Download or read book Growth of Exports and Income in the Developing World written by Constantine Michalopoulos and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Economics of the Developing Countries written by Hla Myint (U.) and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development economics, development theory, economic theory, study of different types of developing countries at different stages of economic development - covers economic policy, population growth, poverty, dual economy, economic structure, agricultural market expansion, wage policy for mines and plantation workers, migrant workers, input output, banking, investments, trade, monetary policy, disguised unemployment and underemployment. References.
Download or read book Breaking Into New Markets written by Richard Newfarmer and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2009-03-12 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International trade in 2009 is projected to contract for the first time since 1982. As a result, export diversifi cation has gained new urgency as one way of using exports to recover lost growth momentum. Moreover, diversifi cation is central to reducing income volatility and sustaining high growth rates, which are especially important for countries with large populations living in poverty. In the 1950s, countries became concerned that their dependence on primary products would lead to steady falls in the purchasing power of primary exports and thus slow growth. A major policy objective of developing countries since that time has been to diversify out of primary products into manufactures. Although some nations have been at least partially successful, many low-income countries remain dependent on a narrow range of primary products. 'Breaking Into New Markets' argues for a comprehensive view of diversifi cation. It explores new thinking and evidence about export diversifi cation and elaborates on policies for its promotion. These policies span tariffs and taxes, services, and government activities to help fi rms take advantage of global opportunities. The book is a compilation of chapters written as short, policy-focused pieces. Many digest longer, more academic papers in an effort to make the information accessible to a larger policy and nontechnical audience. In that sense, the book is a policy primer on what export diversifi cation can and cannot do for growth and how to make diversifi cation happen. Intelligently designed policies that effi ciently address the obstacles to export growth are critical for overall economic growth and poverty reduction. This book offers insights useful to policy makers and practitioners as they embark on efforts to design new programs of competitiveness in their trade strategies.
Download or read book Growth of Exports and Income in the Developing World written by Constantine Michalopoulos and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trade as the Engine of Growth in Developing Countries written by James Riedel and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1983 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper is a critique of the thesis propounded in W.A. Lewis' Nobel lecture that economic growth in developed countries is the main driving force of exports and growth in developing countries. The trade engine theory is shown to rest on highly restrictive assumptions which, it is argued, have become increasingly inappropriate as a consequence of far-reaching changes in the composition of LDC exports. Empirical analysis is undertaken to show that the main gear of the trade engine, the linkage between economic prosperity in developed countries and export growth of developing countries, is highly unstable and hence mechanically inefficient. The trade engine theory, it is argued, is no more applicable in recent decades than Kravis showed it was in the nineteenth century.
Download or read book Market Access for Developing Country Exports Selected Issues written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2002-09-26 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund have drawn together available research findings on the benefits of trade liberalization as well as on the obstacles to trade-oriented development.
Download or read book Developing Countries written by Jonathan E. Sanford and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2003 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is a developing country? How does one know whether a country is actually developing or not? This book looks at this issue from several perspectives. Using a series of reports by various organisations, it shows how countries rank in their levels of development according to different criteria. Countries ranking high according to one measure may rank lower according to another. It was once commonly believed that raising a country's average per capita income level would lead to improvements in most other areas. Time and experience have shown, however, that social conditions and general well-being of people may not necessarily improve when a country's average income level increases. Countries with high levels of per capita income may rank lower in their social and structural development. By contrast, some poor countries rank with the advanced countries in their governance and levels of individual and economic freedom. This book examines four criteria which are often used today to rank and assess countries' levels of development. They are: per capita income; economic and social structure; social conditions, and; the prevailing level of economic and political freedom. Specific indices or quantitative studies are explained and applied to each criteria and differences among the various measures are explained.
Download or read book Watching More Than The Discovery Channel Export Cycles and Diversification in Development written by Paul Brenton and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the export performance of 99 countries over 1995-2004 to understand the relative roles of export growth through "discovery" of new products and growth during post-discovery phases of the export product cycle -- acceleration and maturation -- in existing markets and expansion into new geographic markets. The authors find that expanding existing products in existing markets (growth at the intensive margin) has greater weight in export growth than diversification into new products and new geographic markets (growth at the extensive margin). Moreover, growth into new geographic markets appears to be more important than discovery of new export products in explaining export growth. Of particular importance is whether an exporting country succeeds in reaching more national markets that are already importing the product it makes. This geographic index of market penetration is a powerful explanatory variable of export performance. This suggests that governments should not focus solely or even primarily on the discovery channel, but also seek to identify and address market failures that are constraining exporters in subsequent phases of the export cycle.
Download or read book Foreign Technology Imports and Economic Growth in Developing Countries written by Xiaoming Zhang and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book World Development Report 2020 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global value chains (GVCs) powered the surge of international trade after 1990 and now account for almost half of all trade. This shift enabled an unprecedented economic convergence: poor countries grew rapidly and began to catch up with richer countries. Since the 2008 global financial crisis, however, the growth of trade has been sluggish and the expansion of GVCs has stalled. Meanwhile, serious threats have emerged to the model of trade-led growth. New technologies could draw production closer to the consumer and reduce the demand for labor. And trade conflicts among large countries could lead to a retrenchment or a segmentation of GVCs. World Development Report 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains examines whether there is still a path to development through GVCs and trade. It concludes that technological change is, at this stage, more a boon than a curse. GVCs can continue to boost growth, create better jobs, and reduce poverty provided that developing countries implement deeper reforms to promote GVC participation; industrial countries pursue open, predictable policies; and all countries revive multilateral cooperation.
Download or read book Exports Inflation and Growth written by Thorvaldur Gylfason and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1997-09-01 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper identifies some of the main determinants of exports and economic growth in cross-sectional data from the World Bank, covering 160 countries in the period 1985-1994. First, the linkages between the propensity to export and population, per capita income, agriculture, primary exports, and inflation are studied by statistical methods. Then, the relationship between economic growth and some of the above-mentioned determinants of exports and investment are scrutinized the same way. The main conclusion is that, in the period under review, high inflation and an abundance of natural resources tended to be associated with low exports and slow growth.
Download or read book New Directions in the World Economy written by Bela Balassa and published by Springer. This book was released on 1989-06-18 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An attempt to assist policy-makers in developing countries to cope with the challenges they face during the rest of the century and beyond. For this purpose it provides information on the experience of developing, developed and socialist countries.
Download or read book Trade Growth and Poverty written by Anne O. Krueger and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2003-02-01 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This survey of the recent literature asks: how important is trade policy for poverty reduction? We consider the effects of openness on poverty in two components: the effect of openness on average income growth, and the effect on distribution for a given growth rate. Evidence from a variety of sources (cross-country and panel growth regressions, industry and firm-level research, and case studies) supports the view that trade openness contributes greatly to growth. Moreover, trade openness does not have systematic effects on the poor beyond its effect on overall growth. Trade policy is only one of many determinants of growth and poverty reduction. Trade openness has important positive spillovers on other aspects of reform, however, so that the correlation of trade with other pro-reform policies speaks to the advantages of making openness a primary part of the reform package.
Download or read book Growth Before and After Trade Liberalization written by Gonzalo Salinas and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The empirical study of the impact of trade liberalization has not convinced the skeptics about the economic gains after trade reforms. Some have even argued that trade reforms have led to economic collapse and to deindustrialization. Using a sample that excludes countries that were subject to major exogenous disruptions, the authors note that post-reform economic growth was 1.2 percentage points higher than before the reforms. This is remarkable considering that pre-reform periods were characterized by highly expansionary state policies and large external borrowing, and the crisis years that preceded trade liberalization in the comparisons are eliminated. Through multivariate fixed effects estimations the authors calculate that annual per capita GDP growth rates increased by up to 2.6 percentage points after the trade reforms, compared to a counterfactual that takes into consideration the evolution of several growth determinants. Moreover, trade liberalization has been followed by an acceleration of growth in investment, exports of goods and services, and manufacturing exports, and as opposed to common belief, outward orientation did not lead to significant deindustrialization and actually seems to have increased export diversification. Growth acceleration occurred irrespective of income per capita level and was quite significant in Sub-Saharan Africa. As expected, small countries benefited most from the reforms.
Download or read book Export Quality in Developing Countries written by Christian Henn and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-05-15 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper develops new, far more extensive estimates of export quality, covering 178 countries and hundreds of products over 1962–2010. Quality upgrading is particularly rapid during the early stages of development, with quality convergence largely completed as a country reaches upper middle-income status. There is significant cross-country heterogeneity in quality growth rates. Within any given product line, quality converges both conditionally and unconditionally to the world frontier; increases in institutional quality and human capital are associated with faster quality upgrading. In turn, faster growth in quality is associated with more rapid output growth. The evidence suggests that quality upgrading is best encouraged through a broadly conducive domestic environment, rather than sector-specific policies. Diversification is important to create new upgrading opportunities.
Download or read book Trade and Growth of Developing Countries Under Financial Constraint written by Mathew D. Shane and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Achieving Development Success written by Augustin K. Fosu and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In addition to the country cases, it presents regional and overall syntheses that cover orthodox vs.
