Download or read book Heterogeneous Bank Lending Responses to Monetary Policy written by Mr.John C Bluedorn and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present new evidence on how heterogeneity in banks interacts with monetary policy changes to impact bank lending. Using an exogenous policy measure identified from narratives on FOMC intentions and real-time economic forecasts, we find much greater heterogeneity in U.S. bank lending responses than that found in previous research based on realized federal funds rate changes. Our findings suggest that studies using realized monetary policy changes confound the monetary policy’s effects with those of changes in expected macrofundamentals. We also extend Romer and Romer (2004)’s identification scheme, and expand the time and balance sheet coverage of the U.S. banking sample.

Download or read book Heterogeneous Bank Lending Responses to Monetary Policy written by John C. Bluedorn and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present new evidence on how heterogeneity in banks interacts with monetary policy changes to impact bank lending, at both the bank and U.S. state levels. We use a new policy measure identified from narratives on FOMC intentions and real-time economic forecasts. This policy measure eliminates some of the movements in the actual federal funds rate that are endogenous to expected economic conditions. We find much stronger dynamic effects, and greater heterogeneity, in U.S. bank lending responses to the new monetary policy measure compared to the standard measure based on realized federal funds rate changes. Our findings suggest that studies using realized monetary policy changes confound monetary policy's effects with those of changes in expected macrofundamentals. In fact, estimates from identified monetary policy changes lead to a reversal of U.S. states' ranking by credit's sensitivity to policy. We also extend Romer and Romer (2004)'s identification scheme, and expand the time and balance sheet coverage of the U.S. banking sample.

Download or read book Heterogeneous Bank Loan Responses to Monetary Policy and Bank Capital Shocks written by Naohisa Hirakata and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Monetary Policy and Bank Lending Rates in Low Income Countries written by Prachi Mishra and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies the transmission of monetary shocks to lending rates in a large sample of advanced, emerging, and low-income countries. Transmission is measured by the impulse response of bank lending rates to monetary policy shocks. Long-run restrictions are used to identify such shocks. Using a heterogeneous structural panel VAR approach, we find that there is wide variation in the response of bank lending rates to a monetary policy innovation across countries. Monetary policy shocks are more likely to affect bank lending rates in the theoretically expected direction in countries that have better institutional frameworks, more developed financial structures, and less concentrated banking systems. Low-income countries score poorly along all of these dimensions, and we find that such countries indeed exhibit much weaker transmission of monetary policy shocks to bank lending rates than do advanced and emerging economies.

Download or read book Negative Monetary Policy Rates and Portfolio Rebalancing Evidence from Credit Register Data written by Margherita Bottero and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-02-28 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study negative interest rate policy (NIRP) exploiting ECB's NIRP introduction and administrative data from Italy, severely hit by the Eurozone crisis. NIRP has expansionary effects on credit supply-- -and hence the real economy---through a portfolio rebalancing channel. NIRP affects banks with higher ex-ante net short-term interbank positions or, more broadly, more liquid balance-sheets, not with higher retail deposits. NIRP-affected banks rebalance their portfolios from liquid assets to credit—especially to riskier and smaller firms—and cut loan rates, inducing sizable real effects. By shifting the entire yield curve downwards, NIRP differs from rate cuts just above the ZLB.

Download or read book Monetary Policy Transmission in Emerging Asia written by Nasha Ananchotikul and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-09-28 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the heavy reliance on bank lending as the main source of financing in most Asian economies, banks could potentially play a pivotal role in monetary policy transmission. However, we find that Asia’s bank lending channel or, more broadly, credit channel of domestic monetary policy is not very strong at the aggregate level. Using bank-level data for nine Asian economies during 2000–2013, we show that heterogeneity of bank characteristics (e.g., ownership type, financial position), degree of foreign bank penetration of the domestic banking sector, and global financial conditions all have a bearing on the response of domestic credit to changes in domestic monetary policy, and may account for the apparently weak credit channel at aggregate level.

Download or read book The Heterogeneous Effects of U S Monetary Policy on Non Bank Finance written by Andrew Hodge and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2023-03-10 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using flow of funds and high frequency data from the Investment Company Institute, we study the effects of monetary policy shocks on the size of non-bank assets as well as on flows into long-term mutual funds and returns on their assets. Consolidating chains of non-bank intermediation to avoid double counting, we find that contractionary monetary policy shocks shrink the assets of non-banks reliant on long-term funding, while increasing those of nonbanks reliant on short-term funding. Contractionary shocks also cause sustained outflows from long-term mutual funds and reduce their returns. Using a Markov-Switching VAR, we find these effects to be more prevalent after the Global Financial Crisis, and show that monetary policy shocks had the opposite effects in some earlier periods. Policymakers will thus have to contend with a complex and heterogeneous transmission of monetary policy to financial and macroeconomic outcomes through the non-banks.

Download or read book THE BANK LENDING CHANNEL written by Elisheva Stern and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation includes three chapters discussing the importance of bank heterogeneity in monetary policy implementation using tools such as changes in the interest on reserve and the discount window on bank lending. The first two chapters focus on the implications of differences in government regulation, while the third chapter focuses on market competition. The first chapter assesses the effects of a policy reform changing the relative return of holding reserves on the reserves held by U.S. branches of foreign banks compared to conventional domestic banks, using difference-in-differences regression analysis. The second chapter studies the implications of dispersion in the relative return of holding reserves using a liquidity mismatch banking model with different sectors that can trade reserves in an over-the-counter market for federal funds. The model is used to study the effects of changes to regulation, policy rates, and other market conditions on the distribution of reserves across sectors and the federal funds rate. The third chapter documents changes in competition in the loan and deposit market over the last two decades and considers the implications for monetary policy tools using regression analysis compared to simulations of a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model.Chapter 1, titled DEPOSIT INSURANCE AND PORTFOLIO DESIGN OF BANKS, reviews the distinct response of U.S. branches of foreign banks to the monetary policy of interest on reserve balances following a policy reform in 2011. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) reform changed the relative return of holding reserves for U.S. branches of foreign banks (foreign banks for short) compared to conventional domestic banks (domestic banks for short). The data show higher excess reserves held by foreign banks following this policy change. A fixed-effects model is used to measure the effect of a change in the FDIC policy on excess reserves held by each sector. A difference-in-difference comparison suggests a difference of 0.16 in reserves to assets of domestic banks compared to foreign banks following the policy change and a more considerable gap of around 0.25 for banks with average assets holdings in the top 15 percentile. Furthermore, the event study confirms that these larger banks widely capture the impact of policy. The next chapter, Chapter 2, titled BANK PORTFOLIO CHOICE AND MONETARY POLICY TRANSMISSION IN THE FACE OF A NEW FEDERAL FUNDS MARKET, studies the implications of differences in regulation of banks for monetary policy. The chapter presents an equilibrium model in the framework of Bianchi and Bigio (2022) to include two types of bank branches instead of one; domestic banks must hold deposit insurance, while U.S. branches of foreign banks cannot. Deposit insurance allows for a more stable funding source but attaches a higher balance-sheet cost. Calibration finds consistent predictions that explain the higher excess reserves and the sequential credit supply of foreign branches. Moreover, findings suggest that foreign branches are more responsive to monetary policy tools, such as interest on reserves, because their funding source is associated with higher volatility in deposit withdrawals. The monetary policy of changes to the corridor rates in the model is the same across all banks. Still, because U.S. branches of foreign banks face different tradeoffs than U.S domestic banks, monetary policy affects each sector differently. Chapter 3, titled CHANNELS OF MONETARY POLICY WITH IMPERFECT COMPETITION IN THE BANKING SECTOR, uses a relatively new measure of market power proposed by Boone (2008) to estimate the implications of market power on the pass-through of monetary policy for two monetary policy channels. The lending channel and the deposits channel. Data suggest that market power is high in the deposit market and somewhat high in the loan market, with an incline in competition in both sectors in the last two decades preceding 2001. The paper evaluates monetary policy pass-through to deposit and lending rates given the competition across banks using a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model with sticky prices. The central assumption of the model is that the pass-through depends on competition across banks. It includes banks with imperfectly competitive markups for loans to firms, markdowns of deposit rates to consumers, and a monetary policy authority that can either change the federal funds rate or the spread between the federal funds rate and the rate paid on excess reserves. The model estimations align with the empirical evidence suggesting banks will compensate on loan spreads to avoid the contraction in lending caused by higher policy rates, while deposits will fluctuate less, and therefore spreads may increase when market rates increase.

Download or read book When Banks Punch Back Macrofinancial Feedback Loops in Stress Tests written by Mr.Mario Catalan and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2020-05-29 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the presence of adverse macroeconomic shocks, simultaneous capital losses in multiple banks can prompt them to contract their balance sheets. These bank responses generate externalities that propagate in the form of macro-financial feedback loops. This paper develops a credit response and externalities analysis model (CREAM) that integrates a disaggregated banking sector into an otherwise standard macroeconomic structural vector autoregressive model. It shows that accounting for macro-financial feedback loops can significantly affect macroeconomic outcomes and bank-specific stress tests results. The heterogeneity in bank lending responses matters: it determines how each bank fares under adverse conditions and the external effects that banks impose on each other and on economic activity. The model can thus be used to assess the contributions of individual banks to systemic risk along the time dimension.

Download or read book Bank Lending in the Knowledge Economy written by Mr.Giovanni Dell'Ariccia and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-11-07 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study bank portfolio allocations during the transition of the real sector to a knowledge economy in which firms use less tangible capital and invest more in intangible assets. We show that, as firms shift toward intangible assets that have lower collateral values, banks reallocate their portfolios away from commercial loans toward other assets, primarily residential real estate loans and liquid assets. This effect is more pronounced for large and less well capitalized banks and is robust to controlling for real estate loan demand. Our results suggest that increased firm investment in intangible assets can explain up to 20% of bank portfolio reallocation from commercial to residential lending over the last four decades.

Download or read book HBANK written by Marco Bellifemine and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study how bank heterogeneity and market power shape the transmission of monetary policy. In the data, following a monetary contraction, large banks lower their credit mark-ups and quantities significantly more and raise their deposit mark-ups significantly less than small banks. We interpret our findings in a Heterogeneous Bank New Keynesian (HBANK) model, featuring permanent ("skill'') and stochastic ("luck'') bank returns heterogeneity, incomplete markets, variable asset and deposit market power, and nominal rigidities. In this setup, the aggregate effects of monetary policy shocks depend explicitly on the endogenous distribution of banks' net worth and the competitive structure of asset and deposit markets. Our main findings are three-fold. First, the model matches both the aggregate and the cross-sectional conditional responses to monetary policy shocks estimated from the data. Second, due to the marginal propensity to lend being increasing in profitability, permanent returns heterogeneity considerably strengthens the effectiveness of monetary policy shocks. Third, market power amplifies the effects of monetary policy shocks, whereas the opposite holds for deposit market power. This stems from credit mark-ups of large intermediaries being strongly conditionally pro-cyclical, while deposit mark-ups being counter-cyclical. When calibrated to U.S. bank-level data, the full model delivers substantial amplification of monetary shocks.

Download or read book Effects of Bank Capital on Lending written by Joseph M. Berrospide and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-04 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of bank capital on lending is a critical determinant of the linkage between financial conditions and real activity, and has received especial attention in the recent financial crisis. The authors use panel-regression techniques to study the lending of large bank holding companies (BHCs) and find small effects of capital on lending. They then consider the effect of capital ratios on lending using a variant of Lown and Morgan's VAR model, and again find modest effects of bank capital ratio changes on lending. The authors¿ estimated models are then used to understand recent developments in bank lending and, in particular, to consider the role of TARP-related capital injections in affecting these developments. Illus. A print on demand pub.

Download or read book Sovereign Risk and Cross Country Heterogeneity in the Transmission of Monetary Policy to Bank Lending in the Euro Area written by Pietro Grandi and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is the transmission of monetary policy to bank lending heterogeneous across euro area countries? This paper employs annual bank level data to test whether the bank lending channel of monetary policy was heterogeneous in the euro area over the period 2007-2016. To do so it follows a simple procedure that allows direct testing of how monetary policy affected similar banks located in different countries. Results indicate that the transmission of monetary policy to bank lending was heterogeneous across countries that were differently exposed to the sovereign debt crisis. On average, the same 1% cut in the policy rate led to a 1.6% increase in lending by banks located in non-stressed countries as opposed to a 0.4% increase for banks located in countries under severe sovereign stress. Unconventional monetary policy - as captured by the ECB shadow rate - was also unevenly transmitted to bank lending. Exposure to sovereign risk is identified as a key source of heterogeneity. Within stressed countries, banks with larger sovereign exposures reacted to monetary easing by expanding lending by less than banks with smaller exposures. As a result, monetary accommodation was smoothly transmitted to lending only by banks with limited exposure to sovereign risk. In response to the same 1% policy rate cut, the credit expansion of highly exposed stressed countries banks was instead 2.75% weaker than that of banks in non-stressed countries. These findings support existing evidence on sovereign risk having direct adverse consequences for bank lending and highlight the extent to which sovereign risk aggravated heterogeneities in the transmission on monetary policy to the real economy via the banking system during the euro area debt crisis.

Download or read book Global Banks and International Shock Transmission written by Nicola Cetorelli and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-11 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global banks played a significant role in transmitting the 2007-09 financial crisis to emerging-market (EM) economies. The authors examine adverse liquidity shocks on main developed-country banking systems and their relationships to EM across Europe, Asia, and Latin Amer., isolating loan supply from loan demand effects. Loan supply in EM across Europe, Asia, and Latin Amer. was affected significantly through three separate channels: (1) a contraction in direct, cross-border lending by foreign banks; (2) a contraction in local lending by foreign banks¿ affiliates in EM; and (3) a contraction in loan supply by domestic banks, resulting from the funding shock to their balance sheets induced by the decline in interbank, cross-border lending. Charts and tables.

Download or read book Credit Market Imperfections and the Heterogeneous Response of Firms to Monetary Shocks written by Jonas Daniel Maurice Fisher and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Crime and the Economy in Mexican States written by Ms.Concha Verdugo Yepes and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-06-04 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies the transmission of crime shocks to the economy in a sample of 32 Mexican states over the period from 1993 to 2012. The paper uses a panel structural VAR approach which accounts for the heterogeneity of the dynamic state level responses in GDP, FDI and international migration flows, and measures the transmission via the impulse response of homicide rates. The approach also allows the study of the pattern of economic responses among states. In particular, the percentage of GDP devoted to new construction and the perception of public security are characteristics that are shown to be associated with the sign and magnitude of the responses of economic variables to crime shocks.

Download or read book Collateral Heterogeneity and Monetary Policy Transmission written by Cecilia R. Caglio and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using matched firm-bank level administrative data for the U.S., we document new facts on heterogeneity in firms' financing conditions and quantify its effects on monetary policy transmission. Most private firms in the U.S. are small-medium-size-enterprises (SMEs), whose entire balance sheet debt comes from banks and is collateralized mostly with earnings and intangibles, i.e., their enterprise value. Highly leveraged SMEs' respond to monetary expansions more by increasing their credit demand. They borrow more at lower spreads by pledging earnings-based collateral, whose value increases with monetary expansions. Our results link the bank lending and firm investment channels of monetary policy and show that the impact of policy on investment is stronger in an environment with a large number of small firms, whose borrowing depends on earnings-based constraints.