Download or read book Hierarchy and Democracy written by Albert Somit and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Social Hierarchies between Democracy and Autocracy written by Björn Toelstede and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2020-11-04 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social hierarchies exist in democracies as well as in authoritarian societies. However, their nature is different. Democratic hierarchies are built bottom-up through election, while autocratic hierarchies are built top-down through coalition formation and domination. Both have power asymmetries between the weaker citizens and the stronger politicians, which are amplified the stronger the hierarchies are. This thesis introduces a model which combines pro-/anti-social behavior with different degrees of hierarchies which I unite in a model called the Structure-Behavior Diagram (Toelstede, 2020/1). This model has the power to categorize countries according to these criteria, and indicates when and how societies move between democracy and authoritarianism. The movements of societies in the political space of the Structure-Behavior Diagram are marked by certain patterns and dynamics. I use the path dependence theory (Toelstede, 2019/2) and examine how so-called path-creating mechanisms can emerge and influence societies to move from democracy to authoritarianism. I show that path dependency-induced dynamics can put democracies at risk and are more serious in hierarchical societies than in horizontal societies. Institutional punishment is widely seen as more stable then peer punishment. However, in political reality, institutional punishment – here in the form of policing – can be marked by over- and under-punishment as well as changes in sociality (Toelstede, 2019/1 and 2020/2). These findings show, together with hierarchy-sensitive characteristics of the path dependency, that institutional punishment and social hierarchies require more attention. Lastly, I show that most democratic societies are intuitively aware of the power asymmetries and long principal-agent chains between them and their political agents. Together, these features provide increasing benefits for an anti-social descent of the agents, although some societies are prepared to trade personal freedom for higher socio-economic welfare. They therefore strive for higher socio-economic efficiency by embracing strong governmental forms and high conformity levels. I call this efficient statism (Toelstede, 2019/2). In doing so, societies compliantly put their free and democratic order at risk.
Download or read book An End to Hierarchy and Competition written by Frederick C. Thayer and published by Franklin Watts. This book was released on 1981 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hierarchy s Subordination of Democracy and How to Outrank It written by Joseph A. Raelin and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We hear much about the “democratic ideal” as if it were unreachable within the walls of the organization. Of late, apologists have begun suggesting that there is no need to worry; democracy exists; it's just that it is often hidden from view right within the requisite hierarchical structure. Top managers are sharing their leadership roles with others in the organization. This provocation will take the opposite position that hierarchy and democratic leadership are predominantly incommensurate and that closer inspection would show that hierarchical conditions largely persist and that when democratic leadership occurs, it does so only with the conditional permission of those in control. The essay goes into detail regarding the plural models of leadership, shows where they fall on the hierarchy-democracy continuum, and outlines how leaderful development might be able to prepare learners for real democratic experience.
Download or read book Democracy in Business written by G. Michael Blahnik and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-06-11 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is hierarchy the inevitable result of human evolutionary biology? Is hierarchy a rational, practical choice in the face of anarchy and chaos? Is hierarchy a distortion of natural human cooperation? Is hierarchy the inevitable consequence of population growth in a world of limited resources? In Democracy in Business: A Transdisciplinary Critique of Hierarchy, Volume 1, G. Michael Blahnik argues that though there might exist a biological, psychological and social vulnerability for people to create hierarchies, there is not and never has been an innate disposition to do so. This disposition was learned. Blahnik argues that under pressures to survive, people are vulnerable to mistreating and being mistreated by their fellow human being. Such mistreatment will often produce the desired result, but that result is achieved at a price. That price is no less than a distortion of human identity.
Download or read book Hierarchy and the Democratic Ideology written by Carole Cassler Obuchowski and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Against Political Equality written by Tongdong Bai and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-08-10 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How a hybrid Confucian-engendered form of governance might solve today’s political problems What might a viable political alternative to liberal democracy look like? In Against Political Equality, Tongdong Bai offers a possibility inspired by Confucian ideas. Bai argues that domestic governance influenced by Confucianism can embrace the liberal aspects of democracy along with the democratic ideas of equal opportunities and governmental accountability to the people. But Confucianism would give more political decision-making power to those with the moral, practical, and intellectual capabilities of caring for the people. While most democratic thinkers still focus on strengthening equality to cure the ills of democracy, the proposed hybrid regime—made up of Confucian-inspired meritocratic characteristics combined with democratic elements and a quasi-liberal system of laws and rights—recognizes that egalitarian qualities sometimes conflict with good governance and the protection of liberties, and defends liberal aspects by restricting democratic ones. Bai applies his views to the international realm by supporting a hierarchical order based on how humane each state is toward its own and other peoples, and on the principle of international interventions whereby humane responsibilities override sovereignty. Exploring the deficiencies posed by many liberal democracies, Against Political Equality presents a novel Confucian-engendered alternative for solving today’s political problems.
Download or read book Just Hierarchy written by Daniel A. Bell and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-10 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A trenchant defense of hierarchy in different spheres of our lives, from the personal to the political All complex and large-scale societies are organized along certain hierarchies, but the concept of hierarchy has become almost taboo in the modern world. Just Hierarchy contends that this stigma is a mistake. In fact, as Daniel Bell and Wang Pei show, it is neither possible nor advisable to do away with social hierarchies. Drawing their arguments from Chinese thought and culture as well as other philosophies and traditions, Bell and Wang ask which forms of hierarchy are justified and how these can serve morally desirable goals. They look at ways of promoting just forms of hierarchy while minimizing the influence of unjust ones, such as those based on race, sex, or caste. Which hierarchical relations are morally justified and why? Bell and Wang argue that it depends on the nature of the social relation and context. Different hierarchical principles ought to govern different kinds of social relations: what justifies hierarchy among intimates is different from what justifies hierarchy among citizens, countries, humans and animals, and humans and intelligent machines. Morally justified hierarchies can and should govern different spheres of our social lives, though these will be very different from the unjust hierarchies that have governed us in the past. A vigorous, systematic defense of hierarchy in the modern world, Just Hierarchy examines how hierarchical social relations can have a useful purpose, not only in personal domains but also in larger political realms.
Download or read book Anarchy or Hierarchy written by S. de Madariaga and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-11-21 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1937 during the Spanish Civil War, the country was split into pro-fascists and pro-communists, the author felt that the conflict in Spain threatened to develop into an international war, perhaps an international civil war since the issue cut across frontier lines. The situation had no parallel at the time. The author looks back to wars of the sixteenth century to find a precedent for this dramatic duel between two political conceptions. Using examples from Europe including the conflict between Catholics and Protestants he shows that, as in England who led their own way at the time, there are alternative solutions and hopefully a way to find a middle ground.
Download or read book Hierarchy Liberty and Innovation written by Shiping Tang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together classic defense of liberty and democracy, the political economy of hierarchy, endogenous growth theory, and the new institutional economics on growth, we propose a new institutional theory that identifies democracy's unique advantage in prompting economic growth. We contend that the channel of liberty-to-innovation is the most critical channel in which democracy holds a unique advantage over autocracy in promoting growth, especially during the stage of growth via innovation. Because all human societies are hierarchical and hierarchy facilitates growth by bringing stability and order yet harms innovation and growth by demanding obedience to authority, an economy must strike a balance between maintaining stability and facilitating innovation. Democracy achieves this balance by protecting liberty whereas autocracy sacrifices innovation for stability. Democracy thus does hold a unique advantage in promoting growth over autocracy, but this advantage is indirect, channel-specific, and conditional. Evidences from three historical cases demonstrate that although key scientific breakthroughs can indeed pop up under autocracies, democracy is a necessary, though insufficient, condition for protecting major scientific breakthroughs that may challenge orthodoxies.
Download or read book Democracy and Trust written by Mark E. Warren and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-10-28 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the implications for democracy of declining trust in government and between individuals.
Download or read book The Hidden Hierarchy written by Ulla Ressner and published by Aldershot, Hants., [England] ; Brookfield, [Vt.], USA : Avebury. This book was released on 1987 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Great Powers and International Hierarchy written by Daniel McCormack and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-16 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hierarchical relationships—rules that structure both international and domestic politics—are pervasive. Yet we know little about how these relationships are constructed, maintained, and dismantled. This book fills this lacuna through a two-pronged research approach: first, it discusses how great power negotiations over international political settlements both respond to domestic politics within weak states and structure the specific forms that hierarchy takes. Second, it deduces three sets of hypotheses about hierarchy maintenance, construction, and collapse during the post-war era. By offering a coherent theoretical model of hierarchical politics within weaker states, the author is able to answer a number of important questions, including: Why does the United States often ally with autocratic states even though its most enduring relationships are with democracies? Why do autocratic hierarchical relationships require interstate coercion? Why do some hierarchies end violently and others peacefully? Why does hierarchical competition sometimes lead to interstate conflict and sometimes to civil conflict?
Download or read book Democratic Hierarchies in the Workplace written by Frances Anne Viggiani and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dressing Constitutionally written by Ruthann Robson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-07-29 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the rights to expression and equality, and the restraints on government power, as they both limit and allow control of our personal choices.
Download or read book American Democracy Vs the Spanish Hierarchy written by North American Committee to Aid Spanish Democracy and published by . This book was released on 1937 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Lessons of Ranci re written by Samuel Allen Chambers and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What if "liberal democracy" were a contradiction in terms? This book distinguishes liberalism (a logic of order) from democracy (a principle of disordering) to defend a Rancièrean vision of impure politics. Disclosing Rancière's refusal of ontology as political, The Lessons of Rancière enacts a critical theory beyond unmasking and a democratic politics beyond liberalism.
