Download or read book Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 UL31 and UL34 Proteins and Their Roles in Viral Envelopment at the Inner Nuclear Membrane written by Li Liang and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 U L 31 and U L 34 Proteins and Their Roles in Viral Envelopment at the Inner Nuclear Membrane written by Li Liang and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) UL31 and UL34 proteins interact and target each other to the nuclear membrane of infected cells, and are both required for efficient envelopment of nucleocapsids at the inner nuclear membrane.
Download or read book Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 HSV 1 UL31 UL33 and UL34 Proteins Play Essential Roles in Herpesvirion Morphogenesis written by Ashley Elizabeth Reynolds and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Human Herpesviruses written by Ann Arvin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-08-16 with total page 1325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive account of the human herpesviruses provides an encyclopedic overview of their basic virology and clinical manifestations. This group of viruses includes human simplex type 1 and 2, Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, HHV6A, 6B and 7, and varicella-zoster virus. The viral diseases and cancers they cause are significant and often recurrent. Their prevalence in the developed world accounts for a major burden of disease, and as a result there is a great deal of research into the pathophysiology of infection and immunobiology. Another important area covered within this volume concerns antiviral therapy and the development of vaccines. All these aspects are covered in depth, both scientifically and in terms of clinical guidelines for patient care. The text is illustrated generously throughout and is fully referenced to the latest research and developments.
Download or read book Host And Viral Factors Involved In Regulation Of Nuclear Egress Of Herpes Simplex Virus written by Fan Mou and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nascent nucleocapsids of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) egress from the infected cell nuclei by budding at the inner nuclear membrane (INM), and become enveloped primary virions in the perinuclear space. The envelope then fuses with the outer nuclear membrane (ONM) and the capsids are released into the cytosol, where they acquire tegument proteins and the final envelope at the trans-Golgi network and are delivered to the extracelluar space via secretory vesicles. This complicated process involves interactions between both viral and host factors. The products of viral UL31 and UL34 genes form a complex on the INM that is essential to initiate the primary envelopment reaction. The proper positioning of this complex requires a kinase encoded by the viral US3 gene. In the absence of pUS3 kinase activity, pUL31/pUL34 complexes aggregate on the nuclear rim and perinuclear virions accumulate within invaginations of the INM. I discovered that the nuclear lamina was dramatically perforated near those pUL31/pUL34 aggregations, and identified lamin A/C as a putative substrate of US3 kinase in vitro. The kinase activity was found to be sufficient to induce partial dissolution of lamin A/C from permeabilized cell nuclei. Two-dimensional electrophoretic analyses confirmed that lamin A/C was phosphorylated in HSV-infected cells, and the optimal phosphorylation required US3 kinase activity. These data suggest that US3 kinase activity regulates HSV-1 capsid nuclear egress at least in part by phosphorylation of lamin A/C. Lamins A/C and B1 were shown to interact with pUL34. To determine the roles of these interactions on viral infectivity and pUL34 targeting, the localization of pUL34 was examined in lamin knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) in the presence or absence of pUS3 kinase activity. It was determined that both lamin proteins directly or indirectly modified pUL34 distribution but neither was required for its INM targeting during viral infection. The elimination of lamin B1 made cells less permissive for viral replication, whereas lamin A/C was dispensable for viral infection. Furthermore, in cells infected by the US3 defective virus, the lack of lamin A/C precluded accumulation of perinuclear virions and partially restored replication of this virus. These observations reveal different roles of specific lamins in HSV infection, suggesting that lamin A/C normally impedes viral nuclear egress and that US3 kinase helps alleviate this impediment, whereas lamin B1 is necessary for efficient viral replication, probably through its effects on many cellular signaling pathways. pUL31, the binding partner of pUL34, is also a substrate of pUS3. The N-terminus of pUL31 was found to be critical for the protein's normal function and contains multiple phosphorylation sites for US3 kinase. The phosphorylation was not essential for productive infection, but was necessary for optimal viral growth kinetics. Phosphorylation-deficient pUL31 caused pUL31/pUL34 complex aggregation as well as perinuclear virion accumulation, similar to the phenotype caused by abolishing US3 kinase activity. Mimicking phosphorylation of pUL31 by replacement of phosphorylated residues with glutamic acid largely restored the smooth distribution of pUL34/pUL31, and precluded the perinuclear virion herniations, regardless of US3 kinase activity. However, the pseudo-phosphorylated protein hindered the primary envelopment of capsids. These results indicate that pUL31 phosphorylation is a dynamic event, which mediates pUS3 regulatory functions in both primary envelopment of nucleocapsids and subsequent de-envelopment of perinuclear virions.
Download or read book Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 written by Kari Lynn Roberts and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replicates in the nucleus and buds through the nuclear membrane to access the cytosol and complete the maturation process. The HSV-1 protein pUL31, along with its binding partner, pUL34, has been previously shown to be required for nucleocapsids to successfully bud through the nuclear membrane. pUL31 is also required for efficient viral DNA synthesis and packaging. After the HSV-1 exits the nucleus, the capsid acquires several accessory proteins (tegument) and finally a mature envelope by budding into vesicles of the trans-Golgi network (TGN). These virion-laden vesicles traffic toward the cell periphery and through cortical actin until ultimately the virion is secreted upon fusion of the TGN vesicle with the plasma membrane. The data presented here reveals new roles for pUL31, as cells infected with a UL31-null virus were delayed for viral gene expression as well as activation of NF[kappa]B and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in multiple cell lines. At least one representative from each kinetic class of viral genes was examined at various times post infection. The protein expression defects were not caused by a failure to enter cells, was not rescued by ICP27 expressed in trans and correlated with NF[kappa]B activation. The data shows that these defects were not observed in the absence of the pUL31 binding partner, pUL34, and that while most pUL31 is expressed at late times post infection, low levels are detectable as early as 2 hours post infection. Data presented in this work also demonstrates a role for the actin motor myosin Va in the secretion of HSV-1 virions. Expression of two isoforms of dominant negative myosin Va (DN-myoVa) decreased virion secretion by 5075% as well as significantly decreased surface expression of viral glycoproteins B, M and D. DN-myoVa colocalized with TGN markers and the conformation of native myosin Va in infected cells was altered by 4 hours post infection. These data suggest that myosin Va is involved in the egress of virion-laden TGN vesicles as they transit through cortical actin toward the plasma membrane.
Download or read book The Roles of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Ul34 and Us3 Proteins in Primary Envelopment written by Susan Lynn Bjerke and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scanning Electron Microscopy for the Life Sciences written by Heide Schatten and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to modern scanning electron microscopy instrumentation, methodology and techniques, highlighting novel applications to cell and molecular biology.
Download or read book Cell Biology of Herpes Viruses written by Klaus Osterrieder and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-20 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Herpes viruses are widely distributed in nature, causing disease in organisms as diverse as bivalves and primates, including humans. Each virus appears to have established a long-standing relationship with its host, and the viruses have the ability to manipulate and control the metabolism of host cells, as well as innate and adaptive antiviral immune responses. Herpes viruses maintain themselves within hosts in a latent state resulting in virus persistence for years – usually for the life span of the hosts. Herpes viruses comprise a large number of pathogens with diverse cellular targets and biological consequences of infection. What they have in common is their structure and the fact that they establish a dormant (latent) infection in their hosts that usually persists for life. The reviews here will highlight the general principles of herpes virus infection, with equal attention to overall principle and important difference. Also, the cell type- and life-style dependent differences in the establishment and maintenance of virus persistence will be covered.
Download or read book Human Herpesviruses written by Yasushi Kawaguchi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-12 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces and reviews several topics for each human herpesvirus. One of the most important features of the book is that it covers aspects of both basic research and clinical medicine. Herpesviridae, a family of double-strand DNA viruses, has unique biological features by which these viruses establish latency after primary infection and reactivate in later life. Nine human herpesviruses are known so far, and each of them causes a variety of diseases in both primary infection and reactivation. Since the discovery of each human herpesvirus, an abundance of findings related to them has accumulated in basic research and clinical medicine. However, the vast majority of biological features is still masked in mystery. Furthermore, a strategy of treatment and prevention has not yet been established for most human herpesviruses. A wide range of readers will be interested in this volume with its treatment of problematic points and latest findings in the field.
Download or read book Human Cytomegalovirus written by Thomas E. Shenk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-05-09 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume has gathered some of the experts in the field to review aspects of our understanding of CMV and to offer perspectives of the current problems associated with CMV. The editors and authors hope that the chapters will lead to a better understanding of the virus that will assist in the development of new and unique antivirals, a protective vaccine, and a full understanding of CMV's involvement in human disease.
Download or read book Advances in Virus Research written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-03-17 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published since 1953, Advances in Virus Research covers a diverse range of in-depth reviews, providing a valuable overview of the current field of virology. - Contain contributions from leading authorities - Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field of virology
Download or read book Roles of the Herpes Simplex Virus 1 U L17 and U L28 Genes in Viral DNA Cleavage and Packaging written by Naomi Sachiko Taus and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cell Organelle Exploitation by Viruses During Infection written by Parikshit Bagchi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-06-28 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Identification of Cellular Factors Involved in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Nucelar Egress written by Martina Maric and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The herpesvirus life cycle involves a step where newly formed capsids leave the nucleus by translocating across the intact nuclear envelope (NE). Little is known about the role of cellular factors during nuclear egress. We sought to identify novel cellular proteins that interact with the conserved herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) pUL34 by performing a yeast two-hybrid screen. pUL34 was chosen due to its crucial and multifunctional role during nuclear egress. From 42 cellular factors that interacted with pUL34 in yeast, twelve were further evaluated in mammalian cells by co-localization studies using immunofluorescence. No specific co-location between the tested cellular factors and pUL34 was observed in infected cells, thus the screen failed to convincingly identify novel pUL34 interactors.
Download or read book The Herpesviruses written by Bernard Roizman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A great truth is a truth whose opposite. is also a great truth. Thomas Mann (Essay on Freud, 1937) This volume centers on pseudorabies (PR V), herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), and human cytomegalovirus (CMV) and fulfills three objectives. The chapters on the epidemiology and latency of HSV, and on the glycoproteins specified by HSV and CMV, set the stage for the discussions of the immunobiology and pathogenesis of human herpesvirus infections in Volume 4. The epidemiology of HSV is the basis of our understanding of the spread and survival of this virus in the human populations. Central to the epidemiology of HSV and its pathogenesis in humans is the ability of the virus to remain in a latent state for the life of its host. The viral membrane glycoproteins are among the most interesting virion proteins, primarily because of their critical role in the initiation of infection. Since they are the surface membrane proteins of the virion and appear on the surface of productively infected cells, they are also the obvious if not the exclusive targets of the immune response. The chapters on the transforming potential of HSV and CMV, and on the role of HSV in human cancer, deal with challenging problems requiring rather different experimental tools.
Download or read book Herpes Simplex Virus New Insights for the Healthcare Professional 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Herpes Simplex Virus: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Herpes Simplex Virus. The editors have built Herpes Simplex Virus: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Herpes Simplex Virus in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Herpes Simplex Virus: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
