frequency Sea Level Variability in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific written by M. Pilar Cornejo-Rodriguez and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sea level and wind data from coastal and island stations from Buenaventura, Colombia (4°N) to Callao, Peru (12°S) have been analyzed for the 1979-1984 time period, to describe the seasonal and interannual variations in the characteristics of short time scale variability (1-2 weeks). Auto- and cross spectral analyses are used to make comparisons between Austral summers and winters as well as interannual comparisons between the 1982-1983 El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) period and non-ENSO years. The principal results show weak evidence of local forcing of the sea level by the alongshore wind during the whole year without significant differences between summer and winter seasons. The alongshore coherence and phase spectra between the sea level series show evidence of poleward propagating fluctuations at speeds of 2.6-3.0 ms^-1 during winter, but no propagation is evident during summer. There is also a large energy increase in coastal sea level, especially in the 8-11 day band, during the 1982-1983 ENSO episode. This increase is associated with a non-dispersive, poleward propagation of events at speeds of 3.11-3.6 ms^-1. The propagating fluctuations are superimposed on a weak, locally forced variability. The only plausible source for the observed coastal fluctuations appears to be trapped waves in the equatorial waveguide. Additional equatorial data from subsurface pressure gauges in the Galapagos Islands and inverted echo sounders at 3°N,95°W, 3°N,85°W and 2°S,85°W are used to explore the possibility that the coastal signal during the 1982-1983 ENSO episode is connected to the arrival of energy in the form of equatorially trapped Rossby-gravity (Yanai) and Kelvin waves, and to determine the respective contributions of the two wave types. Cross spectral analyses, frequency domain EOF analysis and the characteristics of equatorial waves demonstrate that equatorially trapped Yanai waves are the principal source of the propagating signals in the coastal sea levels during the 1982-1983 ENSO. During the 1982-1983 ENSO, between 64% and 91% of the coastal SLH variability in the 8-11 day period band is associated with antisymmetric variability across the equator. Phase in this band is zonally invariant along the equator but is poleward propagating along the coast, consistent with the conversion of stationary, equatorial lanai waves into coastal trapped waves.
Download or read book Dynamic Instability of Stratified Shear Flow in the Upper Equatorial Pacific written by Chaojiao Sun and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
