Download or read book Hemispherical Photography in Forest Science Theory Methods Applications written by Richard A. Fournier and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-11 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents practical information about hemispherical photography from the perspectives of field data acquisition, image processing and information retrieval methods. This book is organized into three sections. The first section describes what is hemispherical photography and what are the fundamental elements of forest structure and light interactions within the forest canopy. The second section provides practical information about the equipment, procedures and tools for procuring, processing and analyzing hemispherical photographs. Armed with this information, the third section describes several applications of hemispherical photographs to forestry and natural resource assessment. The book concludes with a discussion about modelling tools and future directions of this rapidly growing field. There is currently no information source on the market that has this comprehensive range of topics combined in a single book. The book will appeal to academics, graduate students, natural resource professionals and researchers alike.
Download or read book Solar Radiation Modelling and Remote Sensing written by Dimitris Kaskaoutis and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-06-17 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurate solar radiation knowledge and its characterization on the Earth’s surface are of high interest in many aspects of environmental and engineering sciences. Modeling of solar irradiance from satellite imagery has become the most widely used method for retrieving solar irradiance information under total sky conditions, particularly in the solar energy community. Solar radiation modeling, forecasting, and characterization continue to be broad areas of study, research, and development in the scientific community. This Special Issue contains a small sample of the current activities in this field. Both the environmental and climatology community, as the solar energy world, share a great interest in improving modeling tools and capabilities for obtaining more reliable and accurate knowledge of solar irradiance components worldwide. The work presented in this Special Issue also remarks on the significant role that remote sensing technologies play in retrieving and forecasting solar radiation information.
Download or read book Geospatial Technologies for Effective Land Governance written by El-Ayachi, Moha and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2018-10-12 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Land, as a fundamental resource in regional development, provides major opportunities for farming, housing, urban planning, and financing. In order to meet the requirements of the new era, every state has developed and implemented a series of policies according to its national specificities and to the international regulations and trends. Geospatial Technologies for Effective Land Governance is a pivotal reference source that provides vital research on the application of the use of GNSS, remote sensing, and GIS. While highlighting topics such as crop management, multispectral images, and irrigation, this publication explores land administration, encompassing both cadastral systems and land registration, as well as the methods of land governance strategies. This book is ideally designed for researchers, agricultural professionals, engineers, environmentalists, land developers, educators, students, and policymakers seeking current research on land and land-based conflicts in urban and rural communities.
Download or read book Lecture Notes in Computational Intelligence and Decision Making written by Sergii Babichev and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-22 with total page 805 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is devoted to current problems of artificial and computational intelligence including decision-making systems. Collecting, analysis, and processing information are the current directions of modern computer science. Development of new modern information and computer technologies for data analysis and processing in various fields of data mining and machine learning creates the conditions for increasing effectiveness of the information processing by both the decrease of time and the increase of accuracy of the data processing. The book contains of 54 science papers which include the results of research concerning the current directions in the fields of data mining, machine learning, and decision making. The papers are divided in terms of their topic into three sections. The first section "Analysis and Modeling of Complex Systems and Processes" contains of 26 papers, and the second section "Theoretical and Applied Aspects of Decision-Making Systems" contains of 13 papers. There are 15 papers in the third section "Computational Intelligence and Inductive Modeling". The book is focused to scientists and developers in the fields of data mining, machine learning and decision-making systems.
Download or read book Living far from the ground Strategies of forest epiphytes written by Paolo Giordani and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-05-02 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Use of Hemispherical Photographs in Forest Ecology written by P. L. Mitchell and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of Forest Canopies by Photography written by Philip L. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A technique for evaluating forest canopies was developed based on the use of a divergent lens system to obtain hemispherical photographs of tree crowns. The photography was processed from 35 mm film and enlarged as a silhouette, and the light transmission was measured with a specially fabricated macrodensitometer. It is shown by application to a variety of problems in diverse geographical areas that this technique can be used for measuring both temporal and spatial changes in the canopy, for estimating the shade light climate, and for specifying the probability of target detection through a canopy. Data are presented to analyze changes caused by explosions, radioactivity, growing season, and vegetation types. The geometry of gaps in three crowns is discussed and the nature of shade light quality under forests is illustrated. (Author).
Download or read book A Method for Estimating Canopy Openness Effective Leaf Area Index and Photosynthetically Active Photon Flux Density Using Hemispherical Photography and Computerized Image Analysis Techniques written by G. W. Frazer and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hemispherical canopy photography is an indirect method for measuring various components of forest canopy structure and solar radiation flux within and below forest canopies. The method utilizes a 180-degree fisheye-lens camera to capture and record the position, size, and shape of openings or gaps in a forest canopy. During late summer 1995, eight sites on southern Vancouver Island were intensively sampled using hemispherical photographic methods. This document describes the general theory, approach, and analytical tools associated with hemispherical canopy photography and computerized image analysis in the context of this research. As a result, a technical protocol has been devised that can be adopted, modified, and improved upon by those interested in using hemispherical techniques for similar research initiatives. Recommendations are made to improve the quality and reliability of future hemispherical image analysis systems. Appendices include information on measurement of fisheye lens distortion and the effect on the calculation of gap fraction magnitude and distribution, and a model for estimating percent open sky and leaf area index.
Download or read book Field Measurements for Forest Carbon Monitoring written by Coeli M Hoover and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-20 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the summer of 2003, a workshop was held in Portsmouth, NH, to discuss land measurement techniques for the North American Carbon Program. Over 40 sci- tists representing government agencies, academia and nonprofit research organi- tions located in Canada, the US and Mexico participated. During the course of the workshop a number of topics were discussed, with an emphasis on the following: • The need for an intermediate tier of carbon measurements. This level of study would be more extensive than state-level inventories of the US Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis Program, but less detailed than intensive ecos- tem studies sites such as those in Long Term Ecological Research network. This tier would ideally provide a basis to link and scale remote sensing measurements and inventory data, and supply data required to parameterize existing models (see Wofsy and Harriss 2002, Denning et al. 2005). • The design criteria that such a network of sites should meet. The network and s- pling design should be standardized, but flexible enough to be applied across North America. The design also needs to be efficient enough to be implemented without the need for large field crews, yet robust enough to provide useful information. Finally, the spatial scale must permit easy linkage to remotely sensed data. • The key variables that should be measured at each site, and the frequency of measurement.
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Forest Environments written by Michael A. Wulder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote Sensing of Forest Environments: Concepts and Case Studies is an edited volume intended to provide readers with a state-of-the-art synopsis of the current methods and applied applications employed in remote sensing the world's forests. The contributing authors have sought to illustrate and deepen our understanding of remote sensing of forests, providing new insights and indicating opportunities that are created when forests and forest practices are considered in concert with the evolving paradigm of remote sensing science. Following background and methods sections, this book introduces a series of case studies that exemplify the ways in which remotely sensed data are operationally used, as an element of the decision-making process, and in the scientific study of forests. Remote Sensing of Forest Environments: Concepts and Case Studies is designed to meet the needs of a professional audience composed of both practitioners and researchers. This book is also suitable as a secondary text for graduate-level students in Forestry, Environmental Science, Geography, Engineering, and Computer Science.
Download or read book Canadian Journal of Forest Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture VI written by Daoliang Li and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-02-26 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two-volume set IFIP AICT 392 and 393 constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the 6th IFIP TC 5, SIG 5.1 International Conference on Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture, CCTA 2012, held in Zhangjiajie, China, in October 2012. The 108 revised papers presented were carefully selected from numerous submissions. They cover a wide range of interesting theories and applications of information technology in agriculture, including Internet of things and cloud computing; simulation models and decision-support systems for agricultural production; smart sensor, monitoring, and control technology; traceability and e-commerce technology; computer vision, computer graphics, and virtual reality; the application of information and communication technology in agriculture; and universal information service technology and service systems development in rural areas. The 55 papers included in the second volume focus on GIS, GPS, RS, and Precision Farming.
Download or read book Methods in Ecosystem Science written by Osvaldo E. Sala and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecology at the ecosystem level has both necessitated and benefited from new methods and technologies as well as those adapted from other disciplines. With the ascendancy of ecosystem science and management, the need has arisen for a comprehensive treatment of techniques used in this rapidly-growing field. Methods in Ecosystem Science answers that need by synthesizing the advantages, disadvantages and tradeoffs associated with the most commonly used techniques in both aquatic and terrestrial research. The book is divided into sections addressing carbon and energy dynamics, nutrient and water dynamics, manipulative ecosystem experiements and tools to synthesize our understanding of ecosystems. Detailed information about various methods will help researchers choose the most appropriate methods for their particular studies. Prominent scientists discuss how tools from a variety of disciplines can be used in ecosystem science at different scales.
Download or read book Plant Physiological Ecology written by R. Pearcey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physiological plant ecology is primarily concerned with the function and performance of plants in their environment. Within this broad focus, attempts are made on one hand to understand the underlying physiological, biochemical and molecular attributes of plants with respect to performance under the constraints imposed by the environment. On the other hand physiological ecology is also concerned with a more synthetic view which attempts to under stand the distribution and success of plants measured in terms of the factors that promote long-term survival and reproduction in the environment. These concerns are not mutually exclusive but rather represent a continuum of research approaches. Osmond et al. (1980) have elegantly pointed this out in a space-time scale showing that the concerns of physiological ecology range from biochemical and organelle-scale events with time constants of a second or minutes to succession and evolutionary-scale events involving communities and ecosystems and thousands, if not millions, of years. The focus of physiological ecology is typically at the single leaf or root system level extending up to the whole plant. The time scale is on the order of minutes to a year. The activities of individual physiological ecologists extend in one direction or the other, but few if any are directly concerned with the whole space-time scale. In their work, however, they must be cognizant both of the underlying mechanisms as well as the consequences to ecological and evolutionary processes.
Download or read book Comptes rendus de l Acad mie des sciences written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Manual for Analysis of Hemispherical Canopy Photography written by Paul M. Rich and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comprehensive Remote Sensing written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-11-08 with total page 3134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Remote Sensing covers all aspects of the topic, with each volume edited by well-known scientists and contributed to by frontier researchers. It is a comprehensive resource that will benefit both students and researchers who want to further their understanding in this discipline. The field of remote sensing has quadrupled in size in the past two decades, and increasingly draws in individuals working in a diverse set of disciplines ranging from geographers, oceanographers, and meteorologists, to physicists and computer scientists. Researchers from a variety of backgrounds are now accessing remote sensing data, creating an urgent need for a one-stop reference work that can comprehensively document the development of remote sensing, from the basic principles, modeling and practical algorithms, to various applications. Fully comprehensive coverage of this rapidly growing discipline, giving readers a detailed overview of all aspects of Remote Sensing principles and applications Contains ‘Layered content’, with each article beginning with the basics and then moving on to more complex concepts Ideal for advanced undergraduates and academic researchers Includes case studies that illustrate the practical application of remote sensing principles, further enhancing understanding
