Download or read book Blood Donor Counselling written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2016-06-24 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Individuals who donate their blood provide a unique and precious gift in an act of human solidarity. In order to donate blood, prospective donors should be in good health and free from any infections that can be transmitted through transfusion. Most blood donors perceive themselves to be healthy, but some are unsuitable to donate blood due to the potential risk of compromising or worsening their own health or the risk of transmission of infections to patients. Blood transfusion services (BTS) have a duty of care towards blood donors as well as to the recipients of transfusion. This duty of care extends to prospective donors who are deferred from donation--whether on a temporary or permanent basis--as well as those who donate blood and are subsequently found to have unusual or abnormal test results. BTS have a responsibility to confirm test results and provide information, counseling and support to enable these individuals to understand and respond to unexpected information about their health or risk status. Counseling is part of the spectrum of care that a BTS should be able to provide to blood donors--including referral to medical practitioners or specialist clinical services. Pre-donation counseling was recognized as one element of the strategy to reduce and, if possible, prevent the donation of blood by individuals who might be at risk for HIV and other TTI including hepatitis B and C viruses as well as to inform the donor of the donation process and testing of blood for HIV. Post-donation counseling was acknowledged to be a necessary element of donor management as an adjunct to informing donors of unusual or abnormal test results. Blood donor counseling by trained specialist staff is now considered to be a key component of the blood system in most countries with a well-developed blood transfusion service. It may be required at a number of stages in the blood donation process or following blood screening and should be available at any point at which the BTS has an interface with donors. In many countries, however, blood donor counseling is not yet available in a structured way. Blood Donor Counselling: Implementation Guidelines has therefore been developed to provide guidance to blood transfusion services that have not yet established donor counseling programs.

Download or read book Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation Second Edition written by Roland N. Pittman and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2016-08-18 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.

Download or read book Regulation of Haemoglobin Synthesis written by J. Neuwirt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Haemoglobin is one of the most important molecules in the animal kingdom. Its function is to carry oxygen to tissues. In lower invertebrates the blood pigment is present in the haemolymph and is not bound in cells. Later in the course of phylo genesis haemoglobin remains associated with cells which produce it and in this form it reaches the peripheral circulation. In higher organisms the haemoglobin production is thus determined by two main factors: haemoglobin synthesis in erythroid cells and the formation of these erythroid cells which depends on cell proliferation in haematopoietic organs. Human haemoglobin is made up of two chains which combine from four different polypeptide chains formed in varying ratios in different periods of the life cycle. During the life span of humans the following haemoglobins are formed: embryonic haemoglobins Gower 1 and 2, foetal haemoglobin F and two adult haemoglobins A and A . E-and IX-chains are part of the embryonic haemoglobins Gower 1 (E4) and 2 Gower 2 (1X2E2). These haemoglobins predominate in embryos during the second month of pregnancy and at the end of the first trimester they are completely re placed by foetal haemoglobin F (~Y2). Adult haemoglobin A consists of two IX and two ~-chains and is the main component of red cells in adults. A relatively small component of red cells accounting for less than 2 % of the total haemo globin, is haemoglobin A2 (1X0).

Download or read book Prevention of Thalassaemias and Other Haemoglobin Disorders written by Galanello Renzo and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 1 of the Prevention Book presents the principles of a programme for the prevention of the thalassaemia and other haemoglobin disorders, including a description of the various types of disorders requiring prenatal diagnosis, the strategies used for carrier screening, and a number of annexes listing upto date epidemiological and mutation data on thalassaemia. This book was written for use in combination with Volume 2, which describes many of the laboratory protocols in great detail.

Download or read book Haemoglobinopathy Diagnosis written by Barbara J. Bain and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-02-28 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An updated, essential guide for the laboratory diagnosis of haemoglobin disorders This revised and updated third edition of Haemoglobinopathy Diagnosis offers a comprehensive review of the practical information needed for an understanding of the laboratory diagnosis of haemoglobin disorders. Written in a concise and approachable format, the book includes an overview of clinical and laboratory features of these disorders. The author focuses on the selection, performance, and interpretation of the tests that are offered by the majority of diagnostic laboratories. The book also explains when more specialist tests are required and explores what specialist referral centres will accomplish. The information on diagnosis is set in a clinical context. The third edition is written by a leading haematologist with a reputation for educational excellence. Designed as a practical resource, the book is filled with illustrative examples and helpful questions that can aide in the retention of the material presented. Additionally, the author includes information on the most recent advances in the field. This important text: • Contains a practical, highly illustrated, approach to the laboratory diagnosis of haemoglobin disorders • Includes “test-yourself” questions and provides an indispensable tool for learning and teaching • Presents new material on antenatal screening/prenatal diagnostic services • Offers myriad self-assessment case studies that are ideal for the trainee Written for trainees and residents in haematology, practicing haematologists, and laboratory scientists, Haemoglobinopathy Diagnosis is an essential reference and learning tool that provides a clear basis for understanding the diagnosis of haemoglobin disorders.

Download or read book Visible and Near Infrared Absorption Spectra of Human and Animal Haemoglobin determination and application written by Williem.G. Zijlstra and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-10-28 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The bright colour of haemoglobin has, from the very beginning, played a significant role in both the investigation of this compound as well as in the study of blood oxygen transport. Numerous optical methods have been developed for measuring haemoglobin concentration, oxygen saturation, and the principal dyshaemoglobins in vitro as well as in vivo.

Download or read book Clinical Methods written by Henry Kenneth Walker and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 1990 with total page 1128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to the techniques and analysis of clinical data. Each of the seventeen sections begins with a drawing and biographical sketch of a seminal contributor to the discipline. After an introduction and historical survey of clinical methods, the next fifteen sections are organized by body system. Each contains clinical data items from the history, physical examination, and laboratory investigations that are generally included in a comprehensive patient evaluation. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Download or read book Disorders of Hemoglobin written by Martin H. Steinberg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-08-17 with total page 883 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completely revised new edition of the definitive reference on disorders of hemoglobin.

Download or read book Variant Haemoglobins written by Barbara J. Bain and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-06-28 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Variant Haemoglobins – A Guide to Identification is based on the premise that any single diagnostic technique offers only a very provisional identification of a variant haemoglobin. In routine diagnostic practice two techniques are needed as a minimum, with the results being interpreted in the light of the clinical details, blood count, blood film and ethnic origin. This book covers 150 normal and variant haemoglobins that have been studied and carefully documented. Variant Haemoglobins has four introductory chapters followed by an invaluable atlas. The introductory chapters cover the genetics of haemoglobin synthesis the principles of tests employed for identification common haemoglobins of major clinical or diagnostic importance thalassaemias and related conditions The atlas section comprises 170 full colour pages in which each variant haemoglobin or combination of haemoglobins is illustrated by cellulose acetate electrophoresis at alkaline pH, agarose gel electrophoresis at acid pH, isoelectric focusing and one or more HPLC traces. For ease of reference, the atlas pages are arranged according to the retention time of each haemoglobin on HPLC, this becoming increasingly the primary technique employed in haemoglobin identification. Bringing a mix of necessary scientific expertise and clinical knowledge, each author has more than 30 years experience in the diagnosis of variant haemoglobins. Providing otherwise unavailable information, this unique and practical guide is illustrated with over 700 high quality colour digital images plus flow charts and line diagrams covers common and important haemoglobin variants, in addition to many rarer ones is an essential reference source for diagnosis in the haematology laboratory A remarkably useful book, Variant Haemoglobins will be valuable for haematopathologists, clinical and laboratory haematologists in practice and in training and all laboratory staff involved in haemoglobinopathy diagnosis.

Download or read book Conference on Hemoglobin 2 3 May 1957 written by National Research The Division of Medical Sciences the National Heart Institute National Institutes of Health and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1958 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 5 written by Dorairaj Prabhakaran and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-17 with total page 948 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cardiovascular, respiratory, and related conditions cause more than 40 percent of all deaths globally, and their substantial burden is rising, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Their burden extends well beyond health effects to include significant economic and societal consequences. Most of these conditions are related, share risk factors, and have common control measures at the clinical, population, and policy levels. Lives can be extended and improved when these diseases are prevented, detected, and managed. This volume summarizes current knowledge and presents evidence-based interventions that are effective, cost-effective, and scalable in LMICs.

Download or read book Spectrophotometry of Haemoglobin Derivatives written by O. W. van Assendelft and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Guideline on haemoglobin cutoffs to define anaemia in individuals and populations written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2024-03-05 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Appropriate guidelines for measuring haemoglobin and defining anaemia are crucial for both clinical and public health medicine but require consideration of a range of complexities across different populations. The objective of this guideline is to provide updated, clear, evidence-informed normative statements on the use of haemoglobin concentrations to assess anaemia and on the best approaches in its measurement in individuals and populations. The purpose of the guideline is to improve the diagnosis of anaemia, grounded in gender, equity and human rights approaches, with the aim of leaving no one behind, thereby informing the development of nutrition and health policies. The normative statements in this guideline are intended for a wide audience, including policy-makers, their expert advisers, and technical and programme staff at ministries and organizations involved in the design, implementation, and scaling-up of actions for addressing anaemia. Other end-users of the guideline include nongovernmental and other organizations and professional societies involved in the planning and management of anaemia actions, as well as health professionals including clinicians, managers of nutrition and health programmes, national blood services, and public health policy-makers in all settings.

Download or read book Hemoglobin Disorders written by Ronald L. Nagel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-01 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hemoglobin and Hemoglobinologists This volume, Hemoglobin Disorders: Molecular Methods and Protocols, will be introduced with a review of the great milestones in the field, and the scientists responsible for those achievements. The history of hemoglobin can be divided into three periods: the Classical period, the Modern period, and the Post-Modern period. I am inclined to include as the four major members of the classical period Francis Roughton, Quentin Gibson, Jeffries Wyman, and Linus Pauling, not only because of their achievements, but also because of the superb scientists they trained and/or influenced. Francis John Worsely Roughton (1899–1972) (Fig. 1), in his laboratory at Trinity College in Cambridge, England, made the first measurements of the rapid reaction of oxygen with hemoglobin at the millisecond scale, at first by flow-mixing methods and later by flash photolysis. He not only opened an era of molecular research of hemoglobin, but also invented the methodology for fast reactions through the use of laser technology, which was later improved by others so that even faster reactions could be detected. Another contribution of Roughton was the education of Quentin H. Gibson (Fig. 2), his favorite s- dent, who, in his laboratory in Sheffield, continued to expand the horizon of ligand binding to hemoglobin, defining the oxygen binding constants for each of the hemes of hemoglobin. Though this did not, as expected, solve the und- lying mechanism of ligand cooperativity as discussed below, it was nonet- less an important milestone.

Download or read book Pocket Guide to Diagnostic Tests Sixth Edition written by Diana Nicoll and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2012-06-22 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A quick reference guide to the selection and interpretation of more than 450 commonly used diagnostic tests COVERS: Basic principles of diagnostic testing, common blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid laboratory tests, therapeutic drug monitoring, microbiologic test selection and interpretation and diagnostic imaging tests by body system , electrocardiography, and differential diagnosis tables & algorithms Tests used in internal medicine, pediatrics, surgery, neurology and obstetrics and gynecology INCLUDES: Costs and risks of diagnostic tests Evidence-based information Diseases associated with abnormal test results, including test sensitivities Full literature citations with PubMed (PMID) numbers included for each reference More than 24 NEW clinical laboratory test entries, 6 NEW differential diagnosis tables 5 NEW diagnostic algorithms NEW sections on point-of-care testing, provider-performed microscopy, pharmacogenetic testing, and diagnostic echocardiography

Download or read book The Thalassaemia Syndromes written by David J. Weatherall and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-30 with total page 864 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the new edition of this successful and authoritative book, the thalassaemias are reviewed in detail with respect to their clinical features, cellular pathology, molecular genetics, prevention and treatment. It is aimed at specialists in haematology in the laboratory or clinical setting, particularly in areas where thalassaemia is common either in the native population or in immigrant communities. The fourth edition has been both updated and re-organized. Three new chapters have been added on the link between alpha-thalassaemia and mental retardation, on avoidance and population control and on global epidemiology. Considerable emphasis is placed on molecular pathology reflecting the huge burst of information to have come out of this field in the last few years.

Download or read book Science Is Not A Quiet Life Unravelling The Atomic Mechanism Of Haemoglobin written by Max F Perutz and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1998-01-15 with total page 659 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Linus Pauling called haemoglobin the most interesting and important of molecules. This important volume shows how X-ray crystallography was used to determine its bewilderingly complex atomic structure and to unravel the stereochemical mechanisms of its respiratory functions. It introduces isomorphous replacement with heavy atoms which led to the first protein structures, haemoglobin and its simpler relative myoglobin. Later papers deal with the stereochemistry of the cooperative effects of haemoglobin, with the relationships between the structures and impaired functions of abnormal haemoglobin, with species adaptation of haemoglobin, and with its action as a drug receptor and as an oxygen sensor. The final papers deal with amino acid repeats which act as polar zippers and their role in certain inherited neurodegenerative diseases.