Download or read book Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Instrumental Variables Without Monotonicity written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Statistical Methods for Studying Heterogeneous Treatment Effects with Instrumental Variables written by Michael William Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a growing interest in estimating heterogeneous treatment effects in randomized and observational studies. However, most of the work relies on the assumption of ignorability, or no unmeasured confounding on the treatment effect. While instrumental variables (IV) are a popular technique to control for unmeasured confounding, there has been little research conducted to study heterogeneous treatment effects with the use of an IV. This dissertation introduces methods using an IV to discover novel subgroups, estimate their heterogeneous treatment effects, and identify individualized treatment rules (ITR) when ignorability is expected to be violated. In Chapter 2, we present a two-part algorithm to estimate heterogeneous treatment effects and detect novel subgroups using an IV with matching. The first part uses interpretable machine learning techniques, such as classification and regression trees, to discover potential effect modifiers. The second part uses closed testing to test for statistical significance of each effect modifier while strongly controlling the familywise error rate. We apply this method on the Oregon Health Insurance Experiment, estimating the effect of Medicaid on the number of days an individual's health does not impede their usual activities by using a randomized lottery as an instrument. In Chapter 3, we generalize methods to identify ITR using a binary IV to using multiple, discrete valued instruments, or equivalently, multilevel instruments. Several new problems arise when generalizing to multilevel instruments, requiring novel solutions. In particular, multilevel IV give rise to many latent subgroups that may experience heterogeneous treatment effects. Additionally, it may be unclear how to combine and compare the different levels of the IV to estimate treatment heterogeneity. We provide methods that use a prediction of the latent subgroup to identify optimal ITR, and methods to dynamically combine levels of the multilevel IV to estimate the heterogeneous treatment effects, effectively individualizing estimation of an ITR. Further, we provide and discuss necessary and sufficient conditions to identify an optimal ITR using a multilevel IV. We apply our methods to identify an ITR for two competing treatments, carotid endarterectomy and carotid artery stenting, on preventing stroke or death within 30 days of their index procedure.

Download or read book Instrumental Variables Selection Models and Tight Bounds on the Average Treatment Effect written by James Joseph Heckman and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper exposits and relates two distinct approaches to bounding the average treatment effect. One approach, based on instrumental variables, is due to Manski (1990, 1994), who derives tight bounds on the average treatment effect under a mean independence form of the instrumental variables (IV) condition. The second approach, based on latent index models, is due to Heckman and Vytlacil (1999, 2000a), who derive bounds on the average treatment effect that exploit the assumption of a nonparametric selection model with an exclusion restriction. Their conditions imply the instrumental variable condition studied by Manski, so that their conditions are stronger than the Manski conditions. In this paper, we study the relationship between the two sets of bounds implied by these alternative conditions. We show that: (1) the Heckman and Vytlacil bounds are tight given their assumption of a nonparametric selection model; (2) the Manski bounds simplify to the Heckman and Vytlacil bounds under the nonparametric selection model assumption.

Download or read book The Handbook of Historical Economics written by Alberto Bisin and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-04-21 with total page 1002 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Historical Economics guides students and researchers through a quantitative economic history that uses fully up-to-date econometric methods. The book's coverage of statistics applied to the social sciences makes it invaluable to a broad readership. As new sources and applications of data in every economic field are enabling economists to ask and answer new fundamental questions, this book presents an up-to-date reference on the topics at hand. Provides an historical outline of the two cliometric revolutions, highlighting the similarities and the differences between the two Surveys the issues and principal results of the "second cliometric revolution" Explores innovations in formulating hypotheses and statistical testing, relating them to wider trends in data-driven, empirical economics

Download or read book An Instrumental Variable Tree Approach for Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effects in Observational Studies written by Guihua Wang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We develop a technique that incorporates the instrumental variable method into a causal tree to correct for potential endogeneity biases in heterogeneous treatment effect analysis using observational studies. The resulting instrumental variable tree approach partitions subjects into subgroups with similar treatment effects within subgroups and different treatment effects across subgroups. The estimated treatment effects are asymptotically consistent under very general assumptions. Using simulated data, we show that our approach has better coverage rates and smaller mean-squared errors than the conventional causal tree, and that a forest constructed using instrumental variable trees has better accuracy and interpretability than the generalized random forest.

Download or read book Handbook of Quantile Regression written by Roger Koenker and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-10-12 with total page 739 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantile regression constitutes an ensemble of statistical techniques intended to estimate and draw inferences about conditional quantile functions. Median regression, as introduced in the 18th century by Boscovich and Laplace, is a special case. In contrast to conventional mean regression that minimizes sums of squared residuals, median regression minimizes sums of absolute residuals; quantile regression simply replaces symmetric absolute loss by asymmetric linear loss. Since its introduction in the 1970's by Koenker and Bassett, quantile regression has been gradually extended to a wide variety of data analytic settings including time series, survival analysis, and longitudinal data. By focusing attention on local slices of the conditional distribution of response variables it is capable of providing a more complete, more nuanced view of heterogeneous covariate effects. Applications of quantile regression can now be found throughout the sciences, including astrophysics, chemistry, ecology, economics, finance, genomics, medicine, and meteorology. Software for quantile regression is now widely available in all the major statistical computing environments. The objective of this volume is to provide a comprehensive review of recent developments of quantile regression methodology illustrating its applicability in a wide range of scientific settings. The intended audience of the volume is researchers and graduate students across a diverse set of disciplines.

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Panel Data written by Badi Hani Baltagi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 705 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Panel Data examines new developments in the theory and applications of panel data. It includes basic topics like non-stationary panels, co-integration in panels, multifactor panel models, panel unit roots, measurement error in panels, incidental parameters and dynamic panels, spatial panels, nonparametric panel data, random coefficients, treatment effects, sample selection, count panel data, limited dependent variable panel models, unbalanced panel models with interactive effects and influential observations in panel data. Contributors to the Handbook explore applications of panel data to a wide range of topics in economics, including health, labor, marketing, trade, productivity, and macro applications in panels. This Handbook is an informative and comprehensive guide for both those who are relatively new to the field and for those wishing to extend their knowledge to the frontier. It is a trusted and definitive source on panel data, having been edited by Professor Badi Baltagi-widely recognized as one of the foremost econometricians in the area of panel data econometrics. Professor Baltagi has successfully recruited an all-star cast of experts for each of the well-chosen topics in the Handbook.

Download or read book Treatment Effects with Censoring and Endogeneity written by Brigham R. Frandsen and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper develops a nonparametric approach to identification and estimation of treatment effects in a setting where observed outcomes are censored and treatment status may be endogenous and have arbitrarily heterogeneous effects. Identification is based on an instrumental variable that satisfies the exclusion and monotonicity conditions standard in the local average treatment effects framework. The paper also proposes a censored quantile treatment effects estimator, derives its asymptotic distribution, and illustrates its performance using Monte Carlo simulations. An empirical application to a subsidized job training program finds that participation significantly and dramatically reduced the duration of jobless spells, especially at the right tail of the distribution.

Download or read book The Causal Interpretation of Two Stage Least Squares with Multiple Instrumental Variables written by Magne Mogstad and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Empirical researchers often combine multiple instrumental variables (IVs) for a single treatment using two-stage least squares (2SLS). When treatment effects are heterogeneous, a common justification for including multiple IVs is that the 2SLS estimand can be given a causal interpretation as a positively-weighted average of local average treatment effects (LATEs). This justification requires the well-known monotonicity condition. However, we show that with more than one instrument, this condition can only be satisfied if choice behavior is effectively homogenous. Based on this finding, we consider the use of multiple IVs under a weaker, partial monotonicity condition. We characterize empirically verifiable sufficient and necessary conditions for the 2SLS estimand to be a positively-weighted average of LATEs under partial monotonicity. We apply these results to an empirical analysis of the returns to college with multiple instruments. We show that the standard monotonicity condition is at odds with the data. Nevertheless, our empirical checks show that the 2SLS estimate retains a causal interpretation as a positively-weighted average of the effects of college attendance among complier groups.

Download or read book Using Multisite Instrumental Variables to Estimate Treatment Effects and Treatment Effect Heterogeneity written by Christopher Ryan Runyon and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multisite randomized trials (MSTs) are an attractive research design to test the efficacy of an educational program at scale. Population models examining data from MSTs can provide information on the range of possible treatment effects that sites (such as schools) can expect from an educational program, even for those sites not included in the study. However, when some individuals at a site do not comply with their treatment assignment, conventional multilevel and meta-analytic estimation methods do not provide information on the effect of actually participating in the educational program. Instrumental variables (IV) is a method that can produce consistent estimates of the causal effect of participating in an educational program for those individuals that comply with their treatment assignment, an estimand called the complier-average treatment effect (CATE). IV methods for single-site trials are well understood and widely-used. Recently multisite IV models have been proposed to estimate the CATE and CATE heterogeneity across a population of sites, but the performance of these estimators has not been examined in a simulation study. Using Monte Carlo simulation, the current study examines the performance of three IV estimators and two conventional estimators in recovering the CATE and CATE heterogeneity under simulation conditions that resemble multisite trials of well-known educational programs

Download or read book Analog Estimation Methods in Econometrics written by Charles F. Manski and published by Chapman and Hall/CRC. This book was released on 1988-06-15 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents familiar elements of estimation theory from an analog perspective discussing recent developments in the theory of analog estimation and new results that offer flexibility in empirical research. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Download or read book Estimation of Treatment Effects Without Monotonicity Assumption in Dose Finding Studies The Application of Alpha Splitting Procedure written by 張彥介 and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Going Beyond LATE written by Xuan Chen and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We derive nonparametric sharp bounds on average treatment effects with an instrumental variable (IV) and use them to evaluate the effectiveness of the Job Corps training program for disadvantaged youth. We focus on the population average treatment effect (ATE) and the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT), which are parameters not point identified with an IV under heterogeneous treatment effects. The main assumptions employed to bound the ATE and ATT are monotonicity in the treatment of the average outcomes of specified subpopulations, and mean dominance assumptions across the potential outcomes of these subpopulations. Importantly, the direction of the mean dominance assumptions can be informed from data, and some of our bounds do not require an outcome with bounded support. We employ these bounds to assess the effectiveness of Job Corps using data from a randomized social experiment with non-compliance (a common feature of social experiments). Our empirical results indicate that the effect of Job Corps on eligible applicants (the target population) four years after randomization is to increase weekly earnings and employment by at least $ 24:61 and 4:3 percentage points, respectively, and to decrease yearly dependence on public welfare benefits by at least $ 84:29. Furthermore, the effect of Job Corps on participants (the treated population) is to increase weekly earnings by between $ 28:67 and $ 43:47, increase employment by between 4:9 and 9:3 percentage points, and decrease public benefits received by between $ 108:72 and $ 140:29. Finally, some of our results point to positive average effects of Job Corps on the labor market outcomes of those individuals who decide not to enroll in Job Corps regardless of their treatment assignment (the so-called never takers), suggesting that these individuals would benefit from participating in Job Corps.

Download or read book Causal Inference written by Scott Cunningham and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2021-01-26 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An accessible, contemporary introduction to the methods for determining cause and effect in the Social Sciences “Causation versus correlation has been the basis of arguments—economic and otherwise—since the beginning of time. Causal Inference: The Mixtape uses legit real-world examples that I found genuinely thought-provoking. It’s rare that a book prompts readers to expand their outlook; this one did for me.”—Marvin Young (Young MC) Causal inference encompasses the tools that allow social scientists to determine what causes what. In a messy world, causal inference is what helps establish the causes and effects of the actions being studied—for example, the impact (or lack thereof) of increases in the minimum wage on employment, the effects of early childhood education on incarceration later in life, or the influence on economic growth of introducing malaria nets in developing regions. Scott Cunningham introduces students and practitioners to the methods necessary to arrive at meaningful answers to the questions of causation, using a range of modeling techniques and coding instructions for both the R and the Stata programming languages.

Download or read book Learning Microeconometrics with R written by Christopher P. Adams and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-12-29 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focuses on the assumptions underlying the algorithms rather than their statistical properties Presents cutting-edge analysis of factor models and finite mixture models. Uses a hands-on approach to examine the assumptions made by the models and when the models fail to estimate accurately Utilizes interesting real-world data sets that can be used to analyze important microeconomic problems Introduces R programming concepts throughout the book. Includes appendices that discuss many of the concepts introduced in the book, as well as measures of uncertainty in microeconometrics.

Download or read book Essays in Honor of Jerry Hausman written by Badi H. Baltagi and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2012-12-17 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aims to annually publish original scholarly econometrics papers on designated topics with the intention of expanding the use of developed and emerging econometric techniques by disseminating ideas on the theory and practice of econometrics throughout the empirical economic, business and social science literature.

Download or read book Mastering Metrics written by Joshua D. Angrist and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-12-21 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An accessible and fun guide to the essential tools of econometric research Applied econometrics, known to aficionados as 'metrics, is the original data science. 'Metrics encompasses the statistical methods economists use to untangle cause and effect in human affairs. Through accessible discussion and with a dose of kung fu–themed humor, Mastering 'Metrics presents the essential tools of econometric research and demonstrates why econometrics is exciting and useful. The five most valuable econometric methods, or what the authors call the Furious Five--random assignment, regression, instrumental variables, regression discontinuity designs, and differences in differences--are illustrated through well-crafted real-world examples (vetted for awesomeness by Kung Fu Panda's Jade Palace). Does health insurance make you healthier? Randomized experiments provide answers. Are expensive private colleges and selective public high schools better than more pedestrian institutions? Regression analysis and a regression discontinuity design reveal the surprising truth. When private banks teeter, and depositors take their money and run, should central banks step in to save them? Differences-in-differences analysis of a Depression-era banking crisis offers a response. Could arresting O. J. Simpson have saved his ex-wife's life? Instrumental variables methods instruct law enforcement authorities in how best to respond to domestic abuse. Wielding econometric tools with skill and confidence, Mastering 'Metrics uses data and statistics to illuminate the path from cause to effect. Shows why econometrics is important Explains econometric research through humorous and accessible discussion Outlines empirical methods central to modern econometric practice Works through interesting and relevant real-world examples