Download or read book Paper Machines written by Markus Krajewski and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2011-08-19 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why the card catalog—a “paper machine” with rearrangeable elements—can be regarded as a precursor of the computer. Today on almost every desk in every office sits a computer. Eighty years ago, desktops were equipped with a nonelectronic data processing machine: a card file. In Paper Machines, Markus Krajewski traces the evolution of this proto-computer of rearrangeable parts (file cards) that became ubiquitous in offices between the world wars. The story begins with Konrad Gessner, a sixteenth-century Swiss polymath who described a new method of processing data: to cut up a sheet of handwritten notes into slips of paper, with one fact or topic per slip, and arrange as desired. In the late eighteenth century, the card catalog became the librarian's answer to the threat of information overload. Then, at the turn of the twentieth century, business adopted the technology of the card catalog as a bookkeeping tool. Krajewski explores this conceptual development and casts the card file as a “universal paper machine” that accomplishes the basic operations of Turing's universal discrete machine: storing, processing, and transferring data. In telling his story, Krajewski takes the reader on a number of illuminating detours, telling us, for example, that the card catalog and the numbered street address emerged at the same time in the same city (Vienna), and that Harvard University's home-grown cataloging system grew out of a librarian's laziness; and that Melvil Dewey (originator of the Dewey Decimal System) helped bring about the technology transfer of card files to business.

Download or read book Thinking in Boxes digital original edition written by Markus Krajewski and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2015-04-01 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This BIT chronicles the history of the predigital “scholar's machine”: a box of paper slips that acted both as memory aid and text generator. In it, Markus Krajewski describes the scholar's box as a form of data protection, tracing its genealogy beginning with peculiar excerption techniques of early nineteenth century scholars.

Download or read book Human Information Retrieval written by Julian Warner and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2009-09-25 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of information retrieval rooted in the humanities and social sciences but informed by an understanding of information technology and information theory. Information retrieval in the age of Internet search engines has become part of ordinary discourse and everyday practice: “Google” is a verb in common usage. Thus far, more attention has been given to practical understanding of information retrieval than to a full theoretical account. In Human Information Retrieval, Julian Warner offers a comprehensive overview of information retrieval, synthesizing theories from different disciplines (information and computer science, librarianship and indexing, and information society discourse) and incorporating such disparate systems as WorldCat and Google into a single, robust theoretical framework. There is a need for such a theoretical treatment, he argues, one that reveals the structure and underlying patterns of this complex field while remaining congruent with everyday practice. Warner presents a labor theoretic approach to information retrieval, building on his previously formulated distinction between semantic and syntactic mental labor, arguing that the description and search labor of information retrieval can be understood as both semantic and syntactic in character. Warner's information science approach is rooted in the humanities and the social sciences but informed by an understanding of information technology and information theory. The chapters offer a progressive exposition of the topic, with illustrative examples to explain the concepts presented. Neither narrowly practical nor largely speculative, Human Information Retrieval meets the contemporary need for a broader treatment of information and information systems.

Download or read book Good Faith Collaboration written by Joseph Michael Reagle and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wikipedia is famously an encyclopedia "anyone can edit," and Reagle examines Wikipedia's openness and several challenges to it: technical features that limit vandalism to articles; private actions to mitigate potential legal problems; and Wikipedia's own internal bureaucratization. He explores Wikipedia's process of consensus (reviewing a dispute over naming articles on television shows) and examines the way leadership and authority work in an open content community.

Download or read book Zambian Papers written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Harpists written by Wenonah M. Govea and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 1995-06-30 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The harp is both the oldest and the newest of instruments. It has existed in some form in nearly all cultures since man has made music. The contemporary concert instrument has been known since the mid-19th century. This work is a compendium of the biographies of many notable harpists of the modern era. The biographies make clear how these performers shaped the contrasts in style and technique of harp playing that have developed over the past 150 years, as cultural, social, and psychological forces influenced individual performance. In addition to the biographical information, the A-Z entries include critical reviews, discographies, and selected bibliographies where possible. New material from the former Soviet states is included.

Download or read book Papal Music and Musicians in Late Medieval and Renaissance Rome written by Richard Sherr and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 1998-05-21 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collects twelve of the papers given at a conference held at the Library of Congress, Washington D.C., on 1-3 April 1993, in conjunction with the exhibition `Rome Reborn: The Vatican Library and Renaissance Culture'. A group of distinguished scholars considered music in medieval and Renaissance Rome. The volume presents a series of wide-ranging and original treatments of music written for and performed in the papal court from the fourteenth to the sixteenth century. New discoveries are offered which force a radical reevaluation of the Italian papal court as a musical centre during the Great Schism. A series of motets for various popes are subject to close analysis. New interpretations and information are offered concerning the repertory of the papal chapel in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, the institutional life of the papal singers, and the individual biographies of singers and composers. Thought-provoking, even controversial, evaluations of the music of composers connected with, or thought to be connected with, Rome and the papal court, such as Ninot le Petit, Josquin, and Palestrina round out the volume.

Download or read book Handel Tercentenary Collection written by Stanley Sadie and published by University Rochester Press. This book was released on 1987 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Catalogue of Polyphonic Songs 1415 1480 written by David Fallows and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed inventory of polyphonic songs from 1415-1480 in any European language, with language subdivisions: English, French, German (including Flemish), Italian, Latin, Spanish, and textless (this last with musical incipits). Each entry includes full details of all sources, facsimiles, modern editions, paraphrases, citations, etc. The aim is to account for everything that survives or is confidently known to have existed. There are approximately 2,000 main entries, derived from some 200 central sources, with another 200 sources that contain only a few pieces, poetic texts, or otherwise related material. The volume also includes brief descriptions of all the main sources as well as biographical entries for all the composers and poets (keyed to the main catalogue) and an extensive bibliography.

Download or read book M Tullii Ciceronis Orationes with a Commentary written by Marcus Tullius Cicero and published by . This book was released on 1858 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Music and Culture in Italy from the Middle Ages to the Baroque written by Nino Pirrotta and published by . This book was released on 2013-10-01 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Marco Aurelio Zani de Ferranti Guitarist written by Simon Wynberg and published by Chanterelle. This book was released on 1998-02-01 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A biography of the Italian guitarist, composer and poet in collaboration with Marc Van de Cruys, including some observations on the decline of the guitar during the mid 19th century, a checklist of Ferranti's compositions and an assessment of his guitars by Gary Southwell.

Download or read book Early Fifteenth century Music written by A. Zachara de Teramo and published by American Institute of Musicology. This book was released on 1977 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With introduction, critical notes, and poetic texts. For more information, see http: //www.corpusmusicae.com/cmm/cmm_cc011.htm

Download or read book The Bach Period written by Johann Sebastian Bach and published by Alfred Music. This book was released on with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of Piano solos, composed by Johann Sebastian Bach.

Download or read book Author Catalog written by Library of Congress and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Polyphonia sacra written by Bodleian Library and published by Nashdom abbey, Burnham, Bucks. ; [London] : Plainsong and Mediaeval Music Society. This book was released on 1932 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Families Where Grace Is in Place written by Jeff VanVonderen and published by Bethany House. This book was released on 2010-11 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to developing a grace-filled marriage and raising creative, contented, capable children without legalism or manipulation.