Download or read book Health and Environmental Safety of Nanomaterials written by James Njuguna and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2021-07-24 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of Health and Environmental Safety of Nanomaterials: Polymer Nanocomposites and Other Materials Containing Nanoparticles was published in 2014, but since that time, new developments in the field of nanomaterials safety have emerged, both at release and exposure, along with the expanding applications of the nanomaterials side. Numerous studies have been dedicated to the issue of biophysical interactions of nanoparticles with the human body at the organ, cellular, and molecular levels. In this second edition, all the chapters have been brought fully up to date. There are also four brand new chapters on the biophysical interaction of nanoparticles with the human body; advanced modeling approaches to help elucidate the nanorisks; safety measures at work with nanoparticles; and the health and environmental risks of graphene. It provides key knowledge and information needs for all those who are working in the research and development sector and need to learn more about the safety of nanomaterials. • Focuses on the health and safety of polymer nanocomposites and other materials containing nanoparticles, as well as their medical and environmental implications • Discusses the fundamental nature of various biophysical interactions of nanoparticles with the human body • Looks at the physico-chemistry of nanoparticles and their uptake, translocation, transformation, transport, and biodistribution in mammalian and plant systems • Presents the structure–activity relationships and modeling of the interactions of nanoparticles with biological molecules, biochemical pathways, analysis of biomolecular signatures, and the development of biomarkers.

Download or read book Health and Environmental Safety of Nanomaterials Polymer Nancomposites and Other Materials Containing Nanoparticles written by James Njuguna and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2017-11-13 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Health and Environmental Safety of Nanomaterials "addresses concerns about the impact of nanomaterials on the environment and human health, and examines the safety of specific nanomaterials. Understanding the unique chemical and physical properties of nanostructures has led to many developments in the applications of nanocomposite materials. While these materials have applications in a huge range of areas, their potential for toxicity must be thoroughly understood. Part one introduces the properties of nanomaterials, nanofillers, and nanocomposites, and questions whether they are more toxic than their bulk counterparts. Part two looks at the release and exposure of nanomaterials. The text covers sampling techniques and data analysis methods used to assess nanoparticle exposure, as well as protocols for testing the safety of polymer nanocomposites. It explains characterization techniques of airborne nanoparticles and life cycle assessment of engineered nanomaterials. Part three focuses on the safety of certain nanomaterials, including nanolayered silicates, carbon nanotubes, and metal oxides. In particular, it explores the potential ecotoxicological hazards associated with the different structures of carbon nanotubes and the safe recycling of inorganic and carbon nanoparticles. The final two chapters address the risks of nanomaterials in fire conditions: their thermal degradation, flammability, and toxicity in different fire scenarios. This is a scientific guide with technical background for professionals using nanomaterials in industry, scientists, academicians, research scholars, and polymer engineers. It also offers a deep understanding of the subject for undergraduate and postgraduate students. Introduces the properties of nanomaterials, nanofillers, and nanocomposites, and questions whether they are more toxic than their bulk counterpartsCovers sampling techniques and data analysis methods used to assess nanoparticle exposure, as well as protocols for testing the safety of polymer nanocompositesExplores the potential ecotoxicological hazards associated with the different structures of carbon nanotubes and the safe recycling of inorganic and carbon nanoparticles

Download or read book Ecosustainable Polymer Nanomaterials for Food Packaging written by Clara Silvestre and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-01-16 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer nanotechnology offers exciting benefits to the food industry, including better materials for food packaging and safer foods on supermarket shelves with lower incidences of contamination. Ecosustainable Polymer Nanomaterials for Food Packaging: Innovative Solutions, Characterization Needs, Safety and Environmental Issues examines the complete life cycle of packaging based on polymer nanomaterials. Focusing on current developments in nanomaterial packaging applications most likely to be accepted by consumers and attract regulatory attention in the immediate future, the book begins with a general introduction to current issues and future trends. The remaining chapters explore: The concept of "ethical design"—putting into practice key ideas such as the precautionary principle and presenting a model for accountability, responsibility, and ethical consideration The evolution of the rheology, structure, and morphology of nanomaterials with regard to processing conditions and constituents The application of plasma technologies for the production of barrier coatings on polymeric materials by nonequilibrium gas discharges Nanomaterials for food packaging developed from oil polymers (polyolefins) and from renewable resource polymers The use of cellulose nanowhiskers for food biopackaging and edible nano-laminate coatings The interactions of nanomaterials with food Examples of degradation under natural weathering, exposure, and recycling The book concludes with a discussion on the use of polymer nanocomposite materials for food packaging applications. From raw material selection to properties characterization to marketing and disposal, the expert contributors consider the balance between cost and performance, risk and benefit, and health and environmental issues. They also identify barriers to progress that prevent a complete successful development of the new technology and recommend strategies for further advancement.

Download or read book Nanomaterials written by Igor Linkov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-26 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many potential questions regarding the risks associated with the development and use of wide-ranging technologies enabled through engineered nanomaterials. For example, with over 600 consumer products available globally, what information exists that describes their risk to human health and the environment? What en- neering or use controls can be deployed to minimize the potential environmental health and safety impacts of nanomaterials throughout the manufacturing and product lifecycles? How can the potential environmental and health benefits of nanotechnology be realized and maximized? The idea for this book was conceived at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) on “Nanomaterials: Environmental Risks and Benefits and Emerging Consumer Products. ” This meeting – held in Algarve, Portugal, in April 2008 – started with building a foundation to harmonize risks and benefits associated with nanomaterials to develop risk management approaches and policies. More than 70 experts, from 19 countries, in the fields of risk assessment, decision-analysis, and security discussed the current state-of-knowledge with regard to nanomaterial risk and benefits. The discussion focused on the adequacy of available risk assessment tools to guide nanomaterial applications in industry and risk governance. The workshop had five primary purposes: Describe the potential benefits of nanotechnology enabled commercial products. Identify and describe what is known about environmental and human health risks of nanomaterials and approaches to assess their safety. Assess the suitability of multicriteria decision analysis for reconciling the benefits and risks of nanotechnology.

Download or read book Nanomaterials Ecotoxicity Safety and Public Perception written by Mahendra Rai and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-04 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The environment is prone to suffer pollution and toxic insult from generations of nanomaterials as well from accidental releases during production, transportation, and disposal operations. The NMs could interact with and cause adverse biological effects at cellular, subcellular, and molecular levels. Assessing potential environmental/ecological risks requires quality information on transport and fate of nanoparticles in the environment, exposures and vulnerabilities of organisms to the nanomaterials and standard methods for assessing toxicity for aquatic or terrestrial organisms and human health. The systematic risk characterization and evaluation of the safety of nanomaterials require a multidisciplinary approach and convergence of knowledge and efforts from researchers and experts from toxicology, biotechnology, materials science, chemistry, physics, engineering, and other branches of life sciences. Although studies are beginning to appear in the literature addressing the toxicity of various nanomaterials and their potential for exposure, at this stage definitive statements regarding the impacts of nanomaterials on human health and the environment remain sketchy requiring an increased level of precautions with regard to nanomaterials, as has happened with other emerging contaminants and technologies (e.g., biotechnology). The need for an increased level of understanding the perception of risk and of benefits will vary and is likely to influence public, regulatory, and non-governmental activities regarding risk and benefit evaluations. Systematic identification and assessment of the risks posed by any new technology are essential. A prudent, integrated, and holistic approach is required to develop best practices based on the scientific understanding about what we know and what we don’t know but need to know. Nanomaterials addresses key issues of ecotoxicological actions and effects of nanomaterials on life and environment, their threats, vulnerability, risks, and public perception. The readers learn to read bad news objectively and think about and search for ecological ‘green’ solutions to current environmental and ecological problems with blue, grey, brown, and red shades for building a sustainable ecosystem. It shows how this molecular terrain is a common ground for interdisciplinary research and education that will be an essential component of science, engineering and technology in the future. The book is divided into three sections. Section I includes general topics related to ecotoxicity of nanomaterials to microbes, plants, human and environment. Section 2 incorporates risks generated by the use of nanomaterials. Section 3 discusss safety issues and the public.

Download or read book Research Progress on Environmental Health and Safety Aspects of Engineered Nanomaterials written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-11-25 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the increase in funding for research and the rising numbers of peer-reviewed publications over the past decade that address the environmental, health, and safety aspects of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), uncertainty about the implications of potential exposures of consumers, workers, and ecosystems to these materials persists. Consumers and workers want to know which of these materials they are exposed to and whether the materials can harm them. Industry is concerned about being able to predict with sufficient certainty whether products that it makes and markets will pose any environmental, health or safety issues and what measures should be taken regarding manufacturing practices and worldwide distribution to minimize any potential risk. However, there remains a disconnect between the research that is being carried out and its relevance to and use by decision-makers and regulators to make informed public health and environmental policy and regulatory decisions. Research Progress on Environmental, Health, and Safety Aspects of Nanomaterials evaluates research progress and updates research priorities and resource estimates on the basis of results of studies and emerging trends in the nanotechnology industry. This report follows up the 2012 report A Research Strategy for Environmental, Health, and Safety Aspects of Engineered Nanomaterials, which presented a strategic approach for developing the science and research infrastructure needed to address uncertainties regarding the potential environmental, health, and safety risks posed by ENMs. This new report looks at the state of nanotechnology research, examines market and regulatory conditions and their affect on research priorities, and considers the criteria for evaluating research progress on the environmental, health, and safety aspects of nanotechnology.

Download or read book Handbook of Polymer Nanocomposites for Industrial Applications written by Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-11-10 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Polymer Nanocomposites for Industrial Applications summarizes the properties of polymer nanocomposites, discusses their industrial scale fabrication methods, and presents their applications for various industrial sectors at both experimental and theoretical models scales. The book also addresses existing challenges for the use of polymer nanocomposites in major industrial sectors. Overall, the aim of this book is to summarize the recent advancements in the use of PNCs in a variety of industry sectors. Particular attention is paid to those approaches that enable green and sustainable industrial developments. The legal, economical and toxicity aspects of polymer nanocomposite are also presented in detail. Comprehensively explores how polymer nanocomposites are being used to create more efficient products and devices in a variety of industry sectors Explores the environmental, legal, health and safety issues of using polymer nanocomposites in an industrial context Develops a roadmap to the wider commercial utilization of polymer nanocomposites Emphasizes the use of polymer nanocomposites in green and sustainable technologies

Download or read book Nanotechnology and Environmental Health and Safety Issues for Consideration written by John F. Sargent and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2008 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology a term encompassing nanoscale science, engineering, and technology is focused on understanding, controlling, and exploiting the unique properties of matter that can emerge at scales of one to 100 nanometers. A key issue before Congress regarding nanotechnology is how best to protect human health, safety, and the environment as nanoscale materials and products are researched, developed, manufactured, used, and discarded. While the rapidly emerging field of nanotechnology is believed by many to offer significant economic and societal benefits, some research results have raised concerns about the potential adverse environmental, health, and safety (EHS) implications of nanoscale materials. Stakeholders generally agree that concerns about potential detrimental effects of nanoscale materials and devices both real and perceived must be addressed to protect and improve human health, safety, and the environment; enable accurate and efficient risk assessment, risk management, and cost-benefit trade-offs; foster innovation and public confidence; and ensure that society can enjoy the widespread economic and societal benefits that nanotechnology may offer. Congressionally-mandated reviews of the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) by the National Research Council and the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology have concluded that additional research is required to make a rigorous risk assessment of nanoscale materials.

Download or read book Nanotechnology Environmental Health and Safety written by Matthew Hull and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2014-06-11 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology Environmental Health and Safety, Second Edition focuses not only on the impact of nanotechnology and the discipline of nanotoxicity, but also explains each of these disciplines through in the context of management requirements and via risk scenarios — providing an overview of regulation, risk management, and exposure. Contributors thoroughly explain environmental health and safety (EHS) issues, financial implications, foreseeable risks (e.g., exposure, dose, hazards of nanomaterials), occupational hygiene, and consumer protection. Key new chapters have been included covering eco-toxicity, nanomedicine, informatics, and future threats. New case studies have also been added, including a chapter on the impact of nanosilver on the environment, as well as an assessment of how well lessons have been learned from the past, such as in the case of asbestos. The book also makes a business case for the importance of proactive EHS management - essential reading for existing or prospective producers of nanoscale products. Practical guidance on risk management and mitigation across different legislative frameworks worldwide Reviews toxicological studies and industrial initiatives, supported by numerous case studies Includes extensive new material on the implications of nanotechnology for medicine, energy and food, as well as assessing future threats

Download or read book A Research Strategy for Environmental Health and Safety Aspects of Engineered Nanomaterials written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-05-09 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nanotechnology sector, which generated about $225 billion in product sales in 2009, is predicted to expand rapidly over the next decade with the development of new technologies that have new capabilities. The increasing production and use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) may lead to greater exposures of workers, consumers, and the environment, and the unique scale-specific and novel properties of the materials raise questions about their potential effects on human health and the environment. Over the last decade, government agencies, academic institutions, industry, and others have conducted many assessments of the environmental, health, and safety (EHS) aspects of nanotechnology. The results of those efforts have helped to direct research on the EHS aspects of ENMs. However, despite the progress in assessing research needs and despite the research that has been funded and conducted, developers, regulators, and consumers of nanotechnology-enabled products remain uncertain about the types and quantities of nanomaterials in commerce or in development, their possible applications, and their associated risks. A Research Strategy for Environmental, Health, and Safety Aspects of Engineered Nanomaterials presents a strategic approach for developing the science and research infrastructure needed to address uncertainties regarding the potential EHS risks of ENMs. The report summarizes the current state of the science and high-priority data gaps on the potential EHS risks posed by ENMs and describes the fundamental tools and approaches needed to pursue an EHS risk research strategy. The report also presents a proposed research agenda, short-term and long-term research priorities, and estimates of needed resources and concludes by focusing on implementation of the research strategy and evaluation of its progress, elements that the committee considered integral to its charge.

Download or read book Nanotechnology written by Jo Anne Shatkin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Should you adopt nanotechnology? If you have already adopted it, what do you need to know? What are the risks? Nanomaterials and nanotechnologies are revolutionizing the ways we treat disease, produce energy, manufacture products, and attend to our daily wants and needs. To continue to capture the promise of these transformative products, however, we need to ask critical questions about the broader impacts of nanotechnology on society and the environment. Exploring these questions, the second edition of Nanotechnology: Health and Environmental Risks gives you the latest tools to understand the risks of nanotechnology and make better decisions about using it. Examining the state of the science, the book discusses what is known, and what still needs to be understood, about nanotechnology risk. It looks at the uses of nanotechnology for energy, industry, medicine, technology, and consumer applications and explains how to determine whether there is risk—even when there is little reliable evidence—and how to manage it. Contributors cover a wide range of topics, including: Current concerns, among them perceived risks and the challenges of evaluating emerging technology A historical perspective on product safety and chemicals policy The importance of being proactive about identifying and managing health and environmental risks during product development How the concepts of sustainability and life cycle assessment can guide nanotechnology product development Methods for evaluating nanotechnology risks, including screening approaches and research How to manage risk when working with nanoscale materials at the research stage and in occupational environments What international organizations are doing to address risk issues How risk assessment can inform environmental decision making Written in easy-to-understand language, without sacrificing complexity or scientific accuracy, this book offers a wide-angle view of nanotechnology and risk. Supplying cutting-edge approaches and insight, it explains what types of risks could exist and what you can do to address them. What’s New in This Edition Updates throughout, reflecting advances in the field, new literature, and policy developments A new chapter on nanotechnology risk communication, including insights into risk perceptions and the mental models people use to evaluate technological risks An emphasis on developing nanotechnology products that are sustainable in the long term Advances in the understanding of nanomaterials toxicity Cutting-edge research on occupational exposure to nanoparticles Changes in the international landscape of organizations working on the environmental, health, and safety aspects of nanotechnologies

Download or read book Handbook of Functionalized Nanomaterials written by Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-08-23 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Functionalized Nanomaterials: Environmental Health and Safety discusses the reactive properties of FNMs used in a range of applications, and their toxic impact on the environment. Nanomaterials have unique properties that can make them highly reactive. This reactivity can cause unwanted interactions with living cells, an increase in oxidative stress or damage to genetic material - resulting in damage to the environment and local wildlife. This negative impact is often further increased after surface functionalization of nanomaterials with other materials which offer unique properties of their own. To ensure environmental safety and ecological balance, rigorous toxicity testing of functionalized nanomaterials (FNMs) is necessary. This book discusses the toxicological uncertainties of FNMs and the limitations of FNMs in a range of applications. Later chapters propose methods to reliably assess the harm that functionalized nanomaterials can cause to the environment and wildlife, as well covering recent developments in the field of environmental health safety. The book concludes with a discussion on the future prospects of safe functionalized nanomaterials. Offers a novel, integrated approach, bridging the gap between FNMs and environmental health and safety Analyses the reactive properties of FNMs and their toxicological potential Provides an in-depth look at the impact of functionalized nanomaterials on the environment

Download or read book Safety of Nanoparticles written by Thomas J. Webster and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-11-18 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In spite of the potential use of nanomaterials as tissue engineering devices, implants, biosensors, drug delivery devices, etc., there has yet to be a compilation of the risks associated with the in vivo use of nanomaterials. There are numerous and well-known risks because of the size of nanoparticles. For example, nanoparticles can cross cell membranes and enter the cytoplasm undetected. The aim of this book is to provide one of the first (if not the first) detailed views of how cells and tissues in the body deal with nanoparticles. This is important not only for implantable devices, but also for the manufacturing of nanophase materials when particles can be inhaled or enter the body through the skin. Only by compiling research at the intersection of nanoparticles and biological processes can we determine if nanophase materials are safe to be manufactured, handled, and/or implanted for various medical applications.

Download or read book Review of the Federal Strategy for Nanotechnology Related Environmental Health and Safety Research written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-02-17 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new book from the National Research Council finds serious weaknesses in the government's plan for research on the potential health and environmental risks posed by nanomaterials, which are increasingly being used in consumer goods and industry. An effective national plan for identifying and managing potential risks is essential to the successful development and public acceptance of nanotechnology-enabled products. The book recommends a robust national strategic plan for addressing nanotechnology-related EHS risks, which will need to focus on promoting research that can assist all stakeholders, including federal agencies, in planning, controlling, and optimizing the use of engineered nanomaterials while minimizing EHS effects of concern to society. Such a plan will ensure the timely development of engineered nanoscale materials that will bring about great improvements in the nation's health, its environmental quality, its economy, and its security.

Download or read book Exposure Assessment and Safety Considerations for Working with Engineered Nanoparticles written by Michael J. Ellenbecker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-26 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addresses health and safety issues associated with workplace Nanoparticle exposures • Describes methods to evaluate and control worker exposures to engineered nanoparticles • Provides guidance for concerned EHS professionals on acceptable levels of exposure to nanoparticles • Includes documentation on best practices to be followed by all researchers when working with engineered nanoparticles • Describes current knowledge on toxicity of nanoparticles • Includes coverage on Routes of Exposure for Engineered Nanoparticles

Download or read book Nanomaterials written by Simona Clichici and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-02-19 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decade, nanomaterials have become a double-edged sword. On one hand, nanomaterials have proven their limitless potential not only for technological applications, but also for medical ones. On the other hand, the increasing use of these nanomaterials has raised concerns regarding their safety for environmental and human health, due to their potential toxicity. The toxic effects of nanomaterials depend on their type, surface geometry, diameter, length and function. This book intends to provide a comprehensive evidence-based overview of nanomaterial toxicity, from their synthesis and characterization, environmental impact, tests to assess their toxicity in vitro and in vivo, ways to modulate their impact on living organisms, to their beneficial use in biomedical applications.

Download or read book Nanotechnology Safety written by Ramazan Asmatulu and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-12 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology is one of the ways of improving many properties of materials, including physical, chemical, physicochemical, and biological, which can be useful for various applications in biomedical, textile, aerospace, manufacturing, cosmetics, oil, defense, agricultural, and electronics industries. Nevertheless, nanotechnology products, or nanomaterials (e.g., nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanowires, nanocomposites, and nanofilms), can be unsafe to human health because of the way they are manipulated and treated at near atomic scale. Since these nanomaterials are produced with mainly new manufacturing techniques and have various sizes, shapes, and surface energies, they may also create some uncertainties because of the lack of specific rules and regulations governing their manufacture and manipulation. This study provides a detailed report on the safety and ethics of nanotechnology and related ethical, social, philosophical, environmental, biological, and other legal issues. The information provided here can be very useful for training and protecting scientists, engineers, students, policymakers, and regulators working in the nanotechnology and related technologies.