Download or read book Growth of Heteroepitaxial Single Crystal Lead Magnesium Niobate lead Titanate Thin Films on R plane Sapphire Substrates written by Madhana Sunder and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Growth of Lead Magnesium Niobate lead Titanate Single Crystals by Seeded Polycrystal Conversion written by Adam Matthew Scotch and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Relaxor-based ferroelectric single crystals of Pb(Mg1/3Nb 2/3)O3-PbTiO3 [PMN-PT] have been produced via the Seeded Polycrystal Conversion [SPC] technique. Polycrystalline precursors of PMN-PT are converted to single crystals by inducing the boundary of a seed crystal to migrate through a polycrystalline matrix. The quality of PMN-PT single crystals grown by SPC is directly influenced by the microstructure of the polycrystalline precursor. The goal of this work was to examine the factors that controlled the final microstructure of the matrix and grown single crystals and to characterize their effects on properties.

Download or read book Heteroepitaxial Growth of Pt and Au Thin Films on MgO Single Crystals by Bias assisted Sputtering written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The crystallographic orientation of a metal affects its surface energy and structure, and has profound implications for surface chemical reactions and interface engineering, which are important in areas ranging from optoelectronic device fabrication to catalysis. However, it can be very difficult and expensive to manufacture, orient, and cut single crystal metals along different crystallographic orientations, especially in the case of precious metals. One approach is to grow thin metal films epitaxially on dielectric substrates. In this work, we report on growth of Pt and Au films on MgO single crystal substrates of (100) and (110) surface orientation for use as epitaxial templates for thin film photovoltaic devices. We develop bias-assisted sputtering for deposition of oriented Pt and Au films with sub-nanometer roughness. We show that biasing the substrate decreases the substrate temperature necessary to achieve epitaxial orientation, with temperature reduction from 600 to 350 °C for Au, and from 750 to 550 °C for Pt, without use of transition metal seed layers. Additionally, this temperature can be further reduced by reducing the growth rate. Biased deposition with varying substrate bias power and working pressure also enables control of the film morphology and surface roughness.

Download or read book ELECTROMECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LEAD MAGNESIUM NIOBATE BASED THIN FILMS written by Smitha Shetty and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lead Magnesium Niobate (PMN) is the most studied relaxor ferroelectric compound with cation order intimately interacting with nanoscale polar heterogeneities. In undoped bulk PMN, the cation order can hardly be changed, while the polar order is quite responsive to external stimuli (electric field and temperature). Moreover, PMN-based oxides are of technological importance, displaying strong piezoelectric effects, high electrostrictive strains, and unusually high dielectric permittivity. The local compositional heterogeneity associated with short-range ordering of Mg and Nb in PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 (PMN) is correlated with its characteristic relaxor ferroelectric behavior. Fully-ordered PMN has not been prepared as a bulk material. This work reports the growth and characterization of thin film PMN heterostructures with long-range cation order. These films were grown at temperatures below 1073 K by artificially reducing the degree of disorder via synthesis of heterostructures with alternate layers of Pb(Mg2/3Nb1/3)O3 and PbNbO3, as suggested by the random-site model. 100-nm-thick, phase-pure films were grown epitaxially on (111) SrTiO3 substrates using alternate target timed pulsed-laser deposition of Pb(Mg2/3Nb1/3)O3 and PbNbO3 targets with 20% excess Pb. Selected area electron diffraction confirmed the emergence of (1/2, 1/2, 1/2) superlattice spots with randomly distributed ordered domains as large as ~150 nm. These heterostructures exhibited a dielectric constant of 800, loss tangents of ~0.03 and 2 x remanent polarization of ~11 C/cm2 at room temperature. Polarization-electric field hysteresis loops, Rayleigh data, and optical second-harmonic generation measurements are consistent with the development of ferroelectric domains below 140 K. Temperature-dependent permittivity measurements demonstrate reduced frequency dispersion compared to short range ordered PMN films. Although perfectly layered heterostructures could not be grown, the novelty of this work lies in achieving the highest cation order in PMN. Further, these engineered films exhibit a continuum between normal and relaxor ferroelectric behavior as a function of temperature. The dynamic nonlinear dielectric responses were also studied as a function of temperature and electric field for the PMN thin films with long- and short-range ordering. It was found that long-range ordering decreased the dispersion in the first and third harmonic displacement current relative to short-range ordered films. For both sets of films, a second harmonic component of the dielectric response was also detected. The phase angles of the higher harmonic responses were used to probe the continuum in ferroelectric- relaxor behavior in these films. At high temperatures (e.g. above the freezing temperature), the presence of nanopolar clusters is believed to cause the strong dispersion in the third harmonic response in both long range and short-range films. However, at lower temperatures, changes in the sign of 3 suggest long-range ferroelectric ordering, such that the response of mobile interfaces (believed to be domain walls) dominate the response. Additionally, miniaturization of PMN based ferroelectric films for actuator applications necessitates quantification of piezoelectric properties with scaling. A single beam laser interferometer based on a modified Mirau detection scheme with a vertical resolution of 5pm was developed for localized d33 measurements on patterned piezoelectric films. The tool provides high spatial resolution (2m), essential for understanding scaling and processing effects in piezoelectric materials. This approach enables quantitative information on d33, currently difficult in local measurement techniques such as piezoresponse force microscopy. The interferometer is built in a custom microscope and employs a phase lock-in technique in order to detect sub-Angstrom displacements. d33 measurements on single crystal 0.67PbMg0.33Nb0.67O3-0.33PbTiO3 and bulk PbZrTiO3-5A ceramics demonstrated agreement within

Download or read book Optical Properties of Lead Magnesium Niobate lead Titanate PMN PT and Strontium Barium Niobate SBN Thin Films written by Ka-yi Chan and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nucleation and Growth of Heteroepitaxial Diamond written by Connie Rebecca Bednarski-Meinke and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pulsed Laser Deposition of Relaxor Ferroelectric Lead Magnesium Niobate lead Titanate Thin Films and Heterostructures written by Dan Silviu Lavric and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Growth Microstructure and Optical Properties of Epitaxial Lithium Tantalate Thin Films by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition written by Huyang Xie and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Diamond Thin Films written by Ashok Kumar Dua and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dua, former head of the materials science section at the Bhabha Atomic Research Center in India, examines the past, present, and future of diamond thin films. He details their methods of preparation and characterization, and the mechanisms of nucleation, growth, and epitaxy of CVD diamond. Reactor-scale modeling, in situ diagnostics, and the processing of diamond films are some other topics covered. Concluding chapters look ahead to expected applications, recent developments, and new ideas in the field. There is no subject index. Annotation : 2004 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).

Download or read book Epitaxial Growth of Titanium Single Crystal Thin Films written by Franklin Edward Wawner and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Substrate Dependence on the Growth and Texture of Lead Titanate and Lead Zirconate Titanate Thin Films by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition written by Bi-Ming Yen and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ceramic Abstracts written by American Ceramic Society and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 794 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Electronstriction in the Lead Magnesium Niobate lead Titanate barium Titanate System written by Kevin Christopher Solofra and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Heteroepitaxial Growth of Metal Thin Films on Chiral and Achiral Ceramic Substrates written by Andrew J. Francis and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Incorporation of Iron Cations Into Epitaxial Sapphire Thin Films by Co evaporation and Subsequent Thermal Annealing written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Iron-doped sapphire thin films have been successfully epitaxially grown onto sapphire single crystal substrates by electron beam deposition and subsequent thermal annealing. Amorphous Al2O3 thin films, about 280--390 nm thick, cation doped with iron have been deposited on [0001] oriented sapphire substrates. Iron doping with cation concentrations (a ratio of Fe content to total cation content) up to 5 at % can be incorporated into the octahedral sites of Al-cation sublattice during the epitaxial regrowth process at 1,000--1,400 C, as determined by Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry and ion channeling measurements. Cross-sectional Transmission Electron Microscopy shows the presence of two distinct regions in the annealed films. One exhibits the epitaxial relationship with the sapphire substrate and the second region has amorphous type of contrast. External optical transmittance measurements in the ultra violet and visible light range have exhibited the absorption associated with Fe{sup 3+}. This study has demonstrated a simple method of incorporating dopants into single crystal sapphire, which has potential in the fabrications of thin film planar optical waveguides.

Download or read book Oriented Lead Zirconate Titanate Thin Films Characterization of Film Crystallization written by James A. et al Voigt and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Film processing temperature and time was varied to characterize the pyrochlore-to-perovskite crystallization of solution-derived PZT 20/80 thin films. 3000 [Angstrom] thick films were prepared by spin deposition using 100 single crystal MgO as substrate. By controlled rapid thermal processing, films at different stages in the perovskite crystallization process were prepared with the tetragonal PZT 20/80 phase being 100/001 oriented relative to the MgO surface. An activation energy for the conversion process of 326 kJ/mole was determined by use of an Arrhenius expression using rate constants found by application of the method of Avrami. Activation energy for formation of the PZT 20/80 perovskite phase of the solution-derived films compared favorably with that calculated from data by Kwok and Desu for sputter-deposited 3500 [Angstrom] thick PZT 55/45 films. Similarity in activation energies indicates that the energetics of the conversion process are not strongly dependent on the method used for film deposition.

Download or read book 450 C AlN Thin Film Growth on Nitrided C Plane Sapphire Substrates written by Roger Eastman Feeley and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: