Download or read book A Health Hazard Assessment for Blast Overpressure Exposures written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes the status of research to develop a biomechanically-based health hazard assessment for blast overpressure.
Download or read book Health Hazards Assessment for Blast Overpressure Exposures written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Army needs to set blast overpressure exposure standards that will protect soldiers in training against adverse effects from blast coming from a variety of weapons in a variety of surroundings. JAYCOR is developing biomechanical models that compute the tissues level response due to external blast loading and correlations of that response to pathology and lethality. To validate the models, animal test data has been organized into a database. Trends in the data have been determined that are independent of the models and agreement between the correlations and observations have been good for all level of blasts and animal species. The future work will refine the pathology prediction by location and provide a probabilistically-based methodology for making health hazards assessment.
Download or read book A Health Hazard Assessment for Blast Overpressure Exposures Subtitle Citation Database Version 1 written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This database contains a comprehensive list of citations that were generated by the Blast Overpressure Program (BOP), Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico, from 1951 through 1998. The database was created using Microsoft Access97. The purpose and use of this database is two-fold: 1. To compile a comprehensive bibliography of the documents generated by the researchers at the BOP from 1951 through 1998, and 2. To create a database in a form wherein information could be easily retrieved by a multitude of identifiers, for example, if an individual were interested in only retrieving the documents that used the rat for a model, exposed to a Friedlander wave, single exposure, high explosives, with primary blast as the target injury at a threshold level. A hard-copy is provide & Section I contains a copy of the database sorted alphabetically by author. Section II contains a copy of the database sorted alphabetically by title. Section III is sorted numerically and includes the abstracts of each citation. Finally, Section Iv contains a copy of the Animal Information Report.
Download or read book A Health Hazard Assessment for Blast Overpressure Exposures Subtitle Biological Response to Blast Overpressure A Summary of Modeling written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A soldier in training is exposed to a variety of blast sources that can adversely affect his auditory and nonauditory systems. While auditory standards have been formulated for many decades, knowledge about nonauditory effects of blast have not been captured in a criteria that can be applied to all circumstances. For the past 15 years, JAYCOR, working together with the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, has been using modeling, simulation, and data analysis to determine the nature of injury in animal models, capture that understanding in physiologically correct mathematical models, and extend the findings to objective criteria that can be used to set exposure limits. This paper summarizes the accomplishments of that effort.
Download or read book A Health Hazard Assessment for Blast Overpressure Exposure written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes progress toward understanding and quantifying injury arising from impact or impulsive loading to the body from blast, projectiles, or vehicle restraint systems.
Download or read book A Health Hazard Assessment for Blast Overpressure Exposures Subtitle Use of Animal Test Data in the Development of a Human Auditory Hazard Criterion for Impulse Noise written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hearing loss and sensory cell loss data, obtained from 909 chinchillas exposed to one of 137 different impulse noise or blast wave exposure paradigms, were statistically analyzed. The objective was to extract relations between the effects of the exposure on the auditory system (effects metrics) and metrics used to characterize the blast wave exposure. Specifically the following two questions were asked: (a) What is the best indicator of the amount of hazard associated with an impulse noise exposure? (b) How does the hazard of an impulse noise exposure accumulate with increasing numbers of impulses? Two analytical approaches were used. Both approaches indicated that the P-weighting functions or one of its derivatives (P1-, P2- or R-weighting) best organized the effects metrics. Depending on the analytical approach, either an energy trading rule of 10 log10 N or 6 log10 N; where N is the number of impulses, best organized the data for N between 10 and 100. For exposures of between 1 and 10 impulses, a region of the parametric space that is of considerable practical significance, there is insufficient data to form any conclusions. For this region the limited data suggest that an energy trading rule i.e., 10 log N, does not work.
Download or read book A Health Hazard Assessment for Blast Overpressure Exposures Subtitle Blast Overpressure Research Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advent of nuclear blast caused a renewed interest in blast research in the United States. Thus, was the beginning of the Blast Overpressure Program at Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico. From the early 1950's through 1997, research on the biomedical, biological and biophysical effects of blast and shock was conducted. During this time, data essential to the understanding of the broad and complex nature of the biological effects of blast overpressure and impulse noise were obtained.
Download or read book A Health Hazard Assessment for Blast Overpressure Exposures Subtitle NLT Bioeffects Broad Issue Study written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the United States becomes more of a peace broker, its military forces must have the appropriate equipment and training to bring peace to unstable regions. Consequently, the Department of Defense has devoted significant resources to developing weapons that apply an appropriate force against an adversary in order to subdue or repel him, without maiming or killing the intended target or innocent bystanders. The application of these nonlethal weapon (NLW) systems in world hot-spots has the potential to significantly reduce collateral damage, conflict escalation and enemy fatalities, while keeping friendly forces secure. US military and law enforcement agencies are interested in acquiring and technology organizations are interested in developing effective weapons. There are, however, significant questions about the nature of the biological effects that are caused and the amount of harmful effects that can be tolerated by such systems.
Download or read book Die Chemotherapie der Tuberkulose written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Health Hazard Assessment for Blast Overpressure Exposures Subtitle Analysis of RFR Biological Effects written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The avoidance of harmful effects, especially long term effects (cancers, mutations, reproductive disorders, etc.) is one of the dominant concerns for nonlethal weapons generally, and RFR technologies specifically. The need for the participation of policy, legal, and medical organizations at all stages of the research means that familiarity with the scientific basis for the potential occurrence of these effects is critical. All of these organizations recognize that the first step in this assessment is a review of the literature. In order to provide some guidance in this area, a summary of existing, reviewed literature was made. Several comprehensive reviews of the RFR biological effects research have been conducted in the past two years and these reviews provided the basis for this analysis. Our objective is not to make a scholarly assessment of the research, but to analyze trends in the data, as reported.
Download or read book A Health Hazard Assessment for Blast Overpressure Exposures Subtitle Trauma Assessment for Warrior s Medic written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (MRMC), through its Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center (TATRC) has programs to give the battlefield medic the technology to save lives, especially in the early, critical minutes after wounding or injury. It is not known at this time what will be needed to accomplish this mission. It probably involves sensors on the soldier to determine his physical and physiological state, location gear to know where he is, and communication gear to get the information to the commander so he can take action. The soldier's pack is already so heavy, however, that it is unlikely that more gadgets will be added simply to help the medical function. Therefore, for the foreseeable future, the medics will have to "piggy-back" on some other system. A separate Army program is working on equipping the 2lst century soldier with state-of-the-art sensors, computers, and communication gear to maximize his fighting ability. The Land Warrior (LW) Program is developing that equipment and will begin testing in the next year or so. The LW backpack contains a computer with a Dead Reckoning Module (DRM). The DRM is a plug in board containing a three-axis accelerometer, three-axis magnetometer, and pressure and temperature sensors. It works as an elaborate pedometer to calculate the soldier's motion on foot and serves as a back up to the GPS system. MRMC wants to determine if the DRM could provide acceleration data that might indicate whether the soldier has been wounded. If so, it may be feasible to modify the on-board software to process the signal in this way and send a "911" call. If the current DRM is not adequate, then MRMC wants to know what would be the right data to collect so that technology could be inserted in future LW upgrades.
Download or read book A Health Hazard Assessment for Blast Overpressure Exposures Subtitle Evaluation of Impulse Noise Criteria Using Human Volunteer Data written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evaluation of impulse noise criteria is becoming more critical as many new weapons exceed exposure levels for single hearing protection set forth by the MIL-STD-1474D. Previous man-rating studies have consistently shown that auditory injury does not occur at these levels. Consequently, there is general belief that the current standards under predict the threshold at which injury occurs. Four impulse noise auditory injury criteria adopted by NATO countries, namely, the MIL-STD-1474D (USA), Pfander (Germany), Smoorenburg (Netherlands), and L(Aeq8) (France), are evaluated against human volunteer data. Four data sets from subjects wearing single hearing protection exposed to increasing blast overpressure effects were obtained from tests sponsored by the US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command. Two data sets were obtained from free field and bunker tests using RACAL earmuffs modified to simulate poor fitting. Two other data sets came from the M198 howitzer and Viper man-rating studies using EAR earplugs. Injury threshold was taken as a temporary threshold shift (TTS) >/- 25 ("3 at any frequency. Using logistic regression, the four criteria were each correlated with the test data. The analysis shows that all four criteria are overly conservative by 4-12 ("3. The MIL-STD-1474D for single hearing protection is 9.9 (
Download or read book A Health Hazard Assessment for Blast Overpressure Exposures Subtitle Combined Toxic Gas Modeling Phase 4 Blood Chemistry Model Validation written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There currently is no adequate model to assess the toxicity of combined toxic gasses in acute concentrations. To address these shortcomings, a multicompartment model describing the relevant physiological and chemical processes is proposed. The model has been integrated in a stable, accurate computational procedure that rigorously conserves mass and has spatial and temporal numerical convergence. The results of this integrated transport and chemistry model have been compared favorably with experimental data on carbon monoxide exposure in rat and man.
Download or read book Proposed New Procedure for Estimating Allowable Number of Rounds for Blast Overpressure Hazard Assessment written by James H. Patterson and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current procedures for health hazard assessment of weapons blast overpressure use criteria contained in MIL-STD-1474D These criteria are applied to the test data so that the single pressure-time signature which indicates the greatest hazard (worst case round) is used to derive the recommended firing restrictions for the system. This approach is conservative and probably overrestricts the use of the system. Since it is based on the worst case round, the rest of the test data are essentially ignored in the hazard assessment. A procedure to establish recommended firing limits using all of the data has been developed. The procedure is based on accumulating hazards over the test data set until the criterion value is reached. This establishes the allowable number of rounds. A maximum exposure level for the worst case round is retained to prevent injury from single round exposures. Two variations of the basic procedure are explored and numerical examples of each are presented. The procedure implemented using a proportional dose accumulation is recommended.
Download or read book Neurotrauma written by Raj K. Narayan and published by McGraw-Hill. This book was released on 1996 with total page 1558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference is a comprehensive work in the field of neurotrauma and critical care. It incorporates the fields of head injury, spinal injury and basic neurotrauma research into one source. The major emphasis is on the treatment of patients with head and spinal cord injury, including the management of all other problems that bear upon the care of these patients.
Download or read book Brain Neurotrauma written by Firas H. Kobeissy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-02-25 with total page 718 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the contribution from more than one hundred CNS neurotrauma experts, this book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account on the latest developments in the area of neurotrauma including biomarker studies, experimental models, diagnostic methods, and neurotherapeutic intervention strategies in brain injury research. It discusses neurotrauma mechanisms, biomarker discovery, and neurocognitive and neurobehavioral deficits. Also included are medical interventions and recent neurotherapeutics used in the area of brain injury that have been translated to the area of rehabilitation research. In addition, a section is devoted to models of milder CNS injury, including sports injuries.
Download or read book Blast Overpressure Studies Part II Nonauditory Damage Risk Assessment for Simulated Weapons Fired 100 Times from an Enclosure written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anesthetized sheep were exposed to a reverberant wave environment like that produced from firing an antitank weapon from a room. The simulation was accomplished by detonating C4 explosives outside a chamber of 18.2 m3 volume. The blast wave traveled into the chamber through a 20-cm I.D. tube and was reflected off the back wall and subsequently throughout the chamber. The resulting waveform very closely approximated that generated by a Carl-Gustav antitank weapon fired from a chamber. Part I of the studies indicated that for a series of 1 shot or 3 shots, 2.5 minutes apart, multiple shots have a strong additive effect, decreasing the subthreshold levels. The subthreshold for a single blast was estimated to be above a peak of 48 kPa. The subthreshold for 3 exposures was estimated to be at 44 kPa. This study, called Part II, used 100 shots, 1 minute apart. For this exposure, a subthreshold peak of at least 23 kPa was verified using 19 animals.
