Download or read book HBR s 10 Must Reads on Leadership Lessons from Sports featuring interviews with Sir Alex Ferguson Kareem Abdul Jabbar Andre Agassi written by Harvard Business Review and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2018-01-16 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world's elite athletes and coaches achieve high performance through inspiring leadership, mental toughness, and direction-setting strategic choices. Harvard Business Review has talked to many of these high performers throughout the years to learn how their success translates to the world of business. If you read nothing else on management lessons from the world of sports, read these 10 articles by athletes, coaches, and leadership experts. We've combed through our archive and selected the articles that will best help you drive performance. This book will inspire you to: Improve on your weaknesses, not just your strengths Take care of your body for sustained mental performance Increase your confidence and manage your energy before an important event Turn a struggling team around Understand the limits of performance metrics Focus on long-term goals to overcome setbacks Understand where the analogy of sports and business doesn't work This collection of articles includes "Ferguson's Formula," by Anita Elberse with Sir Alex Ferguson; "Life's Work: An Interview with Greg Louganis"; "The Making of a Corporate Athlete," by Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz; "The Tough Work of Turning a Team Around," by Bill Parcells; "How an Olympic Gold Medalist Learned to Perform Under Pressure: An Interview with Alex Gregory"; "Mental Preparation Secrets of Top Athletes, Entertainers, and Surgeons," an interview with Daniel McGinn by Sarah Green Carmichael; "SoulCycle's CEO on Sustaining Growth in a Faddish Industry," by Melanie Whelan; "Life's Work: An Interview with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar"; "Major League Innovation," by Scott D. Anthony; "Looking Past Performance in Your Star Talent," by Mark de Rond, Adrian Moorhouse, and Matt Rogan; "Life's Work: An Interview with Mikhail Baryshnikov"; "How the Best of the Best Get Better and Better," by Graham Jones; "Life's Work: An Interview with Joe Girardi"; "Why There Is an I in Team," by Mark de Rond; "Life's Work: An Interview with Andre Agassi"; and "Why Sports Are a Terrible Metaphor for Business," by Bill Taylor.

Download or read book The Book of Beautiful Questions written by Warren Berger and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2018-10-30 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the bestselling author of A More Beautiful Question, hundreds of big and small questions that harness the magic of inquiry to tackle challenges we all face--at work, in our relationships, and beyond. When confronted with almost any demanding situation, the act of questioning can help guide us to smart decisions. By asking questions, we can analyze, learn, and move forward in the face of uncertainty. But "questionologist" Warren Berger says that the questions must be the right ones; the ones that cut to the heart of complexity or enable us to see an old problem in a fresh way. In The Book of Beautiful Questions, Berger shares illuminating stories and compelling research on the power of inquiry. Drawn from the insights and expertise of psychologists, innovators, effective leaders, and some of the world's foremost creative thinkers, he presents the essential questions readers need to make the best choices when it truly counts, with a particular focus in four key areas: decision-making, creativity, leadership, and relationships. The powerful questions in this book can help you: - Identify opportunities in your career or industry - Generate fresh ideas in business or in your own creative pursuits - Check your biases so you can make better judgments and decisions - Do a better job of communicating and connecting with the people around you Thoughtful, provocative, and actionable, these beautiful questions can be applied immediately to bring about change in your work or your everyday life.

Download or read book Leading written by Alex Ferguson and published by Hachette UK. This book was released on 2015-09-22 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'One of the World's all-time great leaders' Professor Anita Elberse, Harvard Business School What does it take to lead a team to world-class success over a sustained period of time? Sir Alex Ferguson is one of the few leaders who truly knows. In his 38 years in management, Sir Alex won an astonishing 49 trophies and helped grow Manchester United into one of the biggest commercial brands in the world. In this inspirational and straight-talking book, Sir Alex reveals the secrets behind his record-breaking career. LEADING is structured around the key skills that Sir Alex values most highly. It includes subjects we immediately associate with his managerial style: Discipline, Control, Teamwork and Motivation. But it also addresses subjects that are less obvious but no less important when seeking success: Delegation, Data Analysis and Dealing with Failure. Written with the investor Sir Michael Moritz, a longstanding friend of Sir Alex, LEADING is packed with insight, wisdom, humour and honesty. The individual stories inevitably concern themselves with football, and the phenomenal success that came along the way, but the lessons can be applied by anyone. Whether you run a business, teach in a classroom, or work in a small team, LEADING will help you become a better leader.

Download or read book There is an I in Team written by Mark de Rond and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through numerous examples from sports, highlighted by interviews from distinguished players and coaches around the world, de Rond shows what team leaders can learn by focusing on the individuals within them.

Download or read book HBR s 10 Must Reads 2021 written by Harvard Business Review and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2020-10-06 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A year's worth of management wisdom, all in one place. We've reviewed the ideas, insights, and best practices from the past year of Harvard Business Review to keep you up-to-date on the most cutting-edge, influential thinking driving business today. With authors from Marcus Buckingham to Amy Edmondson and company examples from Lyft to Disney, this volume brings the most current and important management conversations right to your fingertips. This book will inspire you to: Rethink whether constant, candid feedback really helps employees thrive Move beyond diversity and inclusion to creating a racially just workplace Adopt connected strategies that anticipate your customers' needs Navigate the challenges of dual-career relationships Understand when data creates competitive advantage—and when it doesn't Break through the organizational barriers that impede AI initiatives Lead in a new era of climate action This collection of articles includes “The Feedback Fallacy,” by Marcus Buckingham and Ashley Goodall; “Cross-Silo Leadership,” by Tiziana Casciaro, Amy C. Edmondson, and Sujin Jang; “Toward a Racially Just Workplace,” by Laura Morgan Roberts and Anthony J. Mayo; “The Age of Continuous Connection,” by Nicolaj Siggelkow and Christian Terwiesch; “The Hard Truth about Innovative Cultures,” by Gary P. Pisano; “Creating a Trans-Inclusive Workplace,” by Christian N. Thoroughgood, Katina B. Sawyer, and Jennica R. Webster; “When Data Creates Competitive Advantage,” by Andrei Hagiu and Julian Wright; “Your Approach to Hiring Is All Wrong,” by Peter Cappelli; “How Dual-Career Couples Make It Work,” by Jennifer Petriglieri; “Building the AI-Powered Organization,” by Tim Fountaine, Brian McCarthy, and Tamim Saleh; “Leading a New Era of Climate Action,” by Andrew Winston; and “That Discomfort You’re Feeling Is Grief,” by Scott Berinato.

Download or read book Nine Things Successful People Do Differently written by Heidi Grant Halvorson and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2017-10-17 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are you at the top of your game—or still trying to get there? Take your cues from the short, powerful Nine Things Successful People Do Differently, where the strategies and goals of the world’s most successful people are on display—backed by research that shows exactly what has the biggest impact on performance. Here’s a hint: accomplished people reach their goals because of what they do, not just who they are. Readers have called this “a gem of a book.” Get ready to accomplish your goals at last.

Download or read book Brothers in Arms written by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Disrupt Yourself With a New Introduction written by Whitney Johnson and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2019-11-12 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-growth organizations need high-growth individuals Startups, growth-stage companies, and private equity–backed companies all have one thing in common: They need high-growth individuals to execute high-growth plans. As a leader trying to achieve ambitious organizational goals, you need people who can do more than just keep up; you need people who can set the pace. You need high-growth individuals. Disrupt Yourself helps high-growth individuals--and those trying to attain this status--learn the tools and frameworks necessary to make changes that matter. This book helps you understand how these frameworks of disruptive innovation can apply to your particular path, whether you are: A self-starter ready to make a disruptive pivot in your business A high-potential individual charting your career trajectory A manager looking to instill innovative thinking within your team A leader facing industry changes that make for an uncertain future Whitney Johnson used the theory of disruptive innovation to invest in publicly traded stocks and early-stage private companies, and now she applies the framework to the personal and professional growth of individuals. We are living in an era of accelerating disruption, and no one is immune. Johnson makes the compelling case that managing the S-curve waves of learning and mastery is a requisite skill for the future. If you want to be successful in unexpected ways and achieve your wildest goals, follow your own disruptive path. Dare to innovate. Do something astonishing. Disrupt yourself.

Download or read book What Color Is My World written by Kareem Abdul Jabbar and published by Candlewick Press. This book was released on 2012-03-13 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, basketball legend and the NBA's alltime leading scorer, champions a lineup of little-known African-American inventors in this lively, kid-friendly book. Did you know that James West invented the microphone in your cell phone? That Fred Jones invented the refrigerated truck that makes supermarkets possible? Or that Dr. Percy Julian synthesized cortisone from soy, easing untold people’s pain? These are just some of the black inventors and innovators scoring big points in this dynamic look at several unsung heroes who shared a desire to improve people’s lives. Offering profiles with fast facts on flaps and framed by a funny contemporary story featuring two feisty twins, here is a nod to the minds behind the gamma electric cell and the ice-cream scoop, improvements to traffic lights, open-heart surgery, and more — inventors whose ingenuity and perseverance against great odds made our world safer, better, and brighter. Back matter includes an authors’ note and sources.

Download or read book HBR s 10 Must Reads Boxed Set 6 Books HBR s 10 Must Reads written by Harvard Business Review and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2011-08-15 with total page 1447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Timeless advice from the pages of Harvard Business Review You want the most important ideas on management all in one place. Now you can have them--in a set of HBR's 10 Must Reads. We've combed through hundreds of Harvard Business Review articles on strategy, change leadership, managing people, and managing yourself and selected the most important ones to help you maximize your performance. This six-title collection includes only the most critical articles from the world's top management experts, curated from Harvard Business Review's rich archives. We've done the work of selecting them so you won’t have to. These books are packed with enduring advice from the best minds in business such as: Michael Porter, Clayton Christensen, Peter Drucker, John Kotter, Daniel Goleman, Jim Collins, Ted Levitt, Gary Hamel, W. Chan Kim, Renee Mauborgne and much more. The HBR's 10 Must Reads Boxed Set includes: HBR's 10 Must Reads: The Essentials This book brings together the best thinking from management's most influential experts. Once you've read these definitive articles, you can delve into each core topic the series explores: managing yourself, managing people, leadership, strategy, and change management. HBR's 10 Must Reads on Managing Yourself The path to your professional success starts with a critical look in the mirror. Here's how to stay engaged throughout your 50-year work life, tap into your deepest values, solicit candid feedback, replenish your physical and mental energy, and rebound from tough times. This book includes the bonus article "How Will You Measure Your Life?" by Clayton M. Christensen. HBR's 10 Must Reads on Managing People Managing your employees is fraught with challenges, even if you're a seasoned pro. Boost their performance by tailoring your management styles to their temperaments, motivating with responsibility rather than money, and fostering trust through solicited input. This book includes the bonus article "Leadership That Gets Results," by Daniel Goleman. HBR's 10 Must Reads on Leadership Are you an extraordinary leader--or just a good manager? Learn how to motivate others to excel, build your team's confidence, set direction, encourage smart risk-taking, credit others for your success, and draw strength from adversity. This book includes the bonus article "What Makes an Effective Executive," by Peter F. Drucker. HBR's 10 Must Reads on Strategy Is your company spending too much time on strategy development, with too little to show for it? Discover what it takes to distinguish your company from rivals, clarify what it will (and won't) do, create blue oceans of uncontested market space, and make your priorities explicit so employees can realize your vision. This book includes the bonus article "What Is Strategy?" by Michael E. Porter. HBR's 10 Must Reads on Change Management Most companies' change initiatives fail--but yours can beat the odds. Learn how to overcome addiction to the status quo, establish a sense of urgency, mobilize commitment and resources, silence naysayers, minimize the pain of change, and motivate change even when business is good. This book includes the bonus article 'Leading Change," by John P. Kotter. About the HBR's 10 Must Reads Series: HBR's 10 Must Reads series is the definitive collection of ideas and best practices for aspiring and experienced leaders alike. These books offer essential reading selected from the pages of Harvard Business Review on topics critical to the success of every manager. Each book is packed with advice and inspiration from the best minds in business.

Download or read book The Manager written by Mike Carson and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2013-08-29 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the post room to the board room, everyone thinks they can be the manager. But how do you manage outrageous talent? What do you do to inspire loyalty from your players? How do you turn around a team in crisis? What's the best way to build long-term success? How can you lead calmly under pressure? The issues are the same whether you're managing a Premier League football team or a FTSE 100 company. Here, for the first time, some 30 of the biggest names in football management reveal just what it takes. With their every act, remark, and success or failure under constant scrutiny from the media and the fans, these managers need to be the most adroit of leaders. In The Manager they explain their methods, offer lessons they've learned along the way, and describe the decisions they make and the leadership they provide. Each chapter tackles a key leadership issue for managers in any walk of life and, in their own words, shows how the experts deal with the challenges they face in an abnormally high-pressure environment. Offering valuable lessons for business leaders and fascinating behind-the-scenes insights for football fans, The Manager is an honest, accessible and unprecedented look at the day-to-day work of these high-profile characters and the world of top-level football management. Featuring: Roy Hodgson, Carlo Ancelotti, Arsène Wenger, Sam Allardyce, Roberto Mancini, José Mourinho, Brendan Rodgers, Harry Redknapp, Sir Alex Ferguson, Walter Smith, Mick McCarthy, Gerard Houllier, Tony Pulis, Martin O'Neill, Neil Warnock, Howard Wilkinson, Kevin Keegan, Dario Gradi, Andre Villas-Boas, David Moyes, Alex McLeish, Hope Powell, Martin Jol, Glenn Hoddle, Chris Hughton, David Platt, Paul Ince, and George Graham.

Download or read book HBR s 10 Must Reads on Design Thinking with featured article Design Thinking By Tim Brown written by Harvard Business Review and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2020-04-28 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Use design thinking for competitive advantage. If you read nothing else on design thinking, read these 10 articles. We've combed through hundreds of Harvard Business Review articles and selected the most important ones to help you use design thinking to produce breakthrough innovations and transform your organization. This book will inspire you to: Identify customers' "jobs to be done" and build products people love Fail small, learn quickly, and win big Provide the support design-thinking teams need to flourish Foster a culture of experimentation Sharpen your own skills as a design thinker Counteract the biases that perpetuate the status quo and thwart innovation Adopt best practices from design-driven powerhouses This collection of articles includes "Design Thinking," by Tim Brown; "Why Design Thinking Works," by Jeanne M. Liedtka; "The Right Way to Lead Design Thinking," by Christian Bason and Robert D. Austin; "Design for Action," by Tim Brown and Roger L. Martin; "The Innovation Catalysts," by Roger L. Martin; “Know Your Customers' 'Jobs to Be Done,'" by Clayton M. Christensen, Taddy Hall, Karen Dillon, and David S. Duncan; "Engineering Reverse Innovations," by Amos Winter and Vijay Govindarajan; "Strategies for Learning from Failure," by Amy C. Edmondson; "How Indra Nooyi Turned Design Thinking into Strategy," by Indra Nooyi and Adi Ignatius, and "Reclaim Your Creative Confidence," by Tom Kelley and David Kelley. HBR's 10 Must Reads paperback series is the definitive collection of books for new and experienced leaders alike. Leaders looking for the inspiration that big ideas provide, both to accelerate their own growth and that of their companies, should look no further. HBR's 10 Must Reads series focuses on the core topics that every ambitious manager needs to know: leadership, strategy, change, managing people, and managing yourself. Harvard Business Review has sorted through hundreds of articles and selected only the most essential reading on each topic. Each title includes timeless advice that will be relevant regardless of an ever‐changing business environment.

Download or read book HBR s 10 Must Reads on Leadership Vol 2 with bonus article The Focused Leader By Daniel Goleman written by Harvard Business Review and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2020-03-24 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stay on top of your leadership game. Leadership isn't something you're born with or gifted as a reward for an abundance of charisma; true leadership stems from core skills that can be learned. Get more of the leadership ideas you want, from the authors you trust, with HBR's 10 Must Reads on Leadership (Vol. 2). We’ve combed through hundreds of Harvard Business Review articles and selected the most important ones to help you maximize your own and your organization's performance. With insights from leading experts including Michael D. Watkins, Herminia Ibarra, and Michael E. Porter, this book will inspire you to: Identify areas for personal growth Build trust with and among your employees Develop a more dynamic and sophisticated communication style Try out different leadership styles and behaviors to find the right approach for you--and your organization Transform yourself from a problem solver to an agenda setter Harness the power of connections Become an adaptive and strategic leader This collection of articles includes "Leadership Is a Conversation," by Boris Groysberg and Michael Slind; "How Managers Become Leaders: The Seven Seismic Shifts of Perspective and Responsibility," by Michael D. Watkins; "Strategic Leadership: The Essential Skills," by Paul J.H. Schoemaker, Steve Krupp, and Samantha Howland; "The Authenticity Paradox," by Herminia Ibarra; "'Both/And' Leadership," by Wendy K. Smith, Marianne W. Lewis, and Michael L. Tushman; "Are You a Collaborative Leader?" by Herminia Ibarra and Morten T. Hansen; "Cross-Silo Leadership," by Tiziana Casciaro, Amy C. Edmondson, and Sujin Jang; "How CEOs Manage Time," by Michael E. Porter and Nitin Nohria; "The Best Leaders Are Great Teachers," by Sydney Finkelstein; "Nimble Leadership," by Deborah Ancona, Elaine Backman, and Kate Isaacs; and "The Focused Leader," by Daniel Goleman.

Download or read book Coach Wooden and Me written by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and published by Grand Central Publishing. This book was released on 2017-05-16 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Former NBA star and Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient Kareem Abdul-Jabbar explores his 50-year friendship with Coach John Wooden, one of the most enduring and meaningful relationships in sports history. When future NBA legend Kareem Abdul-Jabbar was still an 18-year-old high school basketball prospect from New York City named Lew Alcindor, he accepted a scholarship from UCLA largely on the strength of Coach John Wooden's reputation as a winner. It turned out to be the right choice, as Alcindor and his teammates won an unprecedented three NCAA championship titles. But it also marked the beginning of one of the most extraordinary and enduring friendships in the history of sports. In Coach Wooden and Me, Abdul-Jabbar reveals the inspirational story of how his bond with John Wooden evolved from a history-making coach-player mentorship into a deep and genuine friendship that transcended sports, shaped the course of both men's lives, and lasted for half a century. Coach Wooden and Me is a stirring tribute to the subtle but profound influence that Wooden had on Kareem as a player, and then as a person, as they began to share their cultural, religious, and family values while facing some of life's biggest obstacles. From his first day of practice, when the players were taught the importance of putting on their athletic socks properly; to gradually absorbing the sublime wisdom of Coach Wooden's now famous "Pyramid of Success"; to learning to cope with the ugly racism that confronted black athletes during the turbulent Civil Rights era as well as losing loved ones, Abdul-Jabbar fondly recalls how Coach Wooden's fatherly guidance not only paved the way for his unmatched professional success but also made possible a lifetime of personal fulfillment. Full of intimate, never-before-published details and delivered with the warmth and erudition of a grateful student who has learned his lessons well, Coach Wooden and Me is at once a celebration of the unique philosophical outlook of college basketball's most storied coach and a moving testament to the all-conquering power of friendship. Instant New York Times and USA Today Bestseller President Barack Obama's Favorite Book of 2017 A Boston Globe and Huffington Post Best Book of 2017 Pick

Download or read book HBR s 10 Must Reads on Mental Toughness with bonus interview Post Traumatic Growth and Building Resilience with Martin Seligman HBR s 10 Must Reads written by Harvard Business Review and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Come back from every setback a stronger and better leader If you read nothing else on mental toughness, read these ten articles by experts in the field. We've combed through hundreds of articles in the Harvard Business Review archive and selected the most important ones to help you build your emotional strength and resilience--and to achieve high performance. This book will inspire you to: Thrive on pressure like an Olympic athlete Manage and overcome negative emotions by acknowledging them Plan short-term goals to achieve long-term aspirations Surround yourself with the people who will push you the hardest Use challenges to become a better leader Use creativity to move past trauma Understand the tools your mind uses to recover from setbacks. This collection of articles includes "How the Best of the Best Get Better and Better," by Graham Jones; "Crucibles of Leadership," by Warren G. Bennis and Robert J. Thomas; "Building Resilience," by Martin E.P. Seligman; "Cognitive Fitness," by Roderick Gilkey and Clint Kilts; "The Making of a Corporate Athlete," by Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz; "Stress Can Be a Good Thing If You Know How to Use It," by Alla Crum and Thomas Crum; "How to Bounce Back from Adversity," by Joshua D. Margolis and Paul G. Stoltz; "Rebounding from Career Setbacks," by Mitchell Lee Marks, Philip Mirvis, and Ron Ashkenas; "Realizing What You're Made Of," by Glenn E. Mangurian; "Extreme Negotiations," by Jeff Weiss, Aram Donigian, and Jonathan Hughes; and "Post-Traumatic Growth and Building Resilience," by Martin Seligman and Sarah Green Carmichael.

Download or read book Mycroft and Sherlock written by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and published by Titan Books (US, CA). This book was released on 2018-10-09 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new novel by NBA All-Star Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, starring brothers Mycroft and Sherlock Holmes. It is 1872, and a series of gruesome murders is the talk of London. Mycroft Holmes--now twenty-six and a force to be reckoned with at the War Office--has no interest in the killings; however, his brother Sherlock has developed a distasteful fascination for the macabre to the detriment of his studies, much to Mycroft's frustration. When a ship carrying cargo belonging to Mycroft's best friend Cyrus Douglas runs aground, Mycroft persuades Sherlock to serve as a tutor at the orphanage that Douglas runs as a charity, so that Douglas might travel to see what can be salvaged. Sherlock finds himself at home among the street urchins, and when a boy dies of a suspected drug overdose, he decides to investigate, following a trail of strange subterranean symbols to the squalid opium dens of the London docks. Meanwhile a meeting with a beautiful Chinese woman leads Mycroft to the very same mystery, one that forces him to examine the underbelly of the opium trade that is enriching his beloved Britain's coffers. As the stakes rise, the brothers find that they need one another's assistance and counsel. But a lifetime of keeping secrets from each other may have catastrophic consequences...

Download or read book Managing My Life My Autobiography written by Alex Ferguson and published by Hodder & Stoughton. This book was released on 2017-10-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about the beginning of Sir Alex's football career, until the year 2000. 1999 was an outstanding year for Alex Ferguson - not only did he lead Manchester United, the most glamorous club in the world, to a unique and outstanding treble triumph, but he was awarded the highest honour for his sporting achievements; a Knighthood from the Queen. Universally respected for his tough, but caring managerial style, Ferguson is an unusually intelligent man with a fascinating life story. Covering his tough Govan upbringing through to his playing days and onto his shift into management, Managing My Life is told with the fine balance of biting controversy and human sensitivity which made it such an unprecedented success in hardback. Alex Ferguson is a legend in his lifetime.