Download or read book Heat and Mass Transport in a Vapor Dominated Hydrothermal Area in Yellowstone National Park USA written by Claire Bouligand and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vapor-dominated hydrothermal systems are characterized by localized and elevated heat and gas flux. In these systems, steam and gas ascend from a boiling water reservoir, steam condenses beneath a low-permeability cap layer, and liquid water descends, driven by gravity (?heat pipe? model). We combine magnetic, electromagnetic, and geoelectrical methods and CO2 flux and subsurface temperature measurements in the Solfatara Plateau Thermal Area in the Yellowstone Caldera to address several fundamental questions: (1) What are the structural and/or lithological controls on heat and mass transport in vapor-dominated areas? (2) What is the geometry and size of convecting multiphase thermal plumes? (3) Are thermal plumes associated with subsurface rock alteration and demagnetization? Magnetic and electromagnetic data inversions suggest an asymmetric 50- to 100-m thick basin of glacial deposits with the thickest part adjacent to the margin of a rhyolite flow. The 3-D electrical conductivity model in the glacial basin reveals a narrow vertical conductor interpreted as a focused multiphase plume, which coincides at the ground surface with the heat and CO2 flux maxima. The magnetic data suggest that destruction of magnetic minerals due to rock alteration associated with the hydrothermal plume occurs mainly near the ground surface. We propose a model where the buoyant multiphase plume forms in response to decompression, boiling, and phase separation of pressurized thermal groundwater that discharges from the brecciated base of a rhyolite flow into the basin of glacial deposits. Results from multiphase groundwater flow and heat transport numerical simulations corroborate the first-order characteristics of this model.
Download or read book Comparative Assessment of Five Potential Sites for Hydrothermal magma Systems written by Harry C. Hardee and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spatial and Temporal Study of Heat Transport of Hydrothermal Features in Norris Geyser Basin Yellowstone National Park written by Ruba A. M. Mohamed and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monitoring thermal activity in Yellowstone National Park is required by the United States Congress to maintain the safety of the visitors and park service personnel and to protect the integrity of the park. This dissertation is part of a study initiated in the early 2000s to monitor the thermal activity in the park with focus on Norris Geyser Basin, the hottest geyser basin in the park. The study is considered the first multiple-year study in the basin which took place between August 2008 and October 2013. In this study, at least one thermal infrared image was acquired every year using airborne remote sensing tools to estimate the surface radiant temperature. The images were used to estimate and compare changes in surface radiant temperature and other radiant components including radiant flux and radiant power, which were estimated from the radiant temperature images over Norris. To compare yearly changes in the radiant flux due to the thermal source alone, the stored solar flux was estimated and subtracted from the total radiant flux image. Two methods were suggested in this dissertation to estimate the stored solar flux which were addressed in Chapters 2 and 4. The assumptions and implications of each method were discuss to suggest a reliable method to estimate the geothermal heat flux.
Download or read book Heat Flow in Vapor Dominated Areas of the Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field written by Shaul Hurwitz and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Characterizing the vigor of magmatic activity in Yellowstone requires knowledge of the mechanisms and rates of heat transport between magma and the ground surface. We present results from a heat flow study in two vapor dominated, acid-sulfate thermal areas in the Yellowstone Caldera, the 0.11 km^2 Obsidian Pool Thermal Area (OPTA) and the 0.25 km^2 Solfatara Plateau Thermal Area (SPTA). Conductive heat flux through a low permeability layer capping large vapor reservoirs is calculated from soil temperature measurements at >600 locations and from laboratory measurements of soil properties. The conductive heat output is 3.6[plus or minus]0.4 MW and 7.5[plus or minus]0.4 MW from the OPTA and the SPTA, respectively. The advective heat output from soils is 1.3[plus or minus]0.3 MW and 1.2[plus or minus]0.3 from the OPTA and the SPTA, respectively and the heat output from thermal pools in the OPTA is 6.8[plus or minus]1.4 MW. These estimates result in a total heat output of 11.8[plus or minus]1.4 MW and 8.8[plus or minus]0.4 from OPTA and SPTA, respectively. Focused zones of high heat flux in both thermal areas are roughly aligned with regional faults suggesting that faults in both areas serve as conduits for the rising acid vapor. Extrapolation of the average heat flux from the OPTA (103[plus or minus]2 W[interpunct]m-2) and SPTA (35[plus or minus]3 W[interpunct]m-2) to the ~35 km2 of vapor dominated areas in Yellowstone yields 3.6 and 1.2 GW, respectively, which is less than the total heat output transported by steam from the Yellowstone Caldera as estimated by the chloride inventory method (4.0 to 8.0 GW).
Download or read book Hydrothermal Processes Above the Yellowstone Magma Chamber written by Lisa A. Morgan and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Home to more than 10,000 thermal features, Yellowstone has experienced over 20 large hydrothermal explosions producing craters from 100 to over 2500 meters in diameter during the past 16,000 years. Using new mapping, sampling, and analysis techniques, this volume documents a broad spectrum of ages and geologic settings for these events and considers additional processes and alternative triggering mechanisms that have not been explored in previous studies. Although large hydrothermal explosions are rare on the human time scale, the potential for future explosions in Yellowstone is not insignificant, and events large enough to create a 100-m-wide crater might be expected every 200 years. This work presents information useful for determining the timing, distribution, and possible causes of these events in Yellowstone, which will aid in the planning of monitoring strategies and the anticipation of hydrothermal explosions."--Publisher's description.
Download or read book Geothermal Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monitoring of Thermal Activity in Southwestern Yellowstone National Park and Vicinity 1980 1993 written by Irving Friedman and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemical Analysis of Thermal Waters in Yellowstone National Park Wyoming 1960 65 written by Jack James Rowe and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An evaluation of the mineral potential of the area.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 1524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Use of ASTER and MODIS Thermal Infrared Data to Quantify Heat Flow and Hydrothermal Change at Yellowstone National Park written by R. Greg Vaughan and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overarching aim of this study was touse satellite thermalinfrared (TIR) remote sensing to monitor geothermal activity within the Yellowstone geothermal area to meet the missions of both the U.S. Geological Survey and the Yellowstone National Park Geology Program. Specific goals were to: 1) address the challenges of monitoring the surface thermal characteristics of the > 10,000 spatially and temporally dynamic thermal features in the Park (including hot springs, pools, geysers, fumaroles, and mud pots) that are spread out over ~ 5000 km2, by using satellite TIR remote sensing tools (e.g., ASTER and MODIS), 2) to estimate the radiant geothermal heat flux (GHF) for Yellowstone's thermal areas, and 3) to identify normal, background thermal changes so that significant, abnormal changes can be recognized, should they ever occur (e.g., changes related to tectonic, hydrothermal, impending volcanic processes, or human activities, such as nearby geothermal development). ASTER TIR data (90-m pixels) were used to estimate the radiant GHF from all of Yellowstone's thermal features and update maps ofthermal areas. MODIS TIR data (1-km pixels) were used to record background thermal radiance variations from March 2000 through December 2010 and establish thermal change detection limits. A lower limit for the radiant GHF estimated from ASTER TIR temperature data was established at ~ 2.0 GW, which is ~ 30?45% of the heat flux estimated through geochemical thermometry. Also, about 5 km2ofthermal areas was added to the geodatabase of mapped thermal areas. A decade-long time-series ofMODIS TIR radiance data was dominated by seasonal cycles. A background subtraction technique was used in an attempt to isolate variations due to geothermal changes. Several statistically significant perturbations were noted in the time-series from Norris Geyser Basin, however many of these did not correspond to documented thermal disturbances. This study provides concrete examples of the strengths and limitations of current satellite TIR monitoring of geothermal areas, highlighting some specific areas that can be improved. This work provides a framework for future satellite-based thermal monitoring at Yellowstone and other volcanic and geothermal systems.
Download or read book Numerical Simulations of the Hydrothermal System at Lassen Volcanic National Park written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hydrothermal system in the vicinity of Lassen Volcanic National Park contains a central region of fluid upflow in which steam and liquid phases separate, with steam rising through a parasitic vapor-dominated zone and liquid flowing laterally toward areas of hot spring discharge south of the Park. A simplified numerical model was used to simulate the 10,000-20,000 year evolution of this system and to show that under certain circumstances fluid withdrawal from hot-water reservoirs south of the Park could significantly alter the discharge of steam from thermal areas within the Park.
Download or read book Fluid Fluid Interactions written by Axel Liebscher and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 65 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry attempts to fill this gap and to explicitly focus on the role that co-existing fluids play in the diverse geologic environments. It brings together the previously somewhat detached literature on fluid–fluid interactions in continental, volcanic, submarine and subduction zone environments. It emphasizes that fluid mixing and unmixing are widespread processes that may occur in all geologic environments of the entire crust and upper mantle. Despite different P-T conditions, the fundamental processes are analogous in the different settings.
Download or read book Direct Measurement of Advective Heat Flux from Several Yellowstone Hot Springs Wyoming USA written by Nicholas McMillan and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Actual measurements of advective heat flux from Yellowstone hot springs (Wyoming, USA) are seldom made, due to the difficulty of obtaining mass flow rates to support such measurements. Yet such measurements would provide important information that can be used to help evaluate the total thermal heat transport associated with the Yellowstone Caldera. Typically, discharge from thermal springs migrates through the shallow subsurface, making accurate measurement problematic. Here we present direct measurements of mass and thermal discharge from hot springs in the Lower Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park, USA. We added small amounts of nearly pure D2O to four springs in the Morning Mist Springs area that ranged in temperature from 74 to 95 °C and analyzed time-series ðD samples to determine the volumes and discharge rates of the test springs. D2O was chosen to limit the ecological and/or visual impacts of other common tracers, such as NaCl or fluorescein dyes. We calculated spring volumes to range between 560 and 27,400 L and estimated mass and heat discharge as 0.08-1.25 L/s and 0.0189?0.312 MW, respectively. The volumes calculated by deuterium doping were larger in every case than those estimated by field inspection, suggesting that the volume participating in shallow fluid circulation is generally larger than is apparent from the surface. The heat flow data, when paired with conductive heat loss estimates in the vicinity of the springs, suggest that current estimates of thermal discharge at Yellowstone may underestimate heat loss from the caldera and offer insights on the rate of magma supplied by the mantle. Thermal flux estimates suggest that a minimum of 3.2-6.3 km3 ? 10-2 of basalt magma enters the base of the crust annually.
Download or read book Distribution of Buried Hydrothermal Alteration Deduced from High resolution Magnetic Surveys in Yellowstone National Park written by Claire Bouligand and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Yellowstone National Park (YNP) displays numerous and extensive hydrothermal features. Although hydrothermal alteration in YNP has been extensively studied, the volume, geometry, and type of rock alteration at depth remain poorly constrained. In this study, we use high-resolution airborne and ground magnetic surveys and measurements of remanent and induced magnetization of field and drill core samples to provide constraints on the geometry of hydrothermal alteration within the subsurface of three thermal areas in YNP (Firehole River, Smoke Jumper Hot Springs, and Norris Geyser Basin). We observe that hydrothermal zones from both liquid- and vapor-dominated systems coincide with magnetic lows observed in aeromagnetic surveys and with a decrease of the amplitude of short-wavelength anomalies seen in ground magnetic surveys. This suggests a strong demagnetization of both the shallow and deep substratum within these areas associated with the removal of magnetic minerals by hydrothermal alteration processes. Such demagnetization is confirmed by measurements of rock samples from hydrothermal areas which display significantly decreased total magnetization. A pronounced negative anomaly is observed over the Lone Star Geyser and suggests a significant demagnetization of the substratum associated with areas displaying large-scale fluid flow. The ground and airborne magnetic surveys are used to evaluate the distribution of magnetization in the subsurface. This study shows that significant demagnetization occurs over a thickness of at least a few hundred meters in hydrothermal areas at YNP and that the maximum degree or maximum thickness of demagnetization correlates closely with the location of hydrothermal activity and mapped alteration.
Download or read book Heat and Mass Transfer in the Earth written by J. W. Elder and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Using Environmental Tracers and Numerical Simulation to Investigate Regional Hydrothermal Basins Norris Geyser Basin Area Yellowstone National Park USA written by W. Payton Gardner and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: [1] Heat and fluid flow fields are simulated for several conceptual permeability fields and compared to processes inferred from environmental tracers in springs around Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park. Large hydrothermal basins require specific permeability distributions in the upper crust. High permeability connections must exist between the land surface and high-temperature environments at depths of up to 5 km. The highest modeled temperatures are produced with a vertical conduit permeability of 10^-15 m^2. Permeability at depths of 3-5 km must be within one order of magnitude of the near-surface permeability and must be [greater than or equal to 10^-16 m^2. Environmental tracers from springs are used to develop a plausible numerical model of the local to regional groundwater flow field for the Norris Geyser Basin area. The model simulations provide insight into the dynamics of heat and fluid flow in a large regional hydrothermal system.
