Download or read book The Complex Interplay Between Gut Brain Gut Liver and Liver Brain Axes written by Cristina Stasi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-04-06 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Complex Interplay Between Gut–Brain, Gut–Liver, and Liver–Brain Axes provides current and wide-ranging information in the field of gastrointestinal, liver, and brain interactions that can be used in resolving important clinical issues. This book is systematically split into three distinct sections. The first section introduces the pathophysiology of the gut–brain connection, including the causative effect of the interactions between the gut and brain in gastrointestinal and psychiatric/neurological disorders, and the role of serotonin and its pathways in gastrointestinal disorders. The second section examines the pathophysiology of the gut–liver connection along with the interactions between gut microbiota and liver in chronic liver diseases, with special focus on the role of serotonin and its pathways in hepatic fibrogenesis. Finally, the third section describes the pathophysiology of the liver–brain connection, including the role of gut microbiota in hepatic encephalopathy, as well as dietary and therapeutic interventions that target the gut microbiome. - Provides current and wide-ranging knowledge in the field of gastrointestinal, liver, and brain interactions - Resolves important clinical issues concerning gut, liver, and brain interactions - Demonstrates advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal and liver diseases

Download or read book Gut Liver Interactions Basic and Clinical Concepts written by R. Blumberg and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-08-29 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, the proceedings of the Falk Symposium No. 146 ‘Gut-Liver Interactions: Basic and Clinical Concepts’, held in Innsbruck, Austria, on March 11-12, 2005, brings together gastroenterologists and hepatologists both at a clinical and a basic scientific level. Topics have been structured in such a way to be of interest to both clinicians and basic scientists. The main focus of the book is to highlight the role of the immune system in gut and liver diseases and potential interactions of the gut and the liver respectively. Special emphasis is based on the importance of the gut flora in intestinal and also in liver diseases. The role of NOD2 is one of the very best examples demonstrating the importance, not only in inflammatory bowel diseases, but also diseases well beyond this barrier. Such intense interactions between gastroenterologists and hepatologists, as shown through this book, might boost and stimulate scientific ideas and research in other unexpected areas.

Download or read book The Liver written by Irwin M. Arias and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-03-09 with total page 1156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridging the gap between basic scientific advances and the understanding of liver disease — the extensively revised new edition of the premier text in the field. The latest edition of The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology remains a definitive volume in the field of hepatology, relating advances in biomedical sciences and engineering to understanding of liver structure, function, and disease pathology and treatment. Contributions from leading researchers examine the cell biology of the liver, the pathobiology of liver disease, the liver’s growth, regeneration, metabolic functions, and more. Now in its sixth edition, this classic text has been exhaustively revised to reflect new discoveries in biology and their influence on diagnosing, managing, and preventing liver disease. Seventy new chapters — including substantial original sections on liver cancer and groundbreaking advances that will have significant impact on hepatology — provide comprehensive, fully up-to-date coverage of both the current state and future direction of hepatology. Topics include liver RNA structure and function, gene editing, single-cell and single-molecule genomic analyses, the molecular biology of hepatitis, drug interactions and engineered drug design, and liver disease mechanisms and therapies. Edited by globally-recognized experts in the field, this authoritative volume: Relates molecular physiology to understanding disease pathology and treatment Links the science and pathology of the liver to practical clinical applications Features 16 new “Horizons” chapters that explore new and emerging science and technology Includes plentiful full-color illustrations and figures The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology, Sixth Edition is an indispensable resource for practicing and trainee hepatologists, gastroenterologists, hepatobiliary and liver transplant surgeons, and researchers and scientists in areas including hepatology, cell and molecular biology, virology, and drug metabolism.

Download or read book The Human Gut Liver Axis in Health and Disease written by Aleksander Krag and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-09 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book brings together the current knowledge and future perspectives of the complex physiology and pathophysiology of gut-liver interactions in health and disease. It provides readers with a unique overview and access to knowledge that cannot be obtained elsewhere. The structure is logical and covers all aspect including the normal physiology, changes in various liver diseases, technology, sample collection and various interventions. Thus suitable for general reading, lookup for specific questions or as a reference book within the area. The book allows the reader to access all the knowledge that has been generated within the last 10 years in this field.

Download or read book Gut Liver Interactions written by R. S. Blumberg and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Gut and the Liver written by H.E. Blum and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-02-28 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, the proceedings of Falk Symposium 100, `Gut and the Liver', held in Freiburg, Germany, 29-31 May 1997, comprehensively reviews the physiological and pathophysiological interactions between the intestine and the liver as well as between intestinal and hepatic diseases. Apart from the basic aspects of the intestinal microflora and the immune system of the gut, gastrointestinal permeability and translocation as well as the contribution of the intestine and the intestinal bacteria to the metabolism of bile acids, amino acids and drugs are discussed. In addition, experimental as well as clinical data demonstrating the significance of gut-derived bacterial toxins for the development of liver diseases and the effect of liver diseases on gastrointestinal functions are discussed. The major aim of this book, therefore, is to highlight the interactions between gut and liver at the molecular level as well as in clinical disease.

Download or read book Drug Induced Liver Injury written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-07-13 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Volume 85, the newest volume in the Advances in Pharmacology series, presents a variety of chapters from the best authors in the field. Chapters in this new release include Cell death mechanisms in DILI, Mitochondria in DILI, Primary hepatocytes and their cultures for the testing of drug-induced liver injury, MetaHeps an alternate approach to identify IDILI, Autophagy and DILI, Biomarkers and DILI, Regeneration and DILI, Drug-induced liver injury in obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Mechanisms of Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Liver Injury, the Evaluation and Treatment of Acetaminophen Toxicity, and much more. - Includes the authority and expertise of leading contributors in pharmacology - Presents the latest release in the Advances in Pharmacology series

Download or read book Gut liver Interactions written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Gut liver Interactions in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease written by Manon de Krijger and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Gut liver Interactions from IBD to NASH written by H. Tilg and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue is a dedicated supplement published in addition to the regular issues of 'Digestive Diseeases' focussing on one specific topic. 'Digestive Diseeases' is a well-respected, international peer-reviewed journal in gastroenterology. Supplement issues are included in the subscription.

Download or read book Obesity Fatty Liver and Liver Cancer written by Jun Yu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-28 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers a state-of-the-art illustration of recent discoveries concerning obesity-related fatty liver diseases and liver cancer. The contents are extensive and comprehensive. It brings important topics in the field all together under one umbrella, from epidemiology and etiology, molecular pathogenesis, cellular biology, epigenetics, immunology, microbiology, animal models to therapeutic approaches and treatments. All the book contributors are leading experts in the field. It will appeal to researchers, clinicians and graduate students in obesity, fatty liver diseases, GI/Liver cancer field. It may also yield benefits for pharmaceutical companies with regard to drug discovery.

Download or read book Bile Acids and Their Receptors written by Stefano Fiorucci and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-03 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focusses on the latest results related to the field of bile acids as signaling molecules and describes how these receptors have become a major pharmacological target. It covers all major areas of research in this field, from genetics, chemistry, in silico modeling, molecular biology to clinical applications, offering a cross-country view of the functional role of bile acids as signaling molecules, virtually acting on all major areas of metabolism. While FXR and GPBAR1 are essential bile acid sensors that integrate the de novo bile acid synthesis with intestinal microbiota and liver metabolism, in a broader sense, BARs play a pathogenic role in the development of common human alignments including liver, intestinal and metabolic disorders, such as steatosis (NAFLD) and steato-hepatitis (NASH), diabetes, obesity and atherosclerosis.

Download or read book Gut Liver Interactions Basic and Clinical Concepts written by R. Blumberg and published by . This book was released on 2005-11-15 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, the proceedings of the Falk Symposium No. 146 ‘Gut-Liver Interactions: Basic and Clinical Concepts’, held in Innsbruck, Austria, on March 11-12, 2005, brings together gastroenterologists and hepatologists both at a clinical and a basic scientific level. Topics have been structured in such a way to be of interest to both clinicians and basic scientists. The main focus of the book is to highlight the role of the immune system in gut and liver diseases and potential interactions of the gut and the liver respectively. Special emphasis is based on the importance of the gut flora in intestinal and also in liver diseases. The role of NOD2 is one of the very best examples demonstrating the importance, not only in inflammatory bowel diseases, but also diseases well beyond this barrier. Such intense interactions between gastroenterologists and hepatologists, as shown through this book, might boost and stimulate scientific ideas and research in other unexpected areas.

Download or read book Bugs as Drugs written by Robert A. Britton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-07-02 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examining the enormous potential of microbiome manipulation to improve health Associations between the composition of the intestinal microbiome and many human diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, and cancer, have been elegantly described in the past decade. Now, whole-genome sequencing, bioinformatics, and precision gene-editing techniques are being combined with centuries-old therapies, such as fecal microbiota transplantation, to translate current research into new diagnostics and therapeutics to treat complex diseases. Bugs as Drugs provides a much-needed overview of microbes in therapies and will serve as an excellent resource for scientists and clinicians as they carry out research and clinical studies on investigating the roles the microbiota plays in health and disease. In Bugs as Drugs, editors Robert A. Britton and Patrice D. Cani have assembled a fascinating collection of reviews that chart the history, current efforts, and future prospects of using microorganisms to fight disease and improve health. Sections cover traditional uses of probiotics, next-generation microbial therapeutics, controlling infectious diseases, and indirect strategies for manipulating the host microbiome. Topics presented include: How well-established probiotics support and improve host health by improving the composition of the intestinal microbiota of the host and by modulating the host immune response. The use of gene editing and recombinant DNA techniques to create tailored probiotics and to characterize next-generation beneficial microbes. For example, engineering that improves the anti-inflammatory profile of probiotics can reduce the number of colonic polyps formed, and lactobacilli can be transformed into targeted delivery systems carrying therapeutic proteins or bioengineered bacteriophage. The association of specific microbiota composition with colorectal cancer, liver diseases, osteoporosis, and inflammatory bowel disease. The gut microbiota has been proposed to serve as an organ involved in regulation of inflammation, immune function, and energy homeostasis. Fecal microbiota transplantation as a promising treatment for numerous diseases beyond C. difficile infection. Practical considerations for using fecal microbiota transplantation are provided, while it is acknowledged that more high-quality evidence is needed to ascertain the importance of strain specificity in positive treatment outcomes. Because systems biology approaches and synthetic engineering of microbes are now high-throughput and cost-effective, a much wider range of therapeutic possibilities can be explored and vetted.

Download or read book Liver Pathophysiology written by Pablo Muriel and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 917 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liver Pathophysiology: Therapies and Antioxidants is a complete volume on morphology, physiology, biochemistry, molecular biology and treatment of liver diseases. It uses an integral approach towards the role of free radicals in the pathogenesis of hepatic injury, and how their deleterious effects may be abrogated by the use of antioxidants. Written by the most prominent authors in the field, this book will be of use to basic and clinical scientists and clinicians working in the biological sciences, especially those dedicated to the study and treatment of liver pathologies. Presents the most recent advances in hepatology, with a special focus on the role of oxidative stress in liver injury. Provides in vivo and in vitro models to study human liver pathology. Explains the beneficial effects of antioxidants on liver diseases. Contains the most recent and modern treatments of hepatic pathologies, including, but not limited to, stem cells repopulation, gene therapy and liver transplantation.

Download or read book Investigation of Allicin on Gut Microbiota liver brain Interaction in Mice with Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease written by 裴尤德 and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Regulation of Hepatic Drug Metabolism by the Interaction of Host and Gut Microbiome derived Bile Acids and Hepatic LncRNAs written by Joseph Leo Dempsey and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liver is a critical organ for nutrient homeostasis and xenobiotic biotransformation. The gut microbiome regulates important host metabolic pathways in liver including xenobiotic metabolism and intermediary metabolism, such as the conversion of primary bile acids (BAs) into secondary BAs and is an important factor of healthy development. The nuclear receptors pregnane X receptor (PXR/NR1I2) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR/Nr1i3) are well-known regulators for xenobiotic metabolism and disposition in liver. However, little is known regarding the age specificity of secondary BA metabolism or other microbial metabolites and the potential effects of PXR and CAR on the composition and function of the gut microbiome. Additionally, altered expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) by environmental chemicals modulates the expression of xenobiotic metabolizing genes and transporters; yet little is known regarding how lncRNAs are regulated by PXR, affecting xenobiotic metabolism. Therefore, the goal of my dissertation was to use a multi-omics approach, including transcriptomics (RNA-seq), targeted metabolomics (UPLC-MS/MS for BAs and GC-MS/MS for short-chain fatty acids), targeted proteomics (LC-MS), and 16S rRNA gene sequencing as well as bioinformatics, to strategically investigate the modulation of hepatic xenobiotic metabolizing genes through gut microbiome-mediated, age-dependent, and transcriptional mechanisms. To achieve this goal, multi-omics analysis of various tissues were performed in male and female conventional (CV) and germ-free (GF) mice at various ages: postnatal days 1, 5, 10, 15, 25, 60, and 120. With increasing age, the gut microbiome in mice become more diverse and had increased functional capacity to produce secondary BAs, including the family S24-7. Twenty-seven bacteria were positively associated with secondary unconjugated, deoxy, and keto BAs with nine of these BAs only produced in CV mice. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were found in livers of CV mice only with six SCFAs increasing with age. Global analysis of hepatic RNA expression showed an age-specific enrichment of KEGG pathways, including xenobiotic metabolism for adult CV and GF mice. Differentially expressed drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters exhibited age and sex specific expression patters with more genes differentially expressed with increasing age. Overall, the age-specific gut microbiome impacts host xenobiotic metabolism likely through circulation of metabolites (e.g. BAs and SCFAs). Inversely, to test how the liver (specifically PXR and CAR) regulates gut microbiota and secondary BA synthesis, nine-week-old male CV and GF mice were orally gavaged with corn oil, PXR agonist pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile (PCN; 75 mg/kg), or CAR agonist 1,4-bis-[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene, 3,3' ,5,5' -tetrachloro-1,4 bis(pyridyloxy)benzene (TCPOBOP; 3 mg/kg) once daily for four days. PCN and TCPOBOP decreased two taxa in the Bifidobacterium genus, which corresponded with decreased gene abundance of the BA-deconjugating enzyme bile salt hydrolase (bsh). In liver and small intestinal content of GF mice, there was a TCPOBOP-mediated increase in total, primary, and conjugated BAs corresponding with increased Cyp7a1 mRNA. Bacteria from the genera Bifidobacterium, Dorea, Peptociccaceae, Anaeroplasma, and Ruminococcus positively correlated with T-UDCA in LIC, but negatively correlated with T-CDCA in serum. Therefore, PXR and CAR activation down-regulates BA-metabolizing bacteria in the intestine and modulates BA homeostasis in a gut microbiota-dependent manner. To understand how lncRNAs may impact hepatic xenobiotic metabolism, RNA-Seq was performed from livers of adult male C57BL/6 mice treated with corn oil, the PXR agonist PCN, or the CAR agonist TCPOBOP. PXR activation differentially regulated 193 lncRNAs with 40% also regulated by CAR. Among differentially expressed lncRNAs, the lncRNA-PCG pairs displayed a high co-regulatory pattern by PXR and CAR activation. Combining the RNA-Seq data with a published PXR ChIP-Seq dataset (Cui et al., 2010b), 774 expressed lncRNAs with direct PXR-DNA binding sites, and 26.8% of differentially expressed lncRNAs had changes in PXR-DNA binding following PCN exposure. Therefore, some lncRNAs are regulated by PXR and CAR activation and that they may be important regulators of xenobiotic metabolism. Taken together, there is an age-dependent interaction in the gut-liver axis that exhibits a circulatory patter such that BA homeostasis is both governed by both the gut microbiome and the host liver, with modifications to either biocompartment impacting the other biocompartment. Targeting the gut-liver axis and lncRNAs may lead to the design of novel therapies alleviated toxicities through control of hepatic xenobiotic metabolism.