Download or read book Heterogeneity and Persistence in Returns to Wealth written by Andreas Fagereng and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-07-27 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We provide a systematic analysis of the properties of individual returns to wealth using twelve years of population data from Norway’s administrative tax records. We document a number of novel results. First, during our sample period individuals earn markedly different average returns on their financial assets (a standard deviation of 14%) and on their net worth (a standard deviation of 8%). Second, heterogeneity in returns does not arise merely from differences in the allocation of wealth between safe and risky assets: returns are heterogeneous even within asset classes. Third, returns are positively correlated with wealth: moving from the 10th to the 90th percentile of the financial wealth distribution increases the return by 3 percentage points - and by 17 percentage points when the same exercise is performed for the return to net worth. Fourth, wealth returns exhibit substantial persistence over time. We argue that while this persistence partly reflects stable differences in risk exposure and assets scale, it also reflects persistent heterogeneity in sophistication and financial information, as well as entrepreneurial talent. Finally, wealth returns are (mildly) correlated across generations. We discuss the implications of these findings for several strands of the wealth inequality debate.
Download or read book Heterogeneity in Financial Markets written by Bart Frijns and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Implications of Heterogeneity and Inequality for Asset Pricing written by Stavros Panageas and published by Now Publishers. This book was released on 2020-11-23 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Implications of Heterogeneity and Inequality for Asset Pricing provides a unified framework to better understand this large literature and to reconcile several of the seemingly inconsistent results found in some seminal papers.
Download or read book The Importance of Investor Heterogeneity and Financial Market Imperfections for the Behavior of Asset Prices Classic Reprint written by John Heaton and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-12-15 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Importance of Investor Heterogeneity and Financial Market Imperfections for the Behavior of Asset Prices In this section we present a series of incomplete market models in order to systematically show how various forms of market frictions can affect predicted asset prices. In particular, we investigate the effects of non-contractable shocks to individual income, the persistence and conditional volatility of these individual shocks, borrowing and short sales constraints, and transactions costs in asset markets. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Download or read book Imperfect Information and Investor Heterogeneity in the Bond Market written by Frank Riedel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Real world investors differ in their tastes and attitudes and they do not have, in general, perfect information about the future prospects of the economy. Most theoretical models, however, assume to the contrary that investors are homogeneous and perfectly informed about the market. In this book, an attempt is made to overcome these shortcomings. In three different case studies, the effect of heterogeneous time preferences, heterogeneous beliefs and imperfect information about the economy's growth on the term structure of interest rates are studied. The initial chapter gives an introduction to the theory of financial markets in continuous time under imperfect information and establishes the existence of an equilibrium with complete markets.
Download or read book Expectation in financial markets written by David M. Ritzwoller and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Newly available panel data on investor expectations of future returns to the stock market suggest that (1) there is a large degree of heterogeneity in the ways that investors form beliefs about future stock market returns, that (2) investors frequently change the ways that they form their beliefs, that (3) investor's decisions to change the way that they form beliefs are influences by changes in market behavior, and that (4) adaptation in the ways that investors form beliefs significantly effect aggregate price dynamics. First, I reproduce, refine, and substantially expand a nonparametric procedure initially developed in Dominitz and Manski (2011) to classify investor expectations into three "expectation-types" based on how investors revise their expectations for returns relative to the change in recent returns. I find that there is substantial heterogeneity in expectation-types and frequent adaptation between expectation-types. Second, I show that the probability of transitioning to a different expectation-type is significantly correlated with the size and sign of the change in recent returns, indicating that the decision to adapt to a different expectation-type is influenced by recent market behavior. Third, I develop a simple, stylized, agent-based model of adaptation of expectation-types and argue that adaptive behavior can significantly influence aggregate price dynamics in ways consistent with observed stock market behavior.
Download or read book Multifractal Volatility written by Laurent E. Calvet and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2008-10-13 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calvet and Fisher present a powerful, new technique for volatility forecasting that draws on insights from the use of multifractals in the natural sciences and mathematics and provides a unified treatment of the use of multifractal techniques in finance. A large existing literature (e.g., Engle, 1982; Rossi, 1995) models volatility as an average of past shocks, possibly with a noise component. This approach often has difficulty capturing sharp discontinuities and large changes in financial volatility. Their research has shown the advantages of modelling volatility as subject to abrupt regime changes of heterogeneous durations. Using the intuition that some economic phenomena are long-lasting while others are more transient, they permit regimes to have varying degrees of persistence. By drawing on insights from the use of multifractals in the natural sciences and mathematics, they show how to construct high-dimensional regime-switching models that are easy to estimate, and substantially outperform some of the best traditional forecasting models such as GARCH. The goal of Multifractal Volatility is to popularize the approach by presenting these exciting new developments to a wider audience. They emphasize both theoretical and empirical applications, beginning with a style that is easily accessible and intuitive in early chapters, and extending to the most rigorous continuous-time and equilibrium pricing formulations in final chapters. Presents a powerful new technique for forecasting volatility Leads the reader intuitively from existing volatility techniques to the frontier of research in this field by top scholars at major universities The first comprehensive book on multifractal techniques in finance, a cutting-edge field of research
Download or read book The Importance of Investor Heterogeneity and Financial Market Imperfections for the Behavior of Asset Prices written by John Heaton and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Financial Markets Dynamics and Evolution written by Thorsten Hens and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-06-12 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The models of portfolio selection and asset price dynamics in this volume seek to explain the market dynamics of asset prices. Presenting a range of analytical, empirical, and numerical techniques as well as several different modeling approaches, the authors depict the state of debate on the market selection hypothesis. By explicitly assuming the heterogeneity of investors, they present models that are descriptive and normative as well, making the volume useful for both finance theorists and financial practitioners. Explains the market dynamics of asset prices, offering insights about asset management approaches Assumes a heterogeneity of investors that yields descriptive and normative models of portfolio selections and asset pricing dynamics
Download or read book Heterogeneous Agents in Financial Markets written by Remco C. J. Zwinkels and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Financial Markets Equilibrium with Heterogeneous Agents written by Jaksa Cvitanic and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents an equilibrium model in a pure exchange economy when investors have three possible sources of heterogeneity. Investors may differ in their beliefs, in their level of risk aversion and in their time preference rate. We study the impact of investors heterogeneity on the properties of the equilibrium. In particular, we analyze the consumption shares, the market price of risk, the risk free rate, the bond prices at different maturities, the stock price and volatility as well as the stockís cumulative returns, and optimal portfolio strategies. We relate the heterogeneous economy with the family of associated homogeneous economies with only one class of investors. We consider cross sectional as well as asymptotic properties.
Download or read book Ambiguity Aversion and Heterogeneity in Financial Markets an Empirical and Theoretical Perspective written by B. Pataracchia and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Studies in Labor Markets written by Sherwin Rosen and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-12-01 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers in this volume present an excellent sampling of the best of current research in labor economics, combining the most sophisticated theory and econometric methods with high-quality data on a variety of problems. Originally presented at a Universities-National Bureau Committee for Economic Research conference on labor markets in 1978, and not published elsewhere, the thirteen papers treat four interrelated themes: labor mobility, job turnover, and life-cycle dynamics; the analysis of unemployment compensation and employment policy; labor market discrimination; and labor market information and investment. The Introduction by Sherwin Rosen provides a thoughtful guide to the contents of the papers and offers suggestions for continuing research.
Download or read book Incomplete Information and Heterogeneous Beliefs in Continuous time Finance written by Alexandre C. Ziegler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-02 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After a brief review of the existing incomplete information literature, the effect of incomplete information on investors' exptected utility, risky asset prices, and interest rates is described. It is demonstrated that increasing the quality of investors' information need not increase their expected utility and the prices of risky assets. The impact of other factors is discussed in detail. It is also demonstrated that financial markets in general do not aggregate information efficiently, a fact that can explain the equity premium puzzle.
Download or read book Modeling Financial Markets with Heterogeneous Interacting Agents written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Financial market has been extensively recognized as a complex system, where large number of heterogeneous agents contribute to price formation of asset. Interactions and adaptations of these agents form the core foundation of market operations and its resultant characteristic properties. These market agents are highly diverse in their perception of the world around them and in the way they respond to it. Various studies of statistical properties of financial markets and price fluctuations have revealed a rich set of typical characteristics knows as stylized facts. Agent-based models that can reproduce these stylized facts and explain the roots of complex dynamics of financial market have been subject of intense research in recent time. The Minority Game Model proposed by Challet and Zhang is one such model that presents a simplified paradigm of financial market. Another model proposed by Lux and Marchesi offers a different perspective to agent-based modeling, where parallels are drawn between the physical system with a large number of interacting units and financial markets. The Minority Game model succeeds to a certain extent in reproducing stylized facts and explaining behavioral foundation of it. However, in attempt to present a simplified picture of market scenario both these models make certain assumptions that dilute the heterogeneity aspect of the real market. In real world markets, agents are truly diverse in their thinking, strategy, action and analyzing ability. Due to these unrealistic assumptions, the model can be validated only with a very limited spectrum of parameters. Also, it's difficult to point out precisely which aspects of the game contribute to some of the stylized facts producible with the model. To improve on these issues, we have developed a model and a simulator based on modified minority game, which we are referring to as "adapted minority game." The main focus of our research is on improving the heterogeneity aspect of agents, their interactions, and bringing fundamental value of asset into the Minority Game model. Our model introduces fundamentalist agents into the minority game model and also allows agents to have different historical memory and time horizons. Furthermore, agents are free to switch from one trading strategy group to another to improve their chances of performing better. Reproducing the stylized facts still remains the benchmark for validating our model. Our adapted minority game succeeds to an extent in expanding the spectrum of parameters that can be used for modeling the market. Agents' interactions and adaptations have been tracked down to the basis of stylized facts. An interesting property of periodic volatility is successfully demonstrated with our model.
Download or read book Expectation Formation in Financial Markets written by Bart Frijns and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We set up an endowment based asset pricing model in which agents have heterogeneous expectations about the future price level. Expectations are a function of fundamentals, trends, and sentiment. Agents are allowed to switch between expectation formation functions based on past performance as well as sentiment. Estimation results on the S&P500 reveal that there is heterogeneity between agents, with substantial switching between groups. We find that sentiment has a direct effect on expectations. Specifically, heterogeneity is increasing in sentiment, and sentiment reduces the frequency of switching between functions.
Download or read book Heterogeneity Market Mechanisms and Asset Price Dynamics written by Carl Chiarella and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter surveys the boundedly rational heterogeneous agent (BRHA) models of financial markets, to the development of which the authors and several co-authors have contributed in various papers. We give particular emphasis to role of the market clearing mechanism used, the utility function of the investors, the interaction of price and wealth dynamics, portfolio implications, the impact of stochastic elements on the markets dynamics, and calibration of this class of models. Due to agents' behavioural features and market noise, the BRHA models are both nonlinear and stochastic. We show that the BRHA models produce both a locally stable fundamental equilibrium corresponding to that of standard paradigm, as well as instability with a consequent rich range of possible complex behaviours characterised both indirectly by simulation and directly by stochastic bifurcations. A calibrated model is able to reproduce quite well the stylized facts of financial markets. The BRHA framework is thus able to accommodate market features that seem not easily reconcilable for the standard financial market paradigm, such as fat tail, volatility clustering, large excursions from the fundamental and bubbles.
