Download or read book The Functional Interpretation of Logical Deduction written by Ruy J. G. B. de Queiroz and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive book provides an adequate framework to establish various calculi of logical inference. Being an ?enriched? system of natural deduction, it helps to formulate logical calculi in an operational manner. By uncovering a certain harmony between a functional calculus on the labels and a logical calculus on the formulas, it allows mathematical foundations for systems of logic presentation designed to handle meta-level features at the object-level via a labelling mechanism, such as the D Gabbay's Labelled Deductive Systems. The book truly demonstrates that introducing ?labels? is useful to understand the proof-calculus itself, and also to clarify its connections with model-theoretic interpretations.
Download or read book Logic s Lost Genius written by Eckart Menzler-Trott and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gerhard Gentzen (1909-1945) is the founder of modern structural proof theory. His lasting methods, rules, and structures resulted not only in the technical mathematical discipline called ''proof theory'' but also in verification programs that are essential in computer science. The appearance, clarity, and elegance of Gentzen's work on natural deduction, the sequent calculus, and ordinal proof theory continue to be impressive even today. The present book gives the first comprehensive, detailed, accurate scientific biography expounding the life and work of Gerhard Gentzen, one of our greatest logicians, until his arrest and death in Prague in 1945. Particular emphasis in the book is put on the conditions of scientific research, in this case mathematical logic, in National Socialist Germany, the ideological fight for ''German logic'', and their mutual protagonists. Numerous hitherto unpublished sources, family documents, archival material, interviews, and letters, as well as Gentzen's lectures for the mathematical public, make this book an indispensable source of information on this important mathematician, his work, and his time. The volume is completed by two deep substantial essays by Jan von Plato and Craig Smorynski on Gentzen's proof theory; its relation to the ideas of Hilbert, Brouwer, Weyl, and Godel; and its development up to the present day. Smorynski explains the Hilbert program in more than the usual slogan form and shows why consistency is important. Von Plato shows in detail the benefits of Gentzen's program. This important book is a self-contained starting point for any work on Gentzen and his logic. The book is accessible to a wide audience with different backgrounds and is suitable for general readers, researchers, students, and teachers. Information for our distributors: Co-published with the London Mathematical Society beginning with Volume 4. Members of the LMS may order directly from the AMS at the AMS member price. The LMS is registered with the Charity Commissioners.
Download or read book Ernst Zermelo written by Heinz-Dieter Ebbinghaus and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-10-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This biography attempts to shed light on all facets of Zermelo's life and achievements. Personal and scientific aspects are kept separate as far as coherence allows, in order to enable the reader to follow the one or the other of these threads. The presentation of his work explores motivations, aims, acceptance, and influence. Selected proofs and information gleaned from unpublished notes and letters add to the analysis.
Download or read book Paper Machines written by Markus Krajewski and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2011-08-19 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why the card catalog—a “paper machine” with rearrangeable elements—can be regarded as a precursor of the computer. Today on almost every desk in every office sits a computer. Eighty years ago, desktops were equipped with a nonelectronic data processing machine: a card file. In Paper Machines, Markus Krajewski traces the evolution of this proto-computer of rearrangeable parts (file cards) that became ubiquitous in offices between the world wars. The story begins with Konrad Gessner, a sixteenth-century Swiss polymath who described a new method of processing data: to cut up a sheet of handwritten notes into slips of paper, with one fact or topic per slip, and arrange as desired. In the late eighteenth century, the card catalog became the librarian's answer to the threat of information overload. Then, at the turn of the twentieth century, business adopted the technology of the card catalog as a bookkeeping tool. Krajewski explores this conceptual development and casts the card file as a “universal paper machine” that accomplishes the basic operations of Turing's universal discrete machine: storing, processing, and transferring data. In telling his story, Krajewski takes the reader on a number of illuminating detours, telling us, for example, that the card catalog and the numbered street address emerged at the same time in the same city (Vienna), and that Harvard University's home-grown cataloging system grew out of a librarian's laziness; and that Melvil Dewey (originator of the Dewey Decimal System) helped bring about the technology transfer of card files to business.
Download or read book A History of Political Economy written by John Kells Ingram and published by . This book was released on 1888 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Computability written by B. Jack Copeland and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2013-06-07 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computer scientists, mathematicians, and philosophers discuss the conceptual foundations of the notion of computability as well as recent theoretical developments. In the 1930s a series of seminal works published by Alan Turing, Kurt Gödel, Alonzo Church, and others established the theoretical basis for computability. This work, advancing precise characterizations of effective, algorithmic computability, was the culmination of intensive investigations into the foundations of mathematics. In the decades since, the theory of computability has moved to the center of discussions in philosophy, computer science, and cognitive science. In this volume, distinguished computer scientists, mathematicians, logicians, and philosophers consider the conceptual foundations of computability in light of our modern understanding.Some chapters focus on the pioneering work by Turing, Gödel, and Church, including the Church-Turing thesis and Gödel's response to Church's and Turing's proposals. Other chapters cover more recent technical developments, including computability over the reals, Gödel's influence on mathematical logic and on recursion theory and the impact of work by Turing and Emil Post on our theoretical understanding of online and interactive computing; and others relate computability and complexity to issues in the philosophy of mind, the philosophy of science, and the philosophy of mathematics.ContributorsScott Aaronson, Dorit Aharonov, B. Jack Copeland, Martin Davis, Solomon Feferman, Saul Kripke, Carl J. Posy, Hilary Putnam, Oron Shagrir, Stewart Shapiro, Wilfried Sieg, Robert I. Soare, Umesh V. Vazirani
Download or read book Catalogue of Risks written by Dirk Proske and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-07-24 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the German edition of this book, the topic of risk has experienced even greater attention, not only in the world of science but also in other fields, such as economics and politics. Therefore, many new publications have evolved. To keep with the idea of an encyclopedia for the topic of risk, this book has been completely reworked. Not only are many updated examples included in chapter “Risks and disasters” but also new chapters have been introduced, such as the chapter “Indetermination and risk”. This new chapter was developed since the question “Is it possible for risks to be completely eliminated, and if not why?” has become a major point of c- cern. Therefore, especially in this chapter, the focus of the book has - tended from a simple mathematical or engineering point of view to include much broader concepts. Here, not only aspects of system theory have to be considered, but also some general philosophical questions start to inf- ence the considerations of the topic of risk. The main goal of this edition, however, is not only the extension and revision of the book, but also the translation into the English language to allow more readers access to the ideas of the book. The author deeply hopes that the success the book made in the German edition continues and that readers experience a major gain from reading the book.
Download or read book Kinanthropometry and Exercise Physiology Laboratory Manual written by Roger Eston and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kinanthropometrics is the study of the human body size and somatotypes and their quantitative relationships with exercise and nutrition. This is the second edition of a successful text on the subject.
Download or read book Gender Health and Ageing written by Prof. Dr. Gertrud Backes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-05-07 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The different research fields – gerontology, gender and health – have generated different views, knowledge and foci on ageing, health and gender. It is now necessary to integrate these aspects into research, policy and practice. The objective of this book is to provide an overview of gender, health and ageing. Important theoretical concepts, such as life course and "Lebenslagen" in old age, or differences in men's health, are introduced. It is increasingly important to build a European basis of knowledge, to conduct discussions on European research findings, and to develop European research frameworks. In this volume, central theoretical debates on gender impacts on life course and old-age health, and vital issues of health research in the context of gender and old age are introduced. Specific aspects, such as the impact of gender and age on cardiovascular health, elder abuse and mental health, or care between gender relations, gender roles and gender constructs, are pointed out. Special attention is given to the impact of social, political and economic change in different New EU Member States, like Hungary, Poland and Slovenia.
Download or read book Spatial and Temporal Reasoning written by O. Stock and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-07-27 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Qualitative reasoning about space and time - a reasoning at the human level - promises to become a fundamental aspect of future systems that will accompany us in daily activity. The aim of Spatial and Temporal Reasoning is to give a picture of current research in this area focusing on both representational and computational issues. The picture emphasizes some major lines of development in this multifaceted, constantly growing area. The material in the book also shows some common ground and a novel combination of spatial and temporal aspects of qualitative reasoning. Part I presents the overall scene. The chapter by Laure Vieu is on the state of the art in spatial representation and reasoning, and that by Alfonso Gerevini gives a similar survey on research in temporal reasoning. The specific contributions to these areas are then grouped in the two main parts. In Part II, Roberto Casati and Achille Varzi examine the ontological status of spatial entities; Anthony Cohn, Brandon Bennett, John Gooday, and Nicholas Gotts present a detailed theory of reasoning with qualitative relations about regions; Andrew Frank discusses the spatial needs of geographical information systems; and Annette Herskovits focuses on the linguistic expression of spatial relations. In Part III, James Allen and George Ferguson describe an interval temporal logic for the representation of actions and events; Drew McDermott presents an efficient way of predicting the outcome of plan execution; and Erik Sandewall introduces a semantics based on transitions for assessing theories of action and change. In Part IV, Antony Galton's chapter stands clearly between the two areas of space and time and outlines the main coordinates of an integrated approach.
Download or read book Gender in Science and Technology written by Waltraud Ernst and published by transcript Verlag. This book was released on 2014-04-30 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What role does gender play in scientific research and the development of technologies? This book provides methodological expertise, research experiences and empirical findings in the dynamic field of Science and Technology Studies. The authors, coming from computer science, social sciences, or cultural studies of science, discuss how to ask questions about gender and give examples for the application in interdisciplinary research, development and teaching. Topics range from the design of information and communication technologies, epistemologies of biology and chemistry to teaching mathematics and professional processes in engineering. Contributions by Anne Balsamo, Wendy Faulkner, Rebecca Jordan-Young, Barbara Orland, Els Rommes, and others.
Download or read book Breaking Down Anonymity written by Dennis Broeders and published by Amsterdam University Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using the tools developed in the burgeoning field of migration surveillance, this book insightfully explores the problem of the 'internal' control of irregular migration in Europe.
Download or read book Handbook of Proof Theory written by S.R. Buss and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1998-07-09 with total page 823 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains articles covering a broad spectrum of proof theory, with an emphasis on its mathematical aspects. The articles should not only be interesting to specialists of proof theory, but should also be accessible to a diverse audience, including logicians, mathematicians, computer scientists and philosophers. Many of the central topics of proof theory have been included in a self-contained expository of articles, covered in great detail and depth.The chapters are arranged so that the two introductory articles come first; these are then followed by articles from core classical areas of proof theory; the handbook concludes with articles that deal with topics closely related to computer science.
Download or read book European Regions written by Elisabeth Donat and published by transcript Verlag. This book was released on 2020-09-30 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the beginning of the 21st century, the EU is facing deep political, social, and economic changes. The benefit of supranational organization is no longer obvious to European citizens and questions of legitimacy have accompanied the EU's development over the last decades. Regions - albeit often deemed »obsolete« - present themselves as stable and reliable partners in this turbulent environment: in being important objects of identification to their citizens, but also relevant political and legal entities in the EU's multilevel governance system. This edited volume asks about the role of regions and regional identity in a European Union that is perhaps struggling more than ever about its future.
Download or read book Kant s Philosophy of the Unconscious written by Piero Giordanetti and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2012-04-26 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The unconscious raises relevant problems in the theory of knowledge as regards non-conceptual contents and obscure representations. In the philosophy of mind, it bears on the topic of the unity of consciousness and the notion of the transcendental Self. It is a key-topic of logic with respect to the distinction between determinate-indeterminate judgments and prejudices, and in aesthetics it appears in connection with the problems of reflective judgments and of the genius. Finally, it is a relevant issue also in moral philosophy in defining the irrational aspects of the human being. The purpose of the present volume is to fill a substantial gap in Kant research while offering a comprehensive survey of the topic in different areas of research, such as history of philosophy, philosophy of mind, aesthetics, moral philosophy, and anthropology.
Download or read book Scottish Common Sense in Germany 1768 1800 written by Manfred Kuehn and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 2004-03-15 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proponents of Scottish common-sense philosophy, especially Thomas Reid, James Oswald, and James Beattie, had substantial influence on late enlightenment German philosophy. Kuehn explores the nature and extent of that influence.
Download or read book Perspectives and Theories of Social Innovation for Ageing Population written by Andrzej Klimczuk and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-03-25 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
