Download or read book Heteroatom doped Nanoporous Carbons written by Babak Ashourirad and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activated carbons as emerging classes of porous materials have gained tremendous attention because of their versatile applications such as gas storage/separations sorbents, oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts and supercapacitor electrodes. This diversity originates from fascinating features such as low-cost, lightweight, thermal, chemical and physical stability as well as adjustable textural properties. More interestingly, sole heteroatom or combinations of various elements can be doped into their framework to modify the surface chemistry. Among all dopants, nitrogen as the most frequently used element, induces basicity and charge delocalization into the carbon network and enhances selective adsorption of CO2. Transformation of a task-specific and single source precursor to heteroatom-doped carbon through a one-step activation process is considered a novel and efficient strategy. With these considerations in mind, we developed multiple series of heteroatom doped porous carbons by using nitrogen containing carbon precursors. Benzimidazole-linked polymers (BILP-5), benzimidazole monomer (BI) and azo-linked polymers (ALP-6) were successfully transformed into heteroatom-doped carbons through chemical activation by potassium hydroxide. Alternative activation by zinc chloride and direct heating was also applied to ALP-6. The controlled activation/carbonization process afforded diverse textural properties, adjustable heteroatom doping levels and remarkable gas sorption properties. Nitrogen isotherms at 77 K revealed that micropores dominate the porous structure of carbons. The highest Brunauer-Emett-Teller (BET) surface area (4171 m2g−1) and pore volume (2.3 cm3g−1) were obtained for carbon synthesized by KOH activation of BI at 700°C. In light of the synergistic effect of basic heteroatoms and fine micropores, all carbons exhibit remarkable gas capture and selectivity. Particularly, BI and BIPL-5 derived carbons feature unprecedented CO2 uptakes of 6.2 mmol g−1 (1 bar) and 2.1 mmol g−1 (0.15 bar) at 298 K, respectively. The ALP-6 derived carbons retained considerable amount of nitrogen dopants (up to 14.4 wt%) after heat treatment owing to the presence of more stable nitrogen-nitrogen bonds compared to nitrogen-carbon bonds in BILP-5 and BI precursors. Subsequently, the highest selectivity of 62 for CO2/N2 and 11 for CO2/CH4 were obtained at 298 K for a carbon prepared by KOH activation of ALP-6 at 500°C.

Download or read book Molecular Design of Heteroatom doped Nanoporous Carbons with Controlled Porosity and Surface Polarity for Gas Physisorption and Energy Storage written by Sol Youk and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world energy consumption has constantly increased every year due to economic development and population growth. This inevitably caused vast amount of CO2 emission, and the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere keeps increasing with economic growth. To reduce CO2 emission, various methods have been developed but there are still many bottlenecks to be solved. Solvents easily absorbing CO2 such as monoethanol-amine (MEA) and diethanolamine, for example, have limitations of solvent loss, amine degradation, vulnerability to heat and toxicity, and the high cost of regeneration which is especially caused due to chemisorption process. Though some of these drawbacks can be compensated through physisorption with zeolites and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) by displaying significant adsorption selectivity and capacity even in ambient conditions, limitations for these materials still exist. Zeolites demand relatively high regeneration energy and have limited adsorption kinetics due to the exceptionally narrow pore structure. MOFs have low ...

Download or read book Supercapacitors written by Francois Beguin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-02 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supercapacitors are a relatively new energy storage system that provides higher energy density than dielectric capacitors and higher power density than batteries. They are particularly suited to applications that require energy pulses during short periods of time, e.g., seconds or tens of seconds. They are recommended for automobiles, tramways, buses, cranes, fork-lifts, wind turbines, electricity load leveling in stationary and transportation systems, etc. Despite the technological maturity of supercapacitors, there is a lack of comprehensive literature on the topic. Many high performance materials have been developed and new scientific concepts have been introduced. Taking into account the commercial interest in these systems and the new scientific and technological developments now is the ideal time to publish this book, capturing all this new knowledge. The book starts by giving an introduction to the general principles of electrochemistry, the properties of electrochemical capacitors, and electrochemical characterization techniques. Electrical double layer capacitors and pseudocapacitors are then discussed, followed by the various electrolyte systems. Modelling, manufacture of industrial capacitors, constraints, testing, and reliability as well as applications are also covered. 'Supercapacitors - Materials, Systems, and Applications' is part of the series on Materials for Sustainable Energy and Development edited by Prof. G.Q. Max Lu. The series covers advances in materials science and innovation for renewable energy, clean use of fossil energy, and greenhouse gas mitigation and associated environmental technologies.

Download or read book Element Doped Functional Carbon Based Materials written by Sergio Morales-Torres and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-01-28 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon materials are one of the most fascinating materials because of their unique properties and potential use in several applications. They can be obtained from residues or by using advanced synthesis technologies like chemical vapor deposition. The carbon family is very broad, ranging from classical activated carbons to more advanced species such as carbon nanotubes and graphene. The surface chemistry is one of the most interesting aspects of this broad family of materials, which allows the incorporation of different types of chemical functionalities or heteroatoms on the carbon surface, such as O, N, B, S, or P, which can modify the acid–base character, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, or the electronic properties of these materials and, thus, determine the final application. This book represents a collection of original research articles and communications focused on the synthesis, properties, and applications of heteroatom-doped functional carbon materials.

Download or read book Nanocarbons for Advanced Energy Storage written by Xinliang Feng and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-08-25 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this second volume in the first book series on nanocarbons for advanced applications the highly renowned series and volume editor has put together a top author team of internationally acclaimed experts on carbon materials. Divided into three major parts, this reference provides a current overview of the design, synthesis, and characterization of nanocarbons, such as carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, graphenes, and porous carbons for energy conversion applications. It covers such varied topics as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions in the different types of fuel cells, metal-air batteries and electrode materials for photovoltaic devices, as well as photocatalysts, electrocatalysts and photoelectrocatalysts for water splitting. Throughout, the authors highlight the unique aspects of nanocarbon materials in these fields, with a particular focus on the physico-chemical properties which lead to enhanced device performances.

Download or read book Microsupercapacitors written by Kazufumi Kobashi and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2021-10-01 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microsupercapacitors systematically guides the reader through the key materials, characterization techniques, performance factors and potential applications and benefits to society of this emerging electrical energy storage solution. The book reviews the technical challenges in scaling down supercapacitors, covering materials, performance, design and applications perspectives. Sections provide a fundamental understanding of microsupercapacitors and compare them to existing energy storage technologies. Final discussions consider the factors that impact performance, potential tactics to improve performance, barriers to implementation, emerging solutions to those barriers, and a future outlook. This book will be of particular interest to materials scientists and engineers working in academia, research and development. Provides a concise introduction of the fundamental science, related technological challenges, and solutions that microsupercapacitors can offer Compares microsupercapacitors with current technologies Reviews the applications of new strategies and the challenge of scaling down supercapacitors Covers the most relevant applications, including energy storage, energy harvesting, sensors and biomedical devices

Download or read book Synthesis of Ordered Mesoporous Materials Via Microwave Processing and Highly Heteroatom Doped Ordered Mesoporous Carbons for Energy Storage written by Yanfeng Xia and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ordered mesoporous materials, with pore diameter between 2 nm to 50 nm, have drawn researchers interests due to their superb properties including large surface area, uniform and adjustable pore architecture and good mechanical property, which allow a variety of different applications of the mesoporous materials, including catalysis, separation, purification, sensing and energy storage. Researchers have also reported different functionalization strategies of these mesoporous materials to improve the properties, such as improving electrochemical property by heteroatom doping of mesoporous carbon. One generalized synthetic strategy to synthesize ordered mesoporous materials is soft templating method. The functionalization of these mesoporous materials, such as heteroatom doping, can sometimes to lead ordered porous structure collapse, which is usually due to structure deformation during high temperature treatment. For instance, it is challenging to synthesize ordered mesoporous metal oxide with high crystalline pore wall with soft-templating method, as the growth of the crystals can deform the ordered porous structure. Meanwhile, it is difficult to synthesize ordered mesoporous carbon with high doping level (>10 at%) via soft-templating strategy as well, since the rapid doping reaction at high temperature can lead to ordered structure collapse due to the high vapor pressure generated by doping reactions. Here, we demonstrate several facile synthetic routes to fabricate highly crystalline ordered mesoporous metal oxide and heteroatom doped ordered mesoporous carbon. The application of the nitrogen doped mesoporous carbons in energy storage has also been discussed in this dissertation.Ordered mesoporous manganese oxide has been reported to be useful in energy storage due to its good electrochemical property, as the transition metal manganese has half-filled 3d orbital, which allows it to donate or accept electrons. However, synthesizing ordered mesoporous manganese oxide with high crystallinity with soft-templating strategy is challenging, as the crystal formation during thermal treatment can deform the ordered porous structure. In this dissertation, the synthesis of ordered mesoporous crystalline manganese oxide films is achieved by microwave-assisted processing to convert manganese carbonate precursor to the oxide, remove the polymeric template and crystallize the Mn3O4, all within 1 min. The microwave heating in this case is primarily induced by the microwave cross-section of the substrate (silicon wafer), together with the absorption of microwaves by manganese oxide to provide local energy, which can provide energy for nucleation/crystallization. Conversely, heating manganese carbonate in a muffle furnace at an analogous surface temperature leads to nanostructure collapse with low crystallinity. Apart from the synthesis of highly crystalline ordered mesoporous metal oxide, we also demonstrate the functionalization of ordered mesoporous carbon via heteroatom doping. Doped carbons can exhibit enhanced electronic, electrochemical and mechanical properties compared with un-doped carbons. These properties enable their use in applications, such as photovoltaics, catalysis and energy storage. For these applications, nano porosity and high heteroatom doping are generally desirable due to large surface area provided by nanoporous structure and improved properties contributed by heteroatom doping. However, it is challenging to achieve high content of heteroatoms doped carbons as well as maintaining the nanoporous structure. One common method of doping is to use heteroatom containing polymer precursors and carbonizing to synthesize doped carbon, where heteroatom content is limited by the number density of heteroatoms in the precursors. Additionally, during calcination, the nanoporous structure can collapse due to the contraction of pores. In this dissertation, a generalized synthetic strategy for highly doped ordered mesoporous carbons is reported. High concentrations of heteroatom doping in ordered mesoporous carbon is achieved by infiltration of molten dopants into silica reinforced mesoporous crosslinked polymer (phenolic resol) bi-continuous framework and subsequent carbonization. This method is demonstrated to generate ordered mesoporous carbons with high heteroatom content (> 10%) for a wide variety of elements including nitrogen, boron, sulfur and phosphorus, with ordered structure preserved. With the generalized synthetic route, nitrogen doped multi-shell hollow carbon are fabricated as a matrix material for Lithium-sulfur batteries. The hierarchical hollow structure and chemical decoration (heteroatom doping) of carbon framework can help to suppress polysulfide shuttling, while the macropore provides large pore volume to increase sulfur loading. The nitrogen doped sample shows better cycle stability compared with un-doped sample. Given that this hollow structure with a macropore can increase sulfur loading, the specific capacity is much lower compared with other cases where the pores are much smaller because of the low conductivity of sulfur.In addition, we also systematically investigate how nitrogen doping influences the rate that molten sulfur can infiltrate and the overall extent of pore filling of highly ordered mesoporous doped carbons via in-situ small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). Nitrogen doping introduces polar bonds to the carbon framework, which can slow down the diffusion of nonpolar sulfur molecules into porous carbon. These in-situ SAXS measurements provide insights about kinetics information for diffusion of sulfur into mesopores and how the surface chemistry of nitrogen doped carbon can significantly hinder the infiltration of the mesopores by sulfur. In summary, this dissertation focuses on the functionalization of ordered mesoporous material without losing the ordered structure, as well as the application of nitrogen doped carbon in energy storage.

Download or read book Porous Carbons written by Feiyu Kang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-11-04 with total page 874 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon materials form pores ranging in size and morphology, from micropores of less than 1nm, to macropores of more than 50nm, and from channel-like spaces with homogenous diameters in carbon nanotubes, to round spaces in various fullerene cages, including irregularly-shaped pores in polycrystalline carbon materials. The large quantity and rapid rate of absorption of various molecules made possible by these attributes of carbon materials are now used in the storage of foreign atoms and ions for energy storage, conversion and adsorption, and for environmental remediation. Porous Carbons: Syntheses and Applications focuses on the fabrication and application of porous carbons. It considers fabrication at three scales: micropores, mesopores, and macropores. Carbon foams, sponges, and 3D-structured carbons are detailed. The title presents applications in four key areas: energy storage, energy conversion, energy adsorption, including batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells and environmental remediation, emphasizing the importance of pore structures at the three scales, and the diffusion and storage of various ions and molecules. The book presents a short history of each technique and material, and assesses advantages and disadvantages. This focused book provides researchers with a comprehensive understanding of both pioneering and current synthesis techniques for porous carbons, and their modern applications. Presents modern porous carbon synthesis techniques and modern applications of porous carbons Presents current research on porous carbons in energy storage, conversion and adsorption, and in environmental remediation Provides a history and assessment of both pioneering and current cutting-edge synthesis techniques and materials Covers a significant range of precursor materials, preparation techniques, and characteristics Considers the future development of porous carbons and their various potential applications

Download or read book Porous Polymers written by Michael S. Silverstein and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-04-19 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers the various aspects of the porous polymer field into one volume. It not only presents a fundamental description of the field, but also describes the state of the art for such materials and provides a glimpse into the future. Emphasizing a different aspect of the ongoing research and development in porous polymers, the book is divided into three sections: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications. The first part of each chapter presents the basic scientific and engineering principles underlying the topic, while the second part presents the state of the art results based on those principles. In this fashion, the book connects and integrates topics from seemingly disparate fields, each of which embodies different aspects inherent in the diverse field of porous polymeric materials.

Download or read book Mesoporous Materials for Advanced Energy Storage and Conversion Technologies written by San Ping Jiang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-05-25 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innovation through specific and rational design and functionalization has led to the development of a wide range of mesoporous materials with varying morphologies (hexagonal, cubic, rod-like), structures (silicates, carbons, metal oxides), and unique functionalities (doping, acid functionalization) that currently makes this field one of the most exciting in materials science and energy applications. This book focuses primarily on the rapid progress in their application in energy conversion and storage technologies, including supercapacitor, Li-ion battery, fuel cells, solar cells, and photocatalysis (water splitting) and will serve as a valuable reference for researchers in the field

Download or read book Carbon Allotropes Metal Complex Chemistry Properties and Applications written by Boris Ildusovich Kharisov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-02 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a detailed description of metal-complex functionalized carbon allotrope forms, including classic (such as graphite), rare (such as M- or T-carbon), and nanoforms (such as carbon nanotubes, nanodiamonds, etc.). Filling a void in the nanotechnology literature, the book presents chapters generalizing the synthesis, structure, properties, and applications of all known carbon allotropes. Metal-complex composites of carbons are described, along with several examples of their preparation and characterization, soluble metal-complex carbon composites, cost-benefit data, metal complexes as precursors of carbon allotropes, and applications. A lab manual on the synthesis and characterization of carbon allotropes and their metal-complex composites is included. Provides a complete description of all carbon allotropes, both classic and rare, as well as carbon nanostructures and their metal-complex composites; Contains a laboratory manual of experiments on the synthesis and characterization of metal-complex carbon composites; Discusses applications in diverse fields, such as catalysis on supporting materials, water treatment, sensors, drug delivery, and devices.

Download or read book Carbon Based Metal Free Catalysts written by Liming Dai and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-08-29 with total page 746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering comprehensive coverage of this hot topic, this two-volume handbook and ready reference treats a wide range of important aspects, from synthesis and catalytic properties of carbon materials to their applications as metal-free catalysts in various important reactions and industrial processes. Following a look at recent advances in the development of carbon materials as carbon-based metal-free catalysts, subsequent sections deal with a mechanistic understanding for the molecular design of efficient carbon-based metal-free catalysts, with a special emphasis on heteroatom-doped carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphite. Examples of important catalytic processes covered include clean energy conversion and storage, environmental protection, and synthetic chemistry. With contributions from world-leading scientists, this is an indispensable source of information for academic and industrial researchers in catalysis, green chemistry, electrochemistry, materials science, nanotechnology, energy technology, and chemical engineering, as well as graduates and scientists entering the field.

Download or read book Emerging Carbon Materials for Catalysis written by Samahe Sadjadi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-09-24 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging Carbon Materials for Catalysis covers various carbon-based materials with a focus on their utility for catalysis. Each chapter examines the photo and electrocatalytic applications of a material, including hybrid systems composed of carbon materials. The range of chemical reactions that can be catalyzed with each material—as well as the potential drawbacks of each—are discussed. Covering nanostructured systems, as well as other microstructured materials, the book reviews emerging carbon-based structures, including carbon organic frameworks. Written by a global team of experts, this volume is ideal for graduate students and researchers working in organic chemistry, catalysis, nanochemistry, and nanomaterials. Introduces novel and emerging carbon materials with utility for photocatalysis and electrocatalysis Covers a wide range of photochemical and electrochemical processes that can be catalyzed by carbon-based catalysts Addresses the hybrid systems composed of carbon materials for catalysis Serves as an ideal reference for graduate students and researchers working in organic chemistry, catalysis, nanochemistry, and nanomaterials.

Download or read book Graphene Based Electrochemical Sensors for Biomolecules written by A. Pandikumar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-10-22 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Graphene-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Biomolecules presents the latest on these nanomaterials that have gained a lot of attention based on their unique properties of high mechanical flexibility, large surface area, chemical stability, superior electric and thermal conductivities that render them great choices as alternative electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage and sensor applications. The hybridization of graphene with other nanomaterials induces a synergetic effect, leading to the improvement in electrical conductivity, stability and an enhancement of the electrocatalytic activity of the new nanocomposite material. This book discusses the electrochemical determination of a variety of biomolecules using graphene-based nanocomposite materials. Finally, recent progress in the development of electrochemical sensors using graphene-based nanocomposite materials and perspectives on future opportunities in sensor research and development are discussed in detail. Covers the importance of detecting biomolecules and the application of graphene and its nanocomposite materials in the detection of a wide variety of bioanalytes Presents easily understood fundamentals of electrochemical sensing systems and the role of graphene-based nanocomposite materials in research and development

Download or read book Biomass Biofuels Biochemicals written by S.Venkata Mohan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-09-28 with total page 1148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass, Biofuels, Biochemicals encompasses the potential of microbial electrochemical technologies, delineating their role in developing a technology for abating environmental crisis and enabling transformation to a sustainable future. The book provides new and futuristic methods for bioelectrogenesis, multiple product synthesis, waste remediation strategies, and electromicrobiology generation which are widely essential to individuals from industry, marketing, activists, writers, etc. In addition, it provides essential knowledge transfer to researchers, students and science enthusiasts on Microbial Electrochemical Technologies, detailing the functional mechanisms employed, various operational configurations, influencing factors governing the reaction progress and integration strategies. With these key topics and features, the book generates interest among a wide range of people related to renewable energy generation and sustainable environmental research. Depicts the holistic view of the multiple applications of Microbial Electrochemical Technologies (METs) in a unified comprehensible manner Provides strategic integrations of MET with various bioprocesses that are essential in establishing a circular biorefinery Widens the scope of the existing technologies, giving up-to date, state-of-the-art information and knowledge on research and commercialization Contains topics that are lucid, providing interdisciplinary knowledge on the environment, molecular biology, engineering, biotechnology, microbiology and economic aspects Includes more than 75 illustrations, figures, diagrams, flow charts, and tables for further study

Download or read book Waste Recycling Technologies for Nanomaterials Manufacturing written by Abdel Salam Hamdy Makhlouf and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-09 with total page 870 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the recent advances in the wastes recycling technologies to provide low-cost and alternative ways for nanomaterials production. It shows how carbon nanomaterials can be synthesized from different waste sources such as banana fibers, argan (Argania spinosa) seed shells, corn grains, camellia oleifera shell, sugar cane bagasse, oil palm (empty fruit bunches and leaves) and palm kernel shells. Several nanostructured metal oxides (MnO2, Co3O4,....) can be synthesized via recycling of spent batteries. The recovered nanomaterials can be applied in many applications including: Energy (supercapacitors, solar cells, etc.) water treatments (heavy metal ions and dyes removal) and other applications. Spent battery and agriculture waste are rich precursors for metals and carbon, respectively. The book also explores the various recycling techniques, agriculture waste recycling, batteries recycling, and different applications of the recycled materials.

Download or read book Room temperature Sodium Sulfur Batteries written by Vipin Kumar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-12-08 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Highlights scientific challenges in developing room-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries Covers pertinent anode, cathode, and electrolyte engineering Provides scientific and technical interpretation for each of the cell components Discusses how Na-S batteries relate to the more extensively researched Li-S batteries Explores importance of the SEI and CEI in developing stable sodium-sulfur batteries