Download or read book High efficiency Thin film Cadmium Telluride Photovoltaic Cells Annual Subcontract Report January 20 1995 January 19 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This annual report covers the second year of a 3-year NREL subcontract with the University of Toledo that is focused on improvements in efficiency for radio frequency (rf)-sputtered CdS/CdTe solar cells. In earlier work supported by NREL, the University of Toledo established the viability of two new deposition methods for CdS/CdTe solar cells by fabricating cells with efficiencies greater than 10% at air mass (AM) 1.5 on soda lime glass for all-sputtered cells and also for all-laser-deposited cells. Most of the effort has been placed on radio frequency sputtering (RFS) because it was judged to be more economical and more easily scaled to large-area deposition. However, laser physical vapor deposition (LPVD) has remained the method of choice for the deposition of CdCl2 layers and also for the exploration of new materials such as the ternary alloys including CdS(subscript x) Te{sub 1-x} and dopants such as Cu in ZnTe.
Download or read book High efficiency Thin film Cadmium Telluride Photovoltaic Cells written by Alvin D. Compaan and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This annual report covers the second year of a 3-year NREL subcontract with the University of Toledo that is focused on improvements in efficiency for radio frequency (rf)-sputtered CdS/CdTe solar cells. In earlier work supported by NREL, the University of Toledo established the viability of two new deposition methods for CdS/CdTe solar cells by fabricating cells with efficiencies greater than 10% at air mass (AM) 1.5 on soda lime glass for 'all-sputtered' cells and also for 'all-laser-deposited' cells. Most of our effort has been placed on radio frequency sputtering (RFS) because it was judged to be more economical and more easily scaled to large-area deposition. However, laser physical vapor deposition (LPVD) has remained our method of choice for the deposition of CdCl2 layers and also for the exploration of new materials such as the ternary alloys including CdSxTe1-x and dopants such as Cu in ZnTe.
Download or read book High efficiency Thin film Cadmium Telluride Photovoltaic Cells written by A. D. Compaan and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High efficiency Thin film Cadmium Telluride Photovoltaic Cells written by A. D. Compaan and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High efficiency Thin film Cadmium Telluride Photovoltaic Cells written by Alvin D. Compaan and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The University of Toledo (UT) photovoltaics group was instrumental in developing radio-frequency (rf) sputtering for CdS/CdTe thin-film solar cells. During the third phase of the present contract, the work focused on efforts to determine factors that limit the efficiency in "all- sputtered" thin-film CdTe solar cells on soda-lime glass. Researchers found that all-sputtered cells, which are deposited at substantially lower temperature than those by sublimation or vapor deposition, require less aggressive CdCl2 treatments than do other deposition techniques and this is presumably related to CdS/CdTe interdiffusion. The CdS/CdTe interdiffusion has been studied by several methods, including photoluminescence and capacitance-voltage measurements. Researchers also deposited special thin bilayer films on quartz and borosilicate glass. Also, to better understand the properties of the ternary alloy material, they used laser physical vapor deposition to prepare a series of CdSxTe1-x films on borosilicate glass. In addition to efforts focused on factors that may be unique to rf- sputtered cells, researchers participated in activities emphasizing common issues in CdTe thin-film solar cells. Researchers prepared cells on both 7059 borosilicate glass with conducting tin oxide layers deposited at the University of South Florida (USF) and on soda- lime glass with textured SnO2 from LOF. Including the work from the previous phase, researchers have now fabricated seven types of cells with CdS thicknesses of 300, 200, 100, 80, 60, 20, and 0 nm. For each CdS thickness, cells on the 7059 and soda-lime superstrates were prepared side-by-side through all steps in the preparation to facilitate direct comparisons. The 7059/USF SnO2 superstrates had much better performance for CdS thicknesses of 100 nm and below, with the major differences occurring in the open- circuit voltage. One set of cells prepared without CdS by sputtering CdTe directly on the 7059 USF SnO2 superstrates showed an initial Voc of 760 mV and initial efficiency of 8.7%. Other characterization measurements in use at UT include temperature-dependent Hall effect and electrical conductivity, current-voltage (I-V), spectral quantum efficiency (SQE), and frequency-dependent capacitance- voltage (C-V) measurements.
Download or read book Synerjy written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High efficiency Thin film Cadmium Telluride Photovoltaic Cells Annual Technical Report January 20 1996 January 19 1997 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The University of Toledo photovoltaics group has been instrumental in developing rf sputtering for CDs/CdTe thin-film solar cells. During the third phase of the present contract our work focussed on efforts to determine factors which limit the efficiency in our {open_quotes}all-sputtered{close_quotes} thin-film CdTe solar cells on soda-lime glass. We find that our all-sputtered cells, which are deposited at substantially lower temperature than those by sublimation or vapor deposition, require less aggressive CdCl2 treatments than do other deposition techniques and this is presumably related to CDs/CdTe interdiffusion. The CDs/CdTe interdiffusion process has been studied by several methods, including photoluminescence and capacitance-voltage measurements. Furthermore, we have deposited special thin bilayer films on quartz and borosilicate glass. Interdiffusion in these thin bilayers have been probed by Rutherford backscattering, with collaborators at Case Western Reserve University, and grazing incidence x-ray scattering (GIXS), with collaborators at the University at Buffalo and Brookhaven National Lab. Also, in order better to understand the properties of the ternary alloy material, we used laser physical vapor deposition to prepare a series of CdS(subscript x)Te{sub 1-x} films on borosilicate glass. The composition of the alloy films was determined by wavelength dispersive x-ray spectroscopy at NREL. These films are currently being investigated by us and other groups at NREL and IEC.
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Efficiency Thin Film Cadmium Telluride Photovoltaic Cells Final Subcontract Report Final Technical Report 21 January 1994 31 March 1998 written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes work performed during the past year by The University of Toledo photovoltaics group. Researchers continued to develop rf sputtering for CdS/CdTe thin-film solar cells and to optimize the post-deposition process steps to match the characteristics of the sputtering process. During the fourth phase of the present contract, we focused on determining factors that limit the efficiency in our ''all-sputtered'' thin-film CdTe solar cells on soda-lime glass. These issues include controlling CdS/CdTe interdiffusion, understanding the properties of the CdS(subscript x)Te{sub 1-x} alloy, optimizing process conditions for CdCl2 treatments, manipulating the influence of ion bombardment during rf sputtering, and understanding the role of copper in quenching photoluminescence and carrier lifetimes in CdTe. To better understand the important CdS/CdTe interdiffusion process, we have continued our collaboration with the University at Buffalo and Brookhaven National Synchrotron Light Source in measurements using grazing-incidence X-rays. Interdiffusion results in the formation of the ternary alloy material CdS(subscript x)Te{sub 1-x} at or near the heterojunction, where its properties are critical to the operation of the solar cell. We have placed significant effort on characterizing this alloy, an effort begun in the last phase. A complete set of films spanning the alloy range, prepared by pulsed-laser deposition, has now been characterized by wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and optical absorption at NREL; by Raman scattering, X-ray diffraction, and electrical measurements in our lab; and by spectroscopic ellipsometry at Brooklyn College. We continued to participate in cooperative activity with the CdTe National Team. We prepared a series of depositions on borosilicate glass substrates having doped SnO2 layers coated with TiO2 (prepared by the University of South Florida and Harvard) and similar substrates having a resistive SnO2 layer on the doped tin oxide (fabricated by Golden Photon). The Golden Photon high-resistivity SnO2 structure yielded excellent cell performance.
Download or read book Thin film Cadmium Telluride Photovoltaic Cells written by Alvin D. Compaan and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thin film Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells written by Ting L. Chu and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High efficiency Thin film Cadmium Telluride Photovoltaic Cells written by Alvin D. Compaan and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polycrystalline Thin film Cadmium telluride Solar Cells Fabricated by Electrodeposition written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of High efficiency Thin film CdTe Solar Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polycrystalline Thin film Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells Fabricated by Electrodeposition written by J. U. Trefny and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High efficiency Thin film Cadmium Telluride Photovoltaic Cells written by Alvin D. Compaan and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cadmium Telluride Photovoltaic Manufacturing Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
