Download or read book High Data rate Ultra Low power Backscatter Wireless Communication Systems for Brain computer Interfaces written by Eleftherios Kampianakis and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neural interfacing is a promising technology for effectively treating a multitude of challenging clinical conditions. Recent research has demonstrated that some tetraplegic patients can control robotic limbs using a brain-computer interface (BCI), signifying the beginning of an era wherein many forms of paralysis may be treatable with a neuro-prosthesis. However, the current state of the art is bulky, tethered, and impractical for applications outside a clinical lab setting. Moreover, current wireless communication approaches for brain computer interfaces (BCI) do not meet the necessary specifications for power, size, and bandwidth. In contrast, we developed fully integrated BCIs equipped with high data-rate and low power miniaturized wireless backscatter communication systems to enable the development of autonomous brain-controlled prosthetics. First, we proposed a wireless [mu]-Power, low-noise frequency mixing approach for extending the passband frequency response of existing neural interfaces. We demonstrated the translation of a pre-recorded mouse electrocorticogram from a frequency range of 0.5 Hz to 100 Hz up to an intermediate frequency (IF) of 407 Hz, thus enabling the use of an existing integrated circuit (IC) for electrocorticography (ECoG), despite its low-frequency cutoff of 12 Hz. Subsequently, we presented a dual-band implantable BCI that integrates 47%-efficient high frequency (HF) wireless power delivery into a 5 Mb/s ultra-high frequency (UHF) backscatter communication. The implant system supports ten neural channels sampled at 26.10 kHz and four electromyography (EMG) channels sampled at 1.628 kHz and can communicate with a custom software-defined-radio-based external system with a packet error ratio (PER) that is better than 0.19%~at an implant depth of up to 3 cm. Finally, in order to enable neural plasticity experiments inside the home cages of freely behaving animals, we developed a 25 Mbps backscatter-based data uplink for Neurochip 3 using a differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK) constellation. We statically collected 104 packets from 126 locations, and the system exhibited effectively 0% (PER) for all but two of the surveyed sites despite the reverberant cavity effects of the animal cage that critically impair the communication channel.

Download or read book Wireless Powered Backscatter Communications for Internet of Things written by Furqan Jameel and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-26 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides and assesses the techniques required for the realization of practical wireless-powered backscatter systems for large-scale and intelligent IoT networks. It explores the deployment, reliability, and security aspects of backscatter devices for both indoor and outdoor environments. The book also sheds light on some of the recently evolving technologies such as artificial intelligence/ machine learning, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), and multi-tone carrier techniques and identifies their application in backscatter communications. In addition, it offers a valuable blueprint for future studies in the domains of intelligent reflective surfaces, ambient backscatter communications and massive IoT networks.

Download or read book The NeuroDisc written by James Daniel Rosenthal and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Minimally-invasive tools for researching and treating neural disorders increasingly rely on high data rate, ultra-low-power wireless communication. This dissertation explores the use of backscatter communication to reduce the power consumption of wireless uplinks streaming high resolution neural telemetry. We present the development of the NeuroDisc, a custom wireless neural recorder leveraging a wireless backscatter uplink to obtain data rates of tens of megabits per second (Mbps) at orders of magnitude lower power consumption compared to commercially available alternatives, such as WiFi and Bluetooth. The design, analysis, and experimental validation of three different modulation techniques for backscatter communication are reported: (1) a 25 Mbps, 12.4 pJ/bit differential quadrature phase-shift keying (DQPSK) backscatter uplink for high rate telemetry; (2) a 1.0 Mbps, 198 pJ/bit Bluetooth Low Energy-compatible single sideband (SSB) frequency-shift keying (FSK) uplink for compatibility with off-the-shelf Bluetooth devices such as smartphones and tablets; and (3) a 1.25 Mbps, 160 pJ/bit all-digital orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) backscatter uplink with the potential to improve reliability in multipath environments. Using the 25 Mbps DQPSK backscatter uplink, we validate the end-to-end system through in vivo neural recordings from the primary motor cortex of an anesthetized pigtail macaque. In the context of wirelessly recording from non-human primates (NHP) using the NeuroDisc, we investigate the dense multipath interference exhibited in a standard metal NHP cage and propose a novel method using digitally-controlled mode stirring to improve the in situ reliability of low-power wireless communication. These developments advance the state-of-the-art in low power wireless communication and lay the ground work for future innovation in ultra-miniaturized, battery-free prosthetics for bioelectronic medicine.

Download or read book A High Data Rate Wireless Brain Computer Interface written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brain computer interface (BCI) taps into brain state and provides an associated quantitative assessment. It has potential for the real-time assessment of a person's cognitive state. BCI is a study to analyze characteristics of brain (Electrophysiology). Electrophysiology can be categorized into Invasive and Non-invasive methods. Electroencephalography (EEG) produced spontaneously during the process of thinking with frequency bands alpha waves, beta waves, theta waves and delta waves is one of the Non- Invasive methods. Electrocorticography (ECoG) is one of the invasive methods which records mu, beta and gamma frequency bands. In single unit recording, single or multi-neuron spiking and local field potential (LFP’s) are recorded. Invasive methods require surgery to implant electrodes inside the skull. A wireless interface is required to transfer brain data from BCI circuitry to host interface. Wireless transmission module eliminates the inconvenience of wiring and reduce risk of contamination. The wireless link implemented in this study has ability to switch among classic Bluetooth protocol, Bluetooth smart protocol and proprietary protocol depends on desired throughput, Power consumption and transmission distance (RSSI). Invasive methods like single unit recording requires processing high frequency band spectrum and optimum data throughput to transmit spike data. This study proposes a high speed sampling algorithm to increase sampling rate and a proprietary wireless protocol to transmit high sample data and reduce packet error rate for physiological sensing. A low-power bio potential amplifier in BCI circuitry converts analog brain data to digital format. High sampling rate can be achieved by multi-threading software call to receive data from sense electronics. The proposed sampling algorithm proposed increases sampling frequency from 800 Samples/sec to 10k for samples 8 channels. Wireless interface which allows throughput and power optimization can be achieved by implementing transmit mode with dynamic connection interval. Packet error rate is vital parameter for data integrity and can be optimized by implementing dynamic channel shifting mechanism in the presence of noisy channel. Dynamic transmit buffer length allocation algorithm should be implemented for better utilization of channel.

Download or read book Wireless Biomedical Sensing written by Vaishnavi Nattar Ranganathan and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work addresses challenges in power delivery, efficient computation and communication to power-constrained wearable and implantable devices. We are surrounded today by over 25 billion smart devices, and this number is constantly increasing. Owing to the shrinking CMOS technology, some of these devices are so small that they can even be worn on the human body or implanted inside it. The sheer number of devices and their drastic minia- turization and integration into the human body posit two major challenges. First, how do we communicate with these numerous small devices? Second, how do we deliver power to them? The wearable or implantable nature of these smart devices only exacerbates these challenges. Since these devices are designed to be worn or implanted, they must be small, comfortable and, most importantly, safe to use. They must be small so that they are dis- crete when worn or can be implanted easily. They must be comfortable so that people can use them for extended periods of time for physiological monitoring, without the devices in- terfering with their normal lifestyle. Finally, they must not cause discomfort by overheating and operate at low power consumption so that they are safe to use. Traditionally, cables were used to power or communicate. However, with the proliferation of smart devices, tethering to communicate with or to recharge them is no longer a practical solution. Bluetooth technology allows some degree of wireless communication with smart devices, but it is a power-hungry technology and thus unsuited for implanted devices. Hence there is a need for reliable communication of data at low power levels. Batteries are currently the most prevalent option for power delivery, but are a less-than-ideal solution. While progress in CMOS technology has reduced size and power consumption of smart devices, the batteries used to power them are still large. With higher energy requirements, larger these batteries become. Even when rechargeable, these batteries have a diminishing eciency over their lifetime of about two to three years. Hence, they are not the best option for powering these billions of devices, especially when they are implanted in the body and need surgery for replacement. One of the solutions to make these devices untethered and battery free is to use wireless power transfer and low-power wireless communication. However, these smart devices used in diverse application have vastly dierent power requirements and communication data rates. Hence, it becomes dicult to standardize ways to wirelessly power and communicate with them. The wireless solutions presented here are applied to two different applications, one wearable and the other implantable, demonstrating the ability to serve diverse requirements. The first application includes a wearable sensing platform that operates with ultra-low power consumption to perform analog sensing of physiological signals and use backscatter communication, which is an ultra-low power communication method, to transmit sensed data. The total power consumption for sensing and communicating data to an external base station is as low as 35 [micro]W to 160 [micro]W. This modular wireless platform is battery- free and can be made in the form of an adhesive bandaid that can sense physiological parameters like heart rate, breathing rate and sense sounds to monitor health conditions. Thus it enables simple, continuous and seamless monitoring of health parameters while a person goes about their everyday tasks. The second application is an implantable platform that can record neural signals from the brain and process them locally to identify events in the signals that can trigger neural stimulations. The requirements for this implantable device are far more complex than the simple wearable application. The implants operate with several 100 mW of power consumption and need several Mbps data rates to transmit the recorded and processed data out to the user. To address the high power and high data rate requirements, this work presents a novel dual-band approach that supports wireless power delivery at high frequency (HF) and backscatter communication at ultra-high frequency (UHF). At the smart implantable device, the dual-band wireless system harvests energy from HF wireless signals while simultaneously communicating data using UHF backscatter. To localize the implant and deliver power to it, a novel low-overhead echolocation method is presented in this work. This method uses reflected parameters on a phased array of wireless power transmitters to locate the wireless device and deliver focussed power to it. The implantable platform is intended for use in two different application domains. First, in neural engineering research where neural interface devices are used to understand, record and map the brain function and to leverage them and develop brain-controlled technology like prosthetic limbs. Second, for treatment and rehabilitation of people suffering from spinal cord injury and chronic neural disorders. An implantable brain-computer-spinal interface (BCSI) is presented in this work, that records neural signals and processes them locally to extract intent. The decoded action intention can be used to trigger stimulation in the spinal cord to reanimate the paralyzed limb and perform the action. In addition, this device is developed as a low-power FPGA-based platform so that it is reconfigurable to enable research in closed-loop algorithms to understand and treat several other neural disorders. We expect that such wireless biomedical sensing can provide a better understanding of physiological parameters and enable treatment for chronic disorders.

Download or read book Ultra low power Bluetooth Low Energy BLE Compatible Backscatter Communication and Energy Harvesting for Battery free Wearable Devices written by Joshua F. Ensworth and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis explores new wireless power and backscatter communication architectures for ultra-low-power wireless sensors and other devices such as wearables. We first present measurement, analysis and harvesting approaches for extracting energy from 2.4 GHz wireless communication signals, including an approach for powering a relatively high power sensor in burst mode at an input power level of -15 dBm. We present the first backscatter-based data uplink approach that achieves compatibility between backscatter devices and billions of completely unmodified standard wireless devices using the Bluetooth Low Energy standard. We show that this data uplink approach can communicate with BLE receivers with a radio communication efficiency of 28.4 pJ/bit. This is over 100x lower energy per bit than conventional BLE transmitters. One microcontroller based implementation consumes over 6x less power than the best commercially-available Bluetooth transmitters, and can leverage both modulated and unmodulated carriers to provide the backscatter uplink. This al- lows us to transform one BLE signal as a carrier source for another BLE-Backscatter signal. We investigate the range of the BLE-Backscatter system in both bistatic and monostatic, full-duplex application scenarios. The range analysis considers the BLE receiver sensitivity and performance in the presence of self-jamming interference from the external carrier source in the bistatic case. We also present a carrier cancellation architecture that reduces self-jamming in the monostatic case. We characterize the packet error rate and received signal strength in both cabled and over-the-air scenarios. Finally we present an ultra-low power superheterodyne receiver architecture that leverages an external carrier as the local oscillator, removing the need for on board (or on chip) generation of the local oscillator signal. The receiver uses a two- port mixer for simultaneous mixing and power harvesting of the external carrier and desired BLE signal. This thesis shows a path toward the widespread adoption of backscatter communication in low-power wireless devices such as smart watches, fitness bands, biomedical sensors, etc. Other wireless devices, such as sensors for the Internet of Things (IoT) where power consumption is a crucial consideration could also benefit from the approaches presented.

Download or read book Platforms and Technologies for Low power Wireless Systems written by Mehrdad Hessar and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Achieving the vision of ubiquitous connectivity requires addressing multiple challenges across low-power wireless communication, network protocols and sensing. This thesis presents four technologies that address some of the challenges in achieving ubiquitous connectivity. First, the thesis describes an ultra-low-power high-definition video streaming system that enables video streaming from a low-power, wearable camera to a nearby mobile device. Second, we present LoRa backscatter that enables the first wide-area backscatter communication system to achieve long-range low-power cheap wireless communication at tens of microwatts of power. Third, we build NetScatter, the first wireless protocol that can scale to hundreds and thousands of concurrent transmissions from backscatter devices. Finally, we describe TinySDR platform, a standalone, fully programmable low power software-defined radio solution that can be duty cycled for battery operation like a real low-power sensor endpoint, and more importantly, can be programmed over the air to allow for large scale deployment.

Download or read book Brain Computer Interface Research written by Christoph Guger and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-01 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Annual BCI Research Awards are international prizes that recognize the top new projects in brain–computer interface (BCI) research. This book contains concise descriptions of projects nominated for the 2019 BCI Research Award and interviews with nominees. Each article is authored by the researchers who developed the project, and articles have been updated with new progress achieved since their nomination. These chapters are complemented by an introduction by the editors together with a concluding chapter that reviews the annual Awards Ceremony, announces the winners, and ends with a brief discussion. One of the prominent trends in recent years has been the development of BCIs for new patient groups. Many chapters in this book present emerging and novel research directions likely to become more prevalent in the near future. This year's book includes chapters based on interviews with BCI experts who were nominated for an award, including this year's first, second, and third place winners. These interview chapters are generally less technical than project descriptions, and provide individual perspectives from people actively working on new methods and systems.

Download or read book Wireless Channel Modelling of Ultra wideband Signals for Brain Computer Interface Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book 2013 IEEE Topical Conference on Biomedical Wireless Technologies Networks and Sensing Systems written by IEEE Electrical Insulation Society Staff and published by . This book was released on 2013-02 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Investigating ECoG Signal Acquisition And Transmission in Brain Computer Interface Applications written by Shams Al Ajrawi and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) can permit individuals to use their thoughts as the sole means to control objects such as smart homes and robots. Although, the main goal of BCI system is to bring back mobility to severely paralyzed people and give them another way to communicate, a way that does not depend on muscle control. While BCI is a promising interdisciplinary tool, researchers are confronting signal acquisition and signal transmission as an obstacle to further development. For signal acquisition, we proposed two approaches to extract and classify brain activities for BCI competition III data0set I, they are Hierarchical recursive feature elimination (HRFE) and Flexible Analytic Wavelet Transformation (FAWT), we evaluated them in terms of accuracy and classification time. This process requires efficient transmission of Electro-cartographical (ECoG) signal from implanting electrodes inside the brain to an external receiver located outside of the scalp. In particular, the generated artifacts due to in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) imbalance of utilizing down converter, and time interleaved analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) may lead to significant interference to desired signal which affects the detection performance. In this thesis, an efficient, low, complexity, balance technique is proposed for BCI communications to mitigate the interference using the adaptive least mean square (LMS) algorithm. The performance results of the conducted experiments on a phantom human brain model are shown to validate the designed scheme compared with the existing BCI approach. For Signal transmission, investigated the feasibility of passive Ultra High Frequency Radio Frequency Identification (UHF-RFID) for wireless communication between multiple transmitters inside the brain that collect vital data continuously and transmit them to an external controller using Back-scatter technique and we proposed a novel Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols that can be utilized for dependable transmission in BCI applications by altering their control parameters. However, modifying these parameters is another source of concern due to the scarcity in knowledge about the effect of modifications. In this thesis, a hybrid MAC protocol is proposed. Enhancing data gathering in medical records has been considered by proposing SC (Scanner Controller) device which consist of mini-reader, GPS and timer integrated together for every patient.

Download or read book Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communication Systems written by Simon R. Saunders and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-05-07 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antennas and propagation are of fundamental importance to the coverage, capacity and quality of all wireless communication systems. This book provides a solid grounding in antennas and propagation, covering terrestrial and satellite radio systems in both mobile and fixed contexts. Building on the highly successful first edition, this fully updated text features significant new material and brand new exercises and supplementary materials to support course tutors. A vital source of information for practising and aspiring wireless communication engineers as well as for students at postgraduate and senior undergraduate levels, this book provides a fundamental grounding in the principles of antennas and propagation without excessive recourse to mathematics. It also equips the reader with practical prediction techniques for the design and analysis of a very wide range of common wireless communication systems. Including: Overview of the fundamental electromagnetic principles underlying propagation and antennas. Basic concepts of antennas and their application to specific wireless systems. Propagation measurement, modelling and prediction for fixed links, macrocells, microcells, picocells and megacells Narrowband and wideband channel modelling and the effect of the channel on communication system performance. Methods that overcome and transform channel impairments to enhance performance using diversity, adaptive antennas and equalisers. Key second edition updates: New chapters on Antennas for Mobile Systems and Channel Measurements for Mobile Radio Systems. Coverage of new technologies, including MIMO antenna systems, Ultra Wideband (UWB) and the OFDM technology used in Wi-Fi and WiMax systems. Many new propagation models for macrocells, microcells and picocells. Fully revised and expanded end-of-chapter exercises. The Solutions Manual can be requested from www.wiley.com/go/saunders_antennas_2e

Download or read book Security and Privacy Vision in 6G written by Pawani Porambage and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-08-08 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SECURITY AND PRIVACY VISION IN 6G Prepare for the future of mobile communication with this comprehensive study 6G is the next frontier in mobile communication, with development of 6G standards slated to begin as early as 2026. As telecommunications networks become faster and more intelligent, security and privacy concerns are critical. In an increasingly connected world, there is an urgent need for user data to be safeguarded and system security enhanced against a new generation of threats. Security and Privacy Vision in 6G provides a comprehensive survey of these threats and the emerging techniques for safeguarding against them. It includes mechanisms for prediction, detection, mitigation, and prevention, such that threats to privacy and security can be forestalled at any stage. Fully engaged with proposed 6G architectures, it is an essential resource for mobile communications professionals looking for a head start on the technology of the future. Security and Privacy Vision in 6G readers will also find: Detailed coverage of topics including edge intelligence and cloudification, industrial automation, collaborative robots, and more Treatment balancing the practical and the theoretical An editorial team with decades of international network technology experience in both industry and academia Security and Privacy Vision in 6G is a vital reference for network security professionals and for postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students in mobile communications and network security-related fields.

Download or read book Multiple Access Techniques for 5G Wireless Networks and Beyond written by Mojtaba Vaezi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-23 with total page 685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents comprehensive coverage of current and emerging multiple access, random access, and waveform design techniques for 5G wireless networks and beyond. A definitive reference for researchers in these fields, the book describes recent research from academia, industry, and standardization bodies. The book is an all-encompassing treatment of these areas addressing orthogonal multiple access and waveform design, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) via power, code, and other domains, and orthogonal, non-orthogonal, and grant-free random access. The book builds its foundations on state of the art research papers, measurements, and experimental results from a variety of sources.

Download or read book Aircraft Radio Systems written by James Powell and published by Pitman Publishing. This book was released on 1981 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Introduction to RF Propagation written by John S. Seybold and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-10-03 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to RF propagation that spans all wireless applications This book provides readers with a solid understanding of the concepts involved in the propagation of electromagnetic waves and of the commonly used modeling techniques. While many books cover RF propagation, most are geared to cellular telephone systems and, therefore, are limited in scope. This title is comprehensive-it treats the growing number of wireless applications that range well beyond the mobile telecommunications industry, including radar and satellite communications. The author's straightforward, clear style makes it easy for readers to gain the necessary background in electromagnetics, communication theory, and probability, so they can advance to propagation models for near-earth, indoor, and earth-space propagation. Critical topics that readers would otherwise have to search a number of resources to find are included: * RF safety chapter provides a concise presentation of FCC recommendations, including application examples, and prepares readers to work with real-world propagating systems * Antenna chapter provides an introduction to a wide variety of antennas and techniques for antenna analysis, including a detailed treatment of antenna polarization and axial ratio; the chapter contains a set of curves that permit readers to estimate polarization loss due to axial ratio mismatch between transmitting and receiving antennas without performing detailed calculations * Atmospheric effects chapter provides curves of typical atmospheric loss, so that expected loss can be determined easily * Rain attenuation chapter features a summary of how to apply the ITU and Crane rain models * Satellite communication chapter provides the details of earth-space propagation analysis including rain attenuation, atmospheric absorption, path length determination and noise temperature determination Examples of widely used models provide all the details and information needed to allow readers to apply the models with confidence. References, provided throughout the book, enable readers to explore particular topics in greater depth. Additionally, an accompanying Wiley ftp site provides supporting MathCad files for select figures in the book. With its emphasis on fundamentals, detailed examples, and comprehensive coverage of models and applications, this is an excellent text for upper-level undergraduate or graduate students, or for the practicing engineer who needs to develop an understanding of propagation phenomena.

Download or read book Photoplethysmography written by Panicos A. Kyriacou and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-11-03 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photoplethysmography: Technology, Signal Analysis, and Applications is the first comprehensive volume on the theory, principles, and technology (sensors and electronics) of photoplethysmography (PPG). It provides a detailed description of the current state-of-the-art technologies/optical components enabling the extreme miniaturization of such sensors, as well as comprehensive coverage of PPG signal analysis techniques including machine learning and artificial intelligence. The book also outlines the huge range of PPG applications in healthcare, with a strong focus on the contribution of PPG in wearable sensors and PPG for cardiovascular assessment. Presents the underlying principles and technology surrounding PPG Includes applications for healthcare and wellbeing Focuses on PPG in wearable sensors and devices Presents advanced signal analysis techniques Includes cutting-edge research, applications and future directions