Download or read book Gully Erosion Assessment and Prediction on Non agricultural Lands Using Logistic Regression written by Katie Handley and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gully erosion is a serious problem on military training lands resulting in not only soil erosion and environmental degradation, but also increased soldier injuries and equipment damage. Assessment of gully erosion occurring on Fort Riley was conducted in order to evaluate different gully location methods and to develop a gully prediction model based on logistic regression. Of the 360 sites visited, fifty two gullies were identified with the majority found using LiDAR based data. Logistic regression model was developed using topographic, landuse/landcover, and soil variables. Tests for multicollinearity were used to reduce the input variables such that each model input had a unique effect on the model output. The logistic regression determined that available water content was one of the most important factors affecting the formation of gullies. Additional important factors included particle size classification, runoff class, erosion class, and drainage class. Of the 1577 watersheds evaluated for the Fort Riley area, 192 watersheds were predicted to have gullies. Model accuracy was approximately 79% with an error of omission or false positive value of 10% and an error of commission or false negative value of 11%; which is a large improvement compared to previous methods used to locate gully erosion.

Download or read book Soil Erosion in Europe written by John Boardman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-01-11 with total page 878 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a unique and comprehensive assessment of soil erosion throughout Europe, an important aspect to control and manage if landscapes are to be sustained for the future. Written in two parts, Soil Erosion in Europe primarily focuses on current issues, area specific soil erosion rates, on and off-site impacts, government responses, soil conservation measures, and soil erosion risk maps. The first part overviews the erosion processes and the problems encountered within each European country, whilst the second section takes a cross-cutting theme approach. Based on an EU-funded project that has been running for four years with erosion scientists from 19 countries Reviews contemporary erosion processes and rates on arable and rangeland in Europe Looks at current issues, such as socio-economic drivers, controlling factors specific to the country and changes in land use

Download or read book Gully Erosion Assessment and Growth Prediction on Military Training Lands written by Chelsea Rose Corkins and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Military maneuvers result in significant physical and environmental impacts to the landscape. These impacts generally result in a loss of vegetative cover and increased watershed runoff and rate depending on vehicle speed, turning radius, and soil moisture content. Unless adequately monitored or mitigated, this increased runoff can lead to excessive soil erosion and gully formation. Past studies have revealed that these gullies can impact water quality from excessive erosion and create concerns regarding soldier safety. In order to better understand how gullies form and evolve overtime on military installations, a study is being conducted at Fort Riley, KS. In 2010, approximately forty gullies were identified, assessed, and measured using common erosion monitoring and surveying techniques. These gully locations, and any newly formed gullies, were remeasured using these same methods in 2012 to determine the rate of growth for each site with respect to width, depth, and headcut. Of fifty-nine gullies total, twenty one were initially included in this study. Upon further analysis including the utilization of watershed characteristics and land management techniques, eleven of the 21 utilized gullies were deemed appropriate to include in predictive assessment, as these eleven systems exhibited singular headcut migration. Multiple Regression Analysis was utilized to produce predictive equations for Headcut Growth. This equation [Headcut Growth = 0.666 + 0.137(Watershed Slope) -- 0.478(Training Intensity) + 0.757(log[Watershed Area]) -- 0.278(Drainage Density) -- 0.0138(Above Ground Biomass Change) + 0.187(Burning Frequency] resulted in a model relationship of approximately 90%, with Watershed Slope being the most significant variable when an output Headcut Growth was reached.

Download or read book Gully Erosion Studies from India and Surrounding Regions written by Pravat Kumar Shit and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers the scientific basis for the ample evaluation of badland management in India and some surrounding regions. It examines the processes operating in the headwaters and main channels of ephemeral rivers in lateritic environments of India. In particular, the book covers a range of vital topics in the areas of gully erosion and water to soil erosion at lateritic uplands regions of India and other regions in Asia. It explores the probable gully erosion modeling through Remote Sensing & GIS Techniques. It is divided into three units. Unit I deals with the introduction of badland, types of badland and the process of badland formation. Unit II is devoted to a description of quantitative measurements. Unit III deals with the control and management processes related to various issues from different regions. As such this book serves as a reference book for research activities in this area. It is an efficient guide for aspiring researchers in applied geography, explaining advanced techniques to help students recognize both simple and complex concepts.

Download or read book Spatial Modeling in GIS and R for Earth and Environmental Sciences written by Hamid Reza Pourghasemi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-01-18 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spatial Modeling in GIS and R for Earth and Environmental Sciences offers an integrated approach to spatial modelling using both GIS and R. Given the importance of Geographical Information Systems and geostatistics across a variety of applications in Earth and Environmental Science, a clear link between GIS and open source software is essential for the study of spatial objects or phenomena that occur in the real world and facilitate problem-solving. Organized into clear sections on applications and using case studies, the book helps researchers to more quickly understand GIS data and formulate more complex conclusions. The book is the first reference to provide methods and applications for combining the use of R and GIS in modeling spatial processes. It is an essential tool for students and researchers in earth and environmental science, especially those looking to better utilize GIS and spatial modeling. Offers a clear, interdisciplinary guide to serve researchers in a variety of fields, including hazards, land surveying, remote sensing, cartography, geophysics, geology, natural resources, environment and geography Provides an overview, methods and case studies for each application Expresses concepts and methods at an appropriate level for both students and new users to learn by example

Download or read book Modelling Soil Erosion by Water written by John Boardman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TO THE MODEL EVALUATION 1. MODELLING SOIL EROSION BY WATER l 2 John Boardman and David Favis-Mortlock 1 School of Geography and Environmental Change Unit Mansfield Road University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TB UK 2 Environmental Change Unit University of Oxford 5 South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3UB UK Introduction This volume is the Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop 'Global Change: Modelling Soil Erosion by Water', which was held on II-14th September 1995, at the University of Oxford, UK. The meeting was also one of a series organised by the IGBP 1 GCTE Soil Erosion Network, which is a component of GCTE's Land Degradation Task (3.3.2) (Ingram et aI., 1996; Valentin, this volume). One aim of the GCTE Soil Erosion Network is to evaluate the suitability of existing soil erosion models for predicting the possible impacts of global change upon soil erosion. Due to the wide range of erosion models currently, in use or under development, it was decided to evaluate models in the following sequence Favis-Mortlock et al., 1996): • field-scale water erosion models • catchmenr-scale water erosion models • wind erosion models • models with a landscape-scale and larger focus. As part of this strategy, the first stage of the GCTE validation of field-scale erosion models was carried out at the Oxford NATO-ARW. I A list of Acronyms fonns Appendix A.

Download or read book Dryland Rivers written by L. J. Bull and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2002-03-22 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the processes operating in the headwaters and main channels of ephemeral rivers in semi-arid environments and includes coverage of current fieldwork investigations, modeling approaches, and management issues. focuses on dryland channel networks and processes presents a historical framework for research discusses examples of current studies and evaluates contemporary modelling approaches Emphasis is on the Mediterranean region, with comparisons to other dryland regimes eg California, Australia, Chile.

Download or read book Assessment of Ephemeral Gully Erosion Using Topographic and Hydrologically Based Models in Central Kansas written by Lawrence Sekaluvu and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global requirements for food and agricultural products have increased enormously in recent years mainly due to increase in global population. More land is brought under human development and cultivation including marginal lands that are susceptible to degradation processes of erosion, waterlogging, and depletion of organic matter. The resulting effects include; deprivation of the roles performed by the environment, high costs of water treatment, and sedimentation of water reservoirs. This study aims at assessment of ephemeral gully (EG) erosion using topographic and hydrologically based models in two paired watersheds in Central Kansas. The effects of best management practices (BMPs) implementation on EG formation, and erosion rates within the watershed are discussed. The topographic index (TI) models used include: slope area model (SA), compound topographic index model (CTI), wetness topographic index model (WTI), slope area power (SA2), kinematic wave model (nLS), and modified kinematic wave model (nLSCSS). EGs predicted by each model threshold were compared with observed EGs obtained through digitization and field reconnaissance. The agreement of thresholds obtained from location and length approaches were compared by means of drainage density concept. Statistical analysis was performed by error matrix for EG location analysis, and root mean square error (RMSE) and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) for EG length analysis. A TIN-based real-time integrated basin simulator (tRIBS) model, a physically-based, distributed hydrological model was coupled with an EG erosion component (Foster and Lane model) to estimate the erosion rates, and effect of installation of BMPs on reduction of EG erosion rates from agricultural fields. The results indicated that TI models could predict EG location with a maximum total accuracy of 70%. The effectiveness of TI models at prediction of EGs is affected by watershed features such as installed structural best management practices, roads, and culverts. The CTI model outperformed all the TI models at prediction of EGs with maximum Kappa and NSE values of 0.32 and 0.55 respectively, and a minimum RMSE value of 0.087 m. Structural BMPs are effective at controlling erosion from croplands, however, the effectiveness of structural BMPs at reduction of sediment loadings from EGs vary depending on surface cover, and BMP geometry.

Download or read book Treatise on Geomorphology written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-02-27 with total page 6392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The changing focus and approach of geomorphic research suggests that the time is opportune for a summary of the state of discipline. The number of peer-reviewed papers published in geomorphic journals has grown steadily for more than two decades and, more importantly, the diversity of authors with respect to geographic location and disciplinary background (geography, geology, ecology, civil engineering, computer science, geographic information science, and others) has expanded dramatically. As more good minds are drawn to geomorphology, and the breadth of the peer-reviewed literature grows, an effective summary of contemporary geomorphic knowledge becomes increasingly difficult. The fourteen volumes of this Treatise on Geomorphology will provide an important reference for users from undergraduate students looking for term paper topics, to graduate students starting a literature review for their thesis work, and professionals seeking a concise summary of a particular topic. Information on the historical development of diverse topics within geomorphology provides context for ongoing research; discussion of research strategies, equipment, and field methods, laboratory experiments, and numerical simulations reflect the multiple approaches to understanding Earth’s surfaces; and summaries of outstanding research questions highlight future challenges and suggest productive new avenues for research. Our future ability to adapt to geomorphic changes in the critical zone very much hinges upon how well landform scientists comprehend the dynamics of Earth’s diverse surfaces. This Treatise on Geomorphology provides a useful synthesis of the state of the discipline, as well as highlighting productive research directions, that Educators and students/researchers will find useful. Geomorphology has advanced greatly in the last 10 years to become a very interdisciplinary field. Undergraduate students looking for term paper topics, to graduate students starting a literature review for their thesis work, and professionals seeking a concise summary of a particular topic will find the answers they need in this broad reference work which has been designed and written to accommodate their diverse backgrounds and levels of understanding Editor-in-Chief, Prof. J. F. Shroder of the University of Nebraska at Omaha, is past president of the QG&G section of the Geological Society of America and present Trustee of the GSA Foundation, while being well respected in the geomorphology research community and having won numerous awards in the field. A host of noted international geomorphologists have contributed state-of-the-art chapters to the work. Readers can be guaranteed that every chapter in this extensive work has been critically reviewed for consistency and accuracy by the World expert Volume Editors and by the Editor-in-Chief himself No other reference work exists in the area of Geomorphology that offers the breadth and depth of information contained in this 14-volume masterpiece. From the foundations and history of geomorphology through to geomorphological innovations and computer modelling, and the past and future states of landform science, no "stone" has been left unturned!

Download or read book Predicting Soil Erosion by Water written by Kenneth G. Renard and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction and history; Rainfall-runoff erosivity factor (R); Soil erodibility factor (K); Slope length and steepness factors (LS); Cover-management factor (C); Support practice factor (P); RUSLE user guide; Coversion to SI metric system; Calculation of EI from recording-raingage records; Estimating random roughness in the field; Parameter values for major agricultural crops and tillage operations.

Download or read book Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses written by Walter H. Wischmeier and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) enables planners to predict the average rate of soil erosion for each feasible alternative combination of crop system and management practices in association with a specified soil type, rainfall pattern, and topography. When these predicted losses are compared with given soil loss tolerances, they provide specific guidelines for effecting erosion control within specified limits. The equation groups the numerous interrelated physical and management parameters that influence erosion rate under six major factors whose site-specific values can be expressed numerically. A half century of erosion research in many States has supplied information from which at least approximate values of the USLE factors can be obtained for specified farm fields or other small erosion prone areas throughout the United States. Tables and charts presented in this handbook make this information readily available for field use. Significant limitations in the available data are identified.

Download or read book Nature Inspired Optimizers written by Seyedali Mirjalili and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-01 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the conventional and most recent theories and applications in the area of evolutionary algorithms, swarm intelligence, and meta-heuristics. Each chapter offers a comprehensive description of a specific algorithm, from the mathematical model to its practical application. Different kind of optimization problems are solved in this book, including those related to path planning, image processing, hand gesture detection, among others. All in all, the book offers a tutorial on how to design, adapt, and evaluate evolutionary algorithms. Source codes for most of the proposed techniques have been included as supplementary materials on a dedicated webpage.

Download or read book Natural Hazards GIS Based Spatial Modeling Using Data Mining Techniques written by Hamid Reza Pourghasemi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-13 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume assesses capabilities of data mining algorithms for spatial modeling of natural hazards in different countries based on a collection of essays written by experts in the field. The book is organized on different hazards including landslides, flood, forest fire, land subsidence, earthquake, and gully erosion. Chapters were peer-reviewed by recognized scholars in the field of natural hazards research. Each chapter provides an overview on the topic, methods applied, and discusses examples used. The concepts and methods are explained at a level that allows undergraduates to understand and other readers learn through examples. This edited volume is shaped and structured to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of all covered topics. It serves as a reference for researchers from different fields including land surveying, remote sensing, cartography, GIS, geophysics, geology, natural resources, and geography. It also serves as a guide for researchers, students, organizations, and decision makers active in land use planning and hazard management.

Download or read book Handbook of Erosion Modelling written by R. P. C. Morgan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-04-13 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The movement of sediment and associated pollutants over thelandscape and into water bodies is of increasing concern withrespect to pollution control, prevention of muddy floods andenvironmental protection. In addition, the loss of soil on site hasimplications for declining agricultural productivity, loss ofbiodiversity and decreased amenity and landscape value. The fate ofsediment and the conservation of soil are important issues for landmanagers and decision-makers. In developing appropriate policiesand solutions, managers and researchers are making greater use oferosion models to characterise the processes of erosion and theirinteraction with the landscape. A study of erosion requires one to think in terms ofmicroseconds to understand the mechanics of impact of a singleraindrop on a soil surface, while landscapes form over periods ofthousands of years. These processes operate on scales ofmillimetres for single raindrops to mega-metres for continents.Erosion modelling thus covers quite a lot of ground. This bookintroduces the conceptual and mathematical frameworks used toformulate models of soil erosion and uses case studies to show howmodels are applied to a variety of purposes at a range of spatialand temporal scales. The aim is to provide land managers and otherswith the tools required to select a model appropriate to the typeand scale of erosion problem, to show what users can expect interms of accuracy of model predictions and to provide anappreciation of both the advantages and limitations of models.Problems covered include those arising from agriculture, theconstruction industry, pollution and climatic change and range inscale from farms to small and large catchments. The book will alsobe useful to students and research scientists as an up-to-datereview of the state-of-art of erosion modelling and, through aknowledge of how models are used in practice, in highlighting thegaps in knowledge that need to be filled in order to develop evenbetter models.

Download or read book Resampling Methods for Dependent Data written by S. N. Lahiri and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By giving a detailed account of bootstrap methods and their properties for dependent data, this book provides illustrative numerical examples throughout. The book fills a gap in the literature covering research on re-sampling methods for dependent data that has witnessed vigorous growth over the last two decades but remains scattered in various statistics and econometrics journals. It can be used as a graduate level text and also as a research monograph for statisticians and econometricians.

Download or read book Landslides Theory Practice and Modelling written by S.P. Pradhan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-28 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, with contributions from international landslide experts, presents in-depth knowledge of theories, practices, and modern numerical techniques for landslide analysis. Landslides are a reoccurring problem across the world and need to be properly studied for their mitigation and control. Due to increased natural and anthropogenic activities, chances of landslide occurrence and associated hazards have increased. The book focuses on landslide dynamics, mechanisms and processes along with hazard mitigation using geo-engineering, structural, geophysical and numerical tools. The book contains a wealth of the latest information on all aspects of theory, practices and modelling tools and techniques involved in prediction, prevention, monitoring, mitigation and risk analysis of landslide hazards. This book will bring the reader up to date on the latest trends in landslide studies and will help planners, engineers, scientists and researchers working on landslide engineering.

Download or read book Ephemeral Gully Location Prediction and Erosion Susceptibility Modeling Using GIS Techniques written by Trupti Lakhkar and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ephemeral gullies (EGs) are a major source of sediment transport from agricultural land. We need to be able to locate EGs in order to identify erosion susceptibility and to assess sediment loads from agricultural fields. The main goal of this study is to predict EG location and erosion susceptibility in agricultural fields in the Palouse river watershed. I evaluated four topographic index (TI) models to predict EG locations: Slope Area [SA], Compound Topographic Index [CTI], Soil Wetness Index [SWI] and Topographic Wetness Index [TWI], by applying the threshold concept (T values), which specifies the location or pixel in watersheds where gullies develop. Model predicted EGs location were compared with observed EG locations by using visual interpretations and error matrix analysis. I investigated EG erosion susceptibility based on predisposing factors related to topography, hydrology, and soils by applying a weights of evidence (WOE) bivariate statistical model. In total, 372 EGs were mapped and separated into a training set (70%) and a validation set (30%). The chi-square conditional independence test among the factors resulted in 12 test susceptibility models of independent predisposing factors. TWI and SA models predicted EG locations better than the CTI and SWI models. The 10m DEM predicted EG locations better than the 30m DEM. The TI models better predicted EG locations and areas with runoff generation resulting in the significance of slope and drainage area relationships in the landscape. The WOE modeling improved understanding of EG erosion risk areas and can be beneficial to conservation planners and landowners to minimize future erosion losses with the use of best management practices to keep our soil healthy and the land more fertile. This study has provided important insights in identifying the role of factors contributing to EG erosion in the study watersheds such as gentle slopes, high precipitation amount, proximity of fields to roads and streams, Palouse and Thatuna silt loam soils, high elevation areas and, most significantly, agricultural land. Overall, results from this study compare well with similar EG studies and should be useful for understanding gully erosion in hilly terrain