Download or read book High efficiency Cu In Ga Se2 Thin Film Solar Cells Without Intermediate Buffer Layers written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Alternative Buffer Layer Development in Cu In Ga Se2 Thin Film Solar Cells written by Peipei Xin and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cu(In,Ga)Se2-based thin film solar cells are considered to be one of the most promising photovoltaic technologies. Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar devices have the potential advantage of low-cost, fast fabrication by using semiconductor layers of only a few micrometers thick and high efficiency photovoltaics have been reported at both the cell and the module levels. CdS via chemical bath deposition (CBD) has been the most widely used buffer option to form the critical junction in CIGS-based thin film photovoltaic devices. However, the disadvantages of CdS can’t be ignored - regulations on cadmium usage are getting stricter primarily due to its toxicity and environmental impacts, and the proper handling of the large amount of toxic chemical bath waste is a massive and expensive task. ☐ This dissertation is devoted to the development of Cd-free alternative buffer layers in CIGS-based thin film solar cells. Based on the considerations of buffer layer selection criteria and extensive literature review, Zn-compound buffer materials are chosen as the primary investigation candidates. Radio frequency magnetron sputtering is the preferred buffer deposition approach since it’s a clean and more controllable technique compared to CBD, and is readily scaled to large area manufacturing. ☐ First, a comprehensive study of the ZnSe1-xOx compound prepared by reactive sputtering was completed. As the oxygen content in the reactive sputtering gas increased, ZnSe1-xOx crystallinity and bandgap decreased. It’s observed that oxygen miscibility in ZnSe was low and a secondary phase formed when the O2 / (O2 + Ar) ratio in the sputtering gas exceeded 2%. Two approaches were proposed to optimize the band alignment between the CIGS and buffer layer. One method focused on the bandgap engineering of the absorber, the other focused on the band structure modification of the buffer. As a result, improved current of the solar cell was achieved although a carrier transport barrier at the junction interface still limited the device performance. ☐ Second, an investigation of Zn(S,O) buffer layers was completed. Zn(S,O) films were sputtered in Ar using a ZnO0.7S0.3 compound target. Zn(S,O) films had the composition close to the target with S / (S+O) ratio around 0.3. Zn(S,O) films showed the wurtzite structure with the bandgap about 3.2eV. The champion Cu(In,Ga)Se2 / Zn(S,O) cell had 12.5% efficiency and an (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 / Zn(S,O) cell achieved 13.2% efficiency. Detailed device analysis was used to study the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 absorbers, the influence of absorber surface treatments, the effects of device treatments, the sputtering damage and the Na concentration in the absorber. ☐ Finally alternative buffer layer development was applied to an innovative superstrate CIGS configuration. The superstrate structure has potential benefits of improved window layer properties, cost reduction, and the possibility to implement back reflector engineering techniques. The application of three buffer layer options – CdS, ZnO and ZnSe was studied and limitations of each were characterized. The best device achieved 8.6% efficiency with a ZnO buffer. GaxOy formation at the junction interface was the main limiting factor of this device performance. For CdS / CIGS and ZnSe / CIGS superstrate devices extensive inter-diffusion between the absorber and buffer layer under CIGS growth conditions was the critical problem. Inter-diffusion severely deteriorated the junction quality and led to poorly behaved devices, despite different efforts to optimize the fabrication process.
Download or read book Structural and Chemical Analyses of Buffer Layers in Cu In Ga Se2 Thin film Solar Cells written by Daniel Abou-Ras and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advanced Characterization Techniques for Thin Film Solar Cells written by Daniel Abou-Ras and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-07-13 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on advanced characterization methods for thin-film solar cells that have proven their relevance both for academic and corporate photovoltaic research and development. After an introduction to thin-film photovoltaics, highly experienced experts report on device and materials characterization methods such as electroluminescence analysis, capacitance spectroscopy, and various microscopy methods. In the final part of the book simulation techniques are presented which are used for ab-initio calculations of relevant semiconductors and for device simulations in 1D, 2D and 3D. Building on a proven concept, this new edition also covers thermography, transient optoelectronic methods, and absorption and photocurrent spectroscopy.
Download or read book Solar Cells written by Tom Markvart and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-12-15 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The capture and use of solar energy has been growing for many years, but only in recent times have advances in design and manufacture allowed us to see the incorporation of solar energy as a significant player in the renewable energy arena. Solar cells are at the heart of any photovoltaic system and in this book the various types are described and their characteristics reviewed. Going beyond materials, design and function, ‘Solar Cells’ also covers their testing, monitoring and calibration thus providing a comprehensive account of current activity in this important field of research and industry. ‘Solar Cells’ has been abstracted from the recent ‘Practical Handbook of Photovoltaics’ by the same editors (ISBN 185617 3909. 2003: Elsevier) Internationally-respected contributors from industry and academia Abstracted from ‘The Practical Handbook of Photovoltaics' by the same Editors A comprehensive source-book on all aspects of solar cells
Download or read book Practical Handbook of Photovoltaics written by Augustin McEvoy and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 1269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook opens with an overview of solar radiation and how its energy can be tapped using photovoltaic cells. Other chapters cover the technology, manufacture and application of PV cells in real situations. The book ends by exploring the economic and business aspects of PV systems.
Download or read book Practical Handbook of Photovoltaics written by T. Markvart and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-10-30 with total page 1014 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook opens with an overview of solar radiation and how its energy can be tapped using photovoltaic cells. Other chapters cover the technology, manufacture and application of PV cells in real situations. The book ends by exploring the economic and business aspects of photovoltaics.
Download or read book Printable Solar Cells written by Nurdan Demirci Sankir and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-04-25 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Printable Solar Cells The book brings together the recent advances, new and cutting edge materials from solution process and manufacturing techniques that are the key to making photovoltaic devices more efficient and inexpensive. Printable Solar Cells provides an overall view of the new and highly promising materials and thin film deposition techniques for printable solar cell applications. The book is organized in four parts. Organic and inorganic hybrid materials and solar cell manufacturing techniques are covered in Part I. Part II is devoted to organic materials and processing technologies like spray coating. This part also demonstrates the key features of the interface engineering for the printable organic solar cells. The main focus of Part III is the perovskite solar cells, which is a new and promising family of the photovoltaic applications. Finally, inorganic materials and solution based thin film formation methods using these materials for printable solar cell application is discussed in Part IV. Audience The book will be of interest to a multidisciplinary group of fields, in industry and academia, including physics, chemistry, materials science, biochemical engineering, optoelectronic information, photovoltaic and renewable energy engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical and manufacturing engineering.
Download or read book Design of Window and Buffer Layers for an Improved Device Efficiency in Thin film Cu In Ga Se2 Solar Cells written by Johannes Löckinger and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chalcogenide Photovoltaics written by Roland Scheer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-03-31 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first comprehensive description of the most important material properties and device aspects closes the gap between general books on solar cells and journal articles on chalcogenide-based photovoltaics. Written by two very renowned authors with years of practical experience in the field, the book covers II-VI and I-III-VI2 materials as well as energy conversion at heterojunctions. It also discusses the latest semiconductor heterojunction models and presents modern analysis concepts. Thin film technology is explained with an emphasis on current and future techniques for mass production, and the book closes with a compendium of failure analysis in photovoltaic thin film modules. With its overview of the semiconductor physics and technology needed, this practical book is ideal for students, researchers, and manufacturers, as well as for the growing number of engineers and researchers working in companies and institutes on chalcogenide photovoltaics.
Download or read book Growing Cu In Ga Se2 Thin Film Solar Cells with High Efficiency and Low Production Costs written by Shihang Yang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two major approaches are performed to improve solar cell performances. Light trapping by etching AZO top contact for creating pyramid-structures to enhance light scattering. Efficiency is increased by more than 1.5% for solar cells with etched AZO surfaces. Solar cells with efficiency larger than 13% can be grown by using AZO etching. Another approach is by using suitable Ga content in absorber layer. Solar cells with efficiency as high as 14.17% are grown which makes thinner CIGS solar cells very competitive.
Download or read book Clean Electricity From Photovoltaics written by Mary D Archer and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2001-06-04 with total page 870 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photovoltaic cells provide clean, reversible electrical power from the sun. Made from semiconductors, they are durable, silent in operation and free of polluting emissions. In this book, experts from all sectors of the PV community — materials scientists, physicists, production engineers, economists and environmentalists — give their critical appraisals of where the technology is now and what its prospects are./a
Download or read book Cu In1 xGax Se2 Based Thin Film Solar Cells written by Subba Ramaiah Kodigala and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-01-03 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cu(In1-xGax)Se2 Based Thin Film Solar Cells provides valuable contents about the fabrication and characterization of chalcopyrite Cu(In1-xGax)Se2 based thin film solar cells and modules. The growth of chalcopyrite Cu(In1-xGax)(S1-ySey)2 absorbers, buffers, window layers, antireflection coatings, and finally metallic grids, which are the sole components of solar cells, is clearly illustrated. The absorber, which contains multiple elements, segregates secondary phases if the growth conditions are not well optimized i.e., the main drawback in the fabrication of solar cells. More importantly the solutions for the growth of thin films are given in detail. The properties of all the individual layers and single crystals including solar cells analyzed by different characterization techniques such as SEM, AFM, XPS, AES, TEM, XRD, optical, photoluminescence, and Raman spectroscopy are explicitly demonstrated. The electrical analyses such as conductivities, Hall mobilities, deep level transient spectroscopy measurements etc., provide a broad picture to understand thin films or single crystals and their solar cells. The book clearly explains the working principle of energy conversion from solar to electrical with basic sciences for the chalcopyrite based thin film solar cells. Also, it demonstrates important criteria on how to enhance efficiency of the solar cells and modules. The effect of environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, aging etc., on the devices is mentioned by citing several examples. - Illustrates a number of growth techniques to prepare thin film layers for solar cells - Discusses characterization techniques such as XRD, TEM, XPS, AFM, SEM, PL, CL, Optical measurements, and Electrical measurements - Includes I-V, C-V measurements illustrations - Provides analysis of solar cell efficiency - Presents current trends in thin film solar cells research and marketing
Download or read book The Role of the Heterointerfaces in the Cu In Ga Se2 Thin Film Solar Cell with Chemical Bath Deposited Buffer Layers written by Hong-Quang Nguyen and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nanoscale investigation of potential distribution in operating Cu In Ga Se2 thin film solar cells written by Zhenhao Zhang and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2014-10-16 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The distribution of the electrostatic potential in and between the materials in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cells has a major impact on their superior performance. This thesis reported on the nanoscale imaging of the electrostatic potential on untreated cross sections of operating Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells using Kelvin probe force microscopy.
Download or read book Development of Cu In Ga Se2 Solar Cell on Stainless Steel Substrate written by Chantana Jakapan and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2015-07-03 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electricity power is normally generated by burning fossil fuels, having detrimental impacts on the environment and will be depleted. One of the most appropriate ways to solve the foreseeable world's energy crisis is to utilize the power of the sun. Solar cells, using photovoltaic effect, are of wide interest as they can convert solar energy to electricity. Chalcopyrite based thin-film solar cell is considered as the low-cost and high-efficiency solar cells. One of the most important chalcopyrite compounds for photovoltaic application is Cu(In, Ga)Se2. Fabricating the solar cells on flexible substrates is intriguing, as it can be applied to the roll-to-roll process with the ability to reduce production cost of the solar cells. Consequently, the purpose of the book is to provide the overview for accomplishing the good physical properties and suitable double [Ga]/([Ga]+[In])-grading profiles of Cu(In, Ga)Se2 absorbers on flexible stainless steel substrates for the thin-film solar cells with high conversion efficiency (>15%
Download or read book High Efficient Low Cost Photovoltaics written by Vesselinka Petrova-Koch and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-27 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a bird’s-eye view of the recent development trends in photovoltaics – a big business field that is rapidly growing and well on its way to maturity. The book describes current efforts to develop highly efficient, low-cost photovoltaic devices based on crystalline silicon, III–V compounds, copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) and perovskite photovoltaic cells along with innovative, cost-competitive glass/ flexible tubular glass concentrator modules and systems, highlighting recent attempts to develop highly efficient, low-cost, flexible photovoltaic cells based on CIGS and perovskite thin films. This second edition presents, for the first time, the possible applications of perovskite modules together with Augsburger Tubular photovoltaics.
