Download or read book Health Belief Model Social Support and Intent to Screen for Colorectal Cancer in Older African American Men written by Mary J. Griffin and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the United States and the second leading cause of cancer deaths. African American men are at the greatest risk for developing and dying from colorectal cancer. Using the Health Belief Model and the theory of Social Support as a framework, a cross-sectional, correlation design was used to gather data from a convenience sample of 52 older African American men. Measures used for this study were Champion's Health Belief Model Scale as adapted by Jacobs, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and a self designed tool for intent to screen for colorectal cancer as suggested by Ajzen. The mean age of participants was 61 years. The majority of men were employed, married, had at least one additional person in the household, were high school graduates, and 63% had had a previous colonoscopy. Older African American men reported mixed findings on construct scale scores. Seriousness was rated as low with susceptibility and barriers rated just below average. Benefits, self-efficacy, social support and rated above average or high. No significant correlations were found between the HBM constructs, social support and past colonoscopy and intent to screen. Seriousness and barriers were significant with past colonoscopy with an independent t-test. While multiple regressions did show a significant increase between model scores, significance was small and social support did not add to the variance in intent to screen for colorectal cancer."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.
Download or read book Testing a Socio cultural Model of Colorectal Cancer Screening Among African Americans written by Jason Q. Purnell and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death for African Americans, but screening consistent with American Cancer Society guidelines remains underutilized. Many of the theoretical models currently used to explain preventive health behavior do not include social and cultural factors relevant to this population, such as adoption of mainstream cultural norms (acculturation), mistrust of health care systems, group-level perceptions of susceptibility, and social support. The purpose of this study is to test a sociocultural model of intention to be screened for colorectal cancer among African Americans. The model proposes that sociodemographic variables, social support, socio-cultural factors, and perceived susceptibility are all predictors of the intention to undergo colorectal cancer screening for African Americans. The relationship between this set of variables and intentions is mediated by the perceived barriers and perceived benefits of screening. Data are presented on a sample of 198 African Americans recruited from churches, places of employment, and social/civic organizations in two large Midwestern cities. Structural equation modeling (LISREL) was used to test the model. The model exhibited good fit (RMSEA = .061) and socio-cultural variables added significantly to the prediction of intention to screen for colorectal cancer with perceived benefits and barriers as mediators. Specifically, individuals with more traditional acculturative strategies, less medical mistrust, and more perceived group susceptibility reported more intention to be screened as a function of greater perception of benefits of screening. Younger individuals and those with greater access to health care also reported more intention as a function of less perceived barriers to screening. However, socioeconomic status, social support, and individual susceptibility did not have significant indirect effects through benefits and barriers. Post-hoc analyses examining the model in greater detail and testing interactions among socio-cultural predictors are presented along with information on the sample's knowledge and past utilization of colorectal cancer screening. These results are discussed with reference to their implications for future research and interventions addressing African American colorectal cancer screening.
Download or read book Perceptions of Early Detection Screening for Colorectal Cancer in African American Men and Women Aged 30 44 Using the Health Belief Model written by Chloe Fields and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: African Americans (AA) have incidence and mortality rates of 55.2 and 24.5 per 100,000 cases for colorectal cancer (CRC). By 2030, incidence rates for colon and rectal cancers will increase by 90% and 124.2%, respectively, for ages 20-34 and by 27.7% and 46%, respectively, for ages 35-49. To date, studies targeting AA men and women, ages 30-44, about CRC screenings and screening behaviors are scarce as the vast majority of studies on CRC within the AA community are focused on those aged 50 and above. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors that influence AA men and women’s participation in early detection screening for CRC, utilizing a Health Belief Model framework. Through the use of a mixed-method convergent parallel design, quantitative and qualitative data collection was employed through an online survey and face-to-face interviews. Analysis was completed by SPSS ordinal logistic regression and NVIVO. Study findings indicated cues to action and perceived susceptibility were predictors of CRC screening; however, overall screening knowledge was low. Additionally, perceived barriers and perceived benefits were consistent with the current screening trends of AA men and women aged 50 and above. Based on the study findings, recommendations include: the creation of age-appropriate health communication campaigns and health interventions, updated CRC evidence-based screening guidelines to include younger adults based on current disease trends, advocacy efforts funding research to assess CRC impact in AA aged 30-44, and streamlined approaches for healthcare providers to discuss CRC screenings with patients younger than the age of 45.
Download or read book Colorectal Cancer Screening and Young African American Men written by Charles Ray Rogers and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of cancers affecting both men and women, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cancer to kill African Americans in the U.S. Compared to White men, African-American men have CRC incidence and mortality rates 20% and 45% higher, respectively. Owing to CRC's high incidence and younger age at presentation among African-American men, CRC screening (CRCS) is warranted at age 45 rather than 50. Yet, most studies have focused on men older than 45. The findings of these studies suggest that CRC survival is inversely related to early detection, and advocate the continued need for development, testing, and translating prevention interventions into increase screening behavior. Hence, the two-fold purpose of this study was to (1) conduct a systematic review of the professional literature to assess African-American men's knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors regarding CRCS; and (2) assess the knowledge, attitudes, male role norms, perceptions of subjective norms, and perceptions of barriers associated with CRCS among young adult African-American men (ages 19-45) employing survey research methodology. Utilizing Garrard's Matrix Method, the systematic literature review synthesized 28 studies examining African-American men's knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors regarding CRCS. Six factors emerged as associated with CRCS intentions and behaviors: previous CRCS, CRC test preference, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, CRC/CRCS knowledge, and physician support/recommendation. In addition, the mean methodological quality score of 10.9 indicated these studies were, overall, of medium quality and suffered from specific flaws. The second component of this study -- an on-line survey questionnaire -- described the male role norms, knowledge, attitudes, perceived subjective norms, and perceived barriers associated with screening for CRC among a non-random sample of 157 young adult African-American men. Ultimately, family history of cancer, work status, and perceived barriers were the critical factors associated with attitudes in all of our models/analyses. Of these, perceived barriers are the only factors amenable to change through health education efforts. Because this study was narrowly-focused on a specific group of African Americans, it provides a solid basis for developing structured health education interventions to increase young adult African-American men's intention to screen for CRC. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151811
Download or read book A Relationship Between Health Beliefs and Colorectal Cancer Screening Among African American Men Age 40 and Older written by Shirleen Shenell Greene and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Health Beliefs Knowledge and Perceived Barriers of Colorectal Cancer Screening Practices Among African Americans written by Cheryl Larkin Logan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research indicates that African Americans have the highest death rate and shortest survival rate of any ethnic or racial group in the Unites States for most cancers. Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer diagnosed in men and women. The literature reveals that the primary cause of higher mortality and incidence rates is the lack of participation in colorectal cancer screening activities. This descriptive study examined the health beliefs, knowledge, and perceived barriers of colorectal cancer screening practices among African Americans. Using the Health Belief Model as the theoretical framework, and Champion's Health Belief Model scale, information regarding the health beliefs, knowledge, and perceived barriers of colorectal cancer screening among 13 African American men and women living in western North Carolina was obtained. The results of this study indicate that the majority of African Americans participated in sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy colorectal cancer screening and were knowledgeable about when this type of screening needs to begin and how often it should occur. Future research should be conducted replicating this study using a larger, representative sample in order to understand the relationship between colorectal knowledge and screening practices among African Americans. The aim is to increase colorectal cancer screening among African Americans and ultimately decrease the rate of mortality from this cancer.
Download or read book Colorectal Cancer Screening Among African American Males 50 Years of Age and Older written by Armine Arzoumanian and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The purpose of the study was to examine the role of health care coverage, level of education, and health status on colorectal cancer (CRC) screening among African American males 50 years of age and older. The study utilized secondary data analyses using the 2007 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) adult public use data file. There were 51,048 adult survey participants of which 503 were African American males 50 years of age and older. Chi-square analysis results between health care coverage and CRC screening yielded a statistically significant association. Similarly, chi-square analysis results between level of education and CRC screening also revealed a statistically significant association. Conversely, there was no statistically significant association between health status and CRC screening.
Download or read book Theory at a Glance written by Karen Glanz and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Colorectal Cancer Screening and Preventive Practices and Beliefs Among African Americans written by Louise Barbara Black-Robinson and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study exam the preventive practices and bekiefs among African Americans (AAs) as conceptualized by the Critical Social Theory (CST), to screening for colorectal cancer (CRC). African Americans (AAs) adults participated in the colon Cancer Conferenes in the spring of 2010 and 2011. CRC is one of the most common cancers and the second leading cause of cancer death for men and woman. (American Cancer Society, 2009). Screeing can be effective for detecting cancer at the treatable stages, however, large porporation of African Americans are at risk for CRC, have not been screened or are not screened regularly as recommended by the national guidelines fron the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (UPSTF), the American Cancer Society, the U.S. Multi-Society Task force on Colorectal Cancer, and the American college of Radiology (Smith, Cokkinides & Brawley, 2008). In this study, descriptive statistics was used to exam the preventive practices and beliefs by use of a self-report questionnaire of CRC screeing behaviors for fecal occult blood testing (FOBT), flexible sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy. Many of the AA's that attened both conferences did not recieve these recommendations for CRC screening. Also, little was known about attitudes and perception toward nutrition and physical activity among African-Americans. This study examines cultural beliefs and perceptions toward nutrition, and physical activity. In addition to the relationship between the intake of dietary fiber and risk of CRC, particularly when poor diet is combined with excess calorie intake and weight gain, physical inactivity, and unhealthy practices, such as smoking and consumption of alcohol. The results support the recommendation frrom the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Cancer Society that individuals should engage in 30 minutes or more of moderate-intensity physical activity (preferably all) days of the week. Results discuss the context of CST concept and implications for CRC screening practices and the relationships of power and the uderlying structures in society that produce population inequalities (Grams & Christ, 1992). Keywords: African Americans, Caucasians; colorectal cancer screening; health disparities; Critical Social therory;
Download or read book Health Behavior written by Karen Glanz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-07-27 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essential health behavior text, updated with the latest theories, research, and issues Health Behavior: Theory, Research and Practice provides a thorough introduction to understanding and changing health behavior, core tenets of the public health role. Covering theory, applications, and research, this comprehensive book has become the gold standard of health behavior texts. This new fifth edition has been updated to reflect the most recent changes in the public health field with a focus on health behavior, including coverage of the intersection of health and community, culture, and communication, with detailed explanations of both established and emerging theories. Offering perspective applicable at the individual, interpersonal, group, and community levels, this essential guide provides the most complete coverage of the field to give public health students and practitioners an authoritative reference for both the theoretical and practical aspects of health behavior. A deep understanding of human behaviors is essential for effective public health and health care management. This guide provides the most complete, up-to-date information in the field, to give you a real-world understanding and the background knowledge to apply it successfully. Learn how e-health and social media factor into health communication Explore the link between culture and health, and the importance of community Get up to date on emerging theories of health behavior and their applications Examine the push toward evidence-based interventions, and global applications Written and edited by the leading health and social behavior theorists and researchers, Health Behavior: Theory, Research and Practice provides the information and real-world perspective that builds a solid understanding of how to analyze and improve health behaviors and health.
Download or read book Nurse as Educator Principles of Teaching and Learning for Nursing Practice written by Susan B. Bastable and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2017-12-06 with total page 695 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: urse as Educator: Principles of Teaching and Learning for Nursing Practice, Fifth Edition prepares nurse educators, clinical nurse specialists, and nurse practitioners for their ever-increasing role in patient teaching, health education, health promotion, and nursing education.
Download or read book Fulfilling the Potential of Cancer Prevention and Early Detection written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-05-07 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer ranks second only to heart disease as a leading cause of death in the United States, making it a tremendous burden in years of life lost, patient suffering, and economic costs. Fulfilling the Potential for Cancer Prevention and Early Detection reviews the proof that we can dramatically reduce cancer rates. The National Cancer Policy Board, part of the Institute of Medicine, outlines a national strategy to realize the promise of cancer prevention and early detection, including specific and wide-ranging recommendations. Offering a wealth of information and directly addressing major controversies, the book includes: A detailed look at how significantly cancer could be reduced through lifestyle changes, evaluating approaches used to alter eating, smoking, and exercise habits. An analysis of the intuitive notion that screening for cancer leads to improved health outcomes, including a discussion of screening methods, potential risks, and current recommendations. An examination of cancer prevention and control opportunities in primary health care delivery settings, including a review of interventions aimed at improving provider performance. Reviews of professional education and training programs, research trends and opportunities, and federal programs that support cancer prevention and early detection. This in-depth volume will be of interest to policy analysts, cancer and public health specialists, health care administrators and providers, researchers, insurers, medical journalists, and patient advocates.
Download or read book Timely Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer written by Louise Olsson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-08 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes current knowledge and outlines directions for the future on how to improve the art of diagnosing colorectal cancer with emphasis on timeliness, one of the most vital issues in cancer management. Using a comprehensive, multi-discliplinary approach, it provides an overview of decisive factors in timely diagnosis of colorectal cancer from symptom scores and symptom awareness to technical aspects. The book starts by discussing early diagnosis from the perspective of patients, including the importance of awareness in the general population as well as psychological aspects. It then goes on to discuss issues of importance to clinicians, such as fast tracking, laboratory testing, improving technical skills and optimizing endoscopy services. In addition, more practical issues such as cost-effectiveness and auditing are also extensively discussed. By focusing on one specific but common form of cancer the content translates well across the scope of other cancer types and can be used by professionals working on different cancer types. This book provides clinicians, clinical researchers and policymakers with a comprehensive overview of the field of timeliness in diagnosing colorectal cancer. By addressing the challenges posed in the management of symptomatic patients it informs and educates the experts and could help improve diagnosis.
Download or read book Care Without Coverage written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-06-20 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many Americans believe that people who lack health insurance somehow get the care they really need. Care Without Coverage examines the real consequences for adults who lack health insurance. The study presents findings in the areas of prevention and screening, cancer, chronic illness, hospital-based care, and general health status. The committee looked at the consequences of being uninsured for people suffering from cancer, diabetes, HIV infection and AIDS, heart and kidney disease, mental illness, traumatic injuries, and heart attacks. It focused on the roughly 30 million-one in seven-working-age Americans without health insurance. This group does not include the population over 65 that is covered by Medicare or the nearly 10 million children who are uninsured in this country. The main findings of the report are that working-age Americans without health insurance are more likely to receive too little medical care and receive it too late; be sicker and die sooner; and receive poorer care when they are in the hospital, even for acute situations like a motor vehicle crash.
Download or read book Invisible Men written by Becky Pettit and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2012-06-01 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For African American men without a high school diploma, being in prison or jail is more common than being employed—a sobering reality that calls into question post-Civil Rights era social gains. Nearly 70 percent of young black men will be imprisoned at some point in their lives, and poor black men with low levels of education make up a disproportionate share of incarcerated Americans. In Invisible Men, sociologist Becky Pettit demonstrates another vexing fact of mass incarceration: most national surveys do not account for prison inmates, a fact that results in a misrepresentation of U.S. political, economic, and social conditions in general and black progress in particular. Invisible Men provides an eye-opening examination of how mass incarceration has concealed decades of racial inequality. Pettit marshals a wealth of evidence correlating the explosion in prison growth with the disappearance of millions of black men into the American penal system. She shows that, because prison inmates are not included in most survey data, statistics that seemed to indicate a narrowing black-white racial gap—on educational attainment, work force participation, and earnings—instead fail to capture persistent racial, economic, and social disadvantage among African Americans. Federal statistical agencies, including the U.S. Census Bureau, collect surprisingly little information about the incarcerated, and inmates are not included in household samples in national surveys. As a result, these men are invisible to most mainstream social institutions, lawmakers, and nearly all social science research that isn't directly related to crime or criminal justice. Since merely being counted poses such a challenge, inmates' lives—including their family background, the communities they come from, or what happens to them after incarceration—are even more rarely examined. And since correctional budgets provide primarily for housing and monitoring inmates, with little left over for job training or rehabilitation, a large population of young men are not only invisible to society while in prison but also ill-equipped to participate upon release. Invisible Men provides a vital reality check for social researchers, lawmakers, and anyone who cares about racial equality. The book shows that more than a half century after the first civil rights legislation, the dismal fact of mass incarceration inflicts widespread and enduring damage by undermining the fair allocation of public resources and political representation, by depriving the children of inmates of their parents' economic and emotional participation, and, ultimately, by concealing African American disadvantage from public view.
Download or read book Understanding Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-09-08 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the population of older Americans grows, it is becoming more racially and ethnically diverse. Differences in health by racial and ethnic status could be increasingly consequential for health policy and programs. Such differences are not simply a matter of education or ability to pay for health care. For instance, Asian Americans and Hispanics appear to be in better health, on a number of indicators, than White Americans, despite, on average, lower socioeconomic status. The reasons are complex, including possible roles for such factors as selective migration, risk behaviors, exposure to various stressors, patient attitudes, and geographic variation in health care. This volume, produced by a multidisciplinary panel, considers such possible explanations for racial and ethnic health differentials within an integrated framework. It provides a concise summary of available research and lays out a research agenda to address the many uncertainties in current knowledge. It recommends, for instance, looking at health differentials across the life course and deciphering the links between factors presumably producing differentials and biopsychosocial mechanisms that lead to impaired health.
Download or read book Unequal Treatment written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-02-06 with total page 781 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Racial and ethnic disparities in health care are known to reflect access to care and other issues that arise from differing socioeconomic conditions. There is, however, increasing evidence that even after such differences are accounted for, race and ethnicity remain significant predictors of the quality of health care received. In Unequal Treatment, a panel of experts documents this evidence and explores how persons of color experience the health care environment. The book examines how disparities in treatment may arise in health care systems and looks at aspects of the clinical encounter that may contribute to such disparities. Patients' and providers' attitudes, expectations, and behavior are analyzed. How to intervene? Unequal Treatment offers recommendations for improvements in medical care financing, allocation of care, availability of language translation, community-based care, and other arenas. The committee highlights the potential of cross-cultural education to improve provider-patient communication and offers a detailed look at how to integrate cross-cultural learning within the health professions. The book concludes with recommendations for data collection and research initiatives. Unequal Treatment will be vitally important to health care policymakers, administrators, providers, educators, and students as well as advocates for people of color.
