Download or read book Growth Factors and Cytokines in Skeletal Muscle Development Growth Regeneration and Disease written by Jason White and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-22 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the diverse roles that growth factors and cytokines play in skeletal muscle. The extracellular environment has profound effects on the biology of skeletal muscle. The soluble portion of this environment includes a rich milieu of growth factors and cytokines which have been shown to regulate virtually all facets of the response of skeletal muscle to external stimuli, whether it be exercise induced metabolic shifts, remodeling in response to trauma or loading of the ongoing pathology associated with neuromuscular disease. The chapters included in this work illustrate growth factors that directly affect skeletal muscle cells and those which influence non-muscle cells that contribute to the biology of skeletal muscle as a whole tissue. The current state of the art, with the advent of systems biology, allows for the delineation of signaling networks which are regulated by suites of growth factors. This is in stark contrast to early more traditional studies, which only examined the effects of isolated growth factors on the activity of skeletal muscle precursor cells in tissue culture. The work presented in this volume ranges from reviewing and analyzing the roles of individual growth factors in detail, to the complex interplay of multiple soluble factors in the control of muscle functional, and dysfunctional states. The material covered in this volume will particularly suit readers from a range of research fields spanning general muscle biology and physiology, and those working on diseases and conditions affecting skeletal muscle both directly and indirectly.
Download or read book Skeletal Muscle Repair and Regeneration written by Stefano Schiaffino and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-18 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the middle of the last century we have progressively built up a comprehensive descriptive model of the allied mechanisms that maintain our muscles at a size and strength appropriate to the functional demands upon them and that rapidly repair damaged muscles. This volume is an assemblage of the collective experience from the pick of major research groups investigating these aspects of muscle cell biology. It provides up-to-date coverage and presents a broad range of topics.
Download or read book The Role of Growth Factors in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration written by John Basil Kurek and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Role of Stem Cells in Skeletal Muscle Development Regeneration Repair Aging and Disease written by Pura Muñoz-Cánoves and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-06-29 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adult stem cells are responsible for tissue regeneration and repair throughout life. Their quiescence or activation are tightly regulated by common signalling pathways that often recapitulate those happening during embryonic development, and thus it is important to understand their regulation not only in postnatal life, but also during foetal development. In this regard, skeletal muscle is an interesting tissue since it accounts for a large percentage of body mass (about 40%), it is highly amenable to intervention through exercise and it is also key in metabolic and physiological changes underlying frailty susceptibility in the elderly. While muscle-resident satellite cells are responsible for all myogenic activity in physiological conditions and become senescent in old age, other progenitor cells such as mesoangioblasts do seem to contribute to muscle regeneration and repair after tissue damage. Similarly, fibro-adipogenic precursor cells seem to be key in the aberrant response that fills up the space left from atrophied muscle mass and which ends up with a dysfunctional muscle having vast areas of fatty infiltration and fibrosis. The complex interplay between these stem/progenitor cell types and their niches in normal and pathological conditions throughout life are the subjects of intense investigation. This eBook highlights recent developments on the role of stem cells in skeletal muscle function, both in prenatal and postnatal life, and their regulation by transcriptional, post-transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms. Additionally, it includes articles on interventions associated with exercise, pathological changes in neuromuscular diseases, and stem cell aging.
Download or read book Non viral Gene Transfer of Growth Factors in Skeletal Muscle written by Jonathan David Schertzer and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Growth Factors Differentiation Factors and Cytokines written by Andreas Habenicht and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading international experts contribute to this selection of reviews covering the merging fields of growth factors, differentiation factors, and cytokines. These appear to play fundamental roles in a wide variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes that include the regulation of growth in normal and malignant cells, embryogenesis, the immune response, wound healing, inflammation, and atherogenesis. The major aspects of recent research and development are discussed, providing an important update in this pioneering field.
Download or read book Skeletal Muscle Plasticity in Health and Disease written by Roberto Bottinelli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability of striated muscle tissue to adapt to changes in activity or in working conditions is extremely high. In some ways it is comparable to the ability of the brain to learn. The interest in muscle adaptation is increasing in relation to the idea that physical fitness helps in the prevention of disease, may counteract the loss of physical performance and generally improves wellbeing. Plasticity is the word used since the late 1970’s to indicate collectively all the processes and mechanisms which form the background of muscle adaptation. This book aims to provide a systematic updating of the available knowledge on molecular and cellular mechanisms, as well as on changes at whole muscle level. The book means to be a guide and a help for people who enter the field as PhD or medical students, but is also a tool for refreshing and updating knowledge for people already active in the field in basic sciences as well as in applied disciplines such as neurology, sports science and rehabilitation.
Download or read book Effect of exercise on the mRNA expression of growth factors metabolic genes and myosin heavy chain isoforms in skeletal muscles of the rat written by Antonios Matsakas and published by diplom.de. This book was released on 2004-09-27 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: Skeletal muscle is a complex and heterogeneous tissue capable of remarkable adaptation in response to various stimuli such as exercise training. Molecular biology approaches have made a large contribution to our current understanding of how mechanical loading can alter gene expression and muscle protein synthesis rates in skeletal muscle. The steady-state level of a given mRNA is a function of both its rate of synthesis and its rate of degradation, implying that the rate of change in response to a cellular stimulus is dependent on the dynamics of mRNA turnover. Changes in muscle mRNA steady-state levels can be taken as an index of changes in gene expression, constituting currently one of the best described and understood molecular events that underlie muscle plasticity. The discovery of new growth factors involved in the regulation of muscle development provides a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the adaptation of skeletal muscle to exercise training. Since it has been shown that changes in contractile function can be brought about by switching on one subset and repressing another subset of genes, it was hypothesized that the steady state level of multiple mRNAs (growth factors and metabolic genes) involved in regulatory functions in a muscle which is frequently recruited during exercise is different between endurance trained versus untrained rats. Recent scientific data indicate that myostatin constitutes a limiting factor in normal muscle development playing a crucial role in skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Nevertheless, there are only scarce data so far about the role of myostatin in the exercise-induced skeletal muscle adaptation. The transient changes in regulatory and structural gene expression provide the molecular basis of the adaptability of the skeletal muscle to exercise stimulus. To get an insight into the molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle adaptation, the main objective of this study was to examine the effect of both the short- and long- term effect of exercise (five day of swimming vs. chronic wheel running) on IGF-I and MSTN (positive and negative skeletal muscle regulators respectively) mRNA contents in male Wistar rats. Potential increase of positive and/or decrease of negative regulators of muscle growth lead to enhanced muscle-progenitor proliferation providing a new perspective in the mechanism of muscle adaptability. It was hypothesized that exercise training could be [...]
Download or read book The Plasticity of Skeletal Muscle written by Kunihiro Sakuma and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-01 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses recent advances and various topics in plasticity of skeletal muscle from the perspectives of morphology, biological function, and clinical applications. Skeletal muscle is a highly plastic organ to adapt to environmental various demands, appears to endocrine various myokines, which flow into blood to protect the recognizing function of brain and inhibit the appearance of several cancer tumorigenesis. The book deals with current stem-cell based, pharmacological, and nutritional therapies for muscle wasting (sarcopenia, cachexia, and muscular dystrophy). It also explains the roles of biological mediators such as PGC-1, transient receptor potential cation channels (TRPC), and AMPK in modulating muscle function. The functional roles of ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy-dependent signaling in muscle homeostasis, ribosome biogenesis, and redox regulation of mechanotransduction to modulate skeletal muscle mass are also covered. It is an essential resource for physicians, researchers, post-docs as well as graduate students in the field of sports science including rehabilitation therapy, exercise physiology, exercise biochemistry, and molecular biology dealing with skeletal muscle.
Download or read book The Role of Transforming Growth Factor Beta extracellular Matrix Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Growth and Development written by Xuehui Li and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Muscle development is a highly organized process, regulated by interactions between muscle cells and their extracellular matrix (ECM) environment. The ECM through its regulation of growth factors plays a pivotal role in muscle growth and development. Transforming growth factor-[beta]1 (TGF-[beta]1) is a potent inhibitor of muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. Decorin, one of components in the ECM, binds to TGF-[beta]1 and modulates muscle cell responsiveness to TGF-[beta]1. The TGF-[beta]1 signal is carried by Smad proteins into the cell nucleus, resulting in an inhibition of the expression of certain myogenic regulatory factors. In addition, TGF-[beta]1 affects expression of cell [beta]1 integrin adhesion receptor that is involved in cell adhesion and survival. However, the mechanism by which these factors interact and the signaling pathway is largely unknown. To address this mechanism, both in vitro and in vivo studies were preformed. In vitro studies showed that TGF-[beta]1 reduced both decorin and [beta]1 integrin expression, and altered the localization of [beta]1 integrin in satellite cells. Decorin plays a negative role in the TGF-[beta]1-dependent signaling pathway in terms of inhibiting satellite cell responsiveness to TGF-[beta]1, resulting in enhanced cell proliferation and differentiation. Decreased expression of [beta]1 integrin is likely involved in the programmed cell death or apoptotic effect of TGF-[beta]1 on muscle cells through regulating focal adhesion kinase signaling pathway. The expression of myogenic regulatory factors, MyoD and myogenin, was inhibited by TGF-[beta]1 through Smad3-mediated pathway, resulting in decreased satellite cell proliferation and differentiation. In vivo studies investigated the function of TGF-[beta]1 on the expression and localization of [beta]1 integrin and decorin during muscle formation by injection of TGF-[beta]1 into the developing chicken embryo. In addition, the muscle cells from Low Score Normal (LSN) chicken, genetic muscle weakness, showed a different cellular responsiveness to TGF-[beta]1 compared to the normal, which suggests a complex mechanism involved in the LSN condition. This study provides new information on the role of the TGF-[beta]1-ECM signaling pathway in muscle growth and development, which will not only be critical to the domestic animal industries, but also benefit human health in terms of the repair and regeneration of muscle with age.
Download or read book Growth Factor and Steroid Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Growth and Development written by Randall Scott Frey and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Muscle Atrophy written by Junjie Xiao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-02 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book addresses the development of muscle atrophy, which can be caused by denervation, disuse, excessive fasting, aging, and a variety of diseases including heart failure, chronic kidney diseases and cancers. Muscle atrophy reduces quality of life and increases morbidity and mortality worldwide. The book is divided into five parts, the first of which describes the general aspects of muscle atrophy including its characteristics, related economic and health burdens, and the current clinical therapy. Secondly, basic aspects of muscle atrophy including the composition, structure and function of skeletal muscle, muscle changes in response to atrophy, and experimental models are summarized. Thirdly, the book reviews the molecular mechanisms of muscle atrophy, including protein degradation and synthesis pathways, noncoding RNAs, inflammatory signaling, oxidative stress, mitochondria signaling, etc. Fourthly, it highlights the pathophysiological mechanisms of muscle atrophy in aging and disease. The book’s fifth and final part covers the diagnosis, treatment strategies, promising agents and future prospects of muscle atrophy. The book will appeal to a broad readership including scientists, undergraduate and graduate students in medicine and cell biology.
Download or read book Muscle Regeneration written by Alexander Mauro and published by Raven Press (ID). This book was released on 1979 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Influence of Insulin like Growth Factor I on Skeletal Muscle Regeneration written by David Wayne Hammers and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Skeletal muscle regeneration involves a tightly regulated coordination of cellular and signaling events to remodel and repair the site of injury. When this coordination is perturbed, the regenerative process is impaired. The expression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is robust in the typical muscle regenerative program, promoting cell survival and increasing myoblast activity. In this project, we found that severely depressed IGF-I expression and intracellular signaling in aged skeletal muscle coincided with impaired regeneration from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). To hasten muscle regeneration, we developed the PEGylated fibrin gel (PEG-Fib) system as a means to intramuscularly deliver IGF-I in a controlled manner to injured muscle. This strategy resulted in greatly improved muscle function and histological assessment following 14 days of reperfusion, which are likely mediated by improved myofiber survival. Recent evidence suggests macrophages (MPs) are responsible for the upregulation of IGF-I following injury, therefore we developed a rapid, reproducible, and cost-effective model of investigating MP profiles in injured muscle via flow cytometry. Using information gathered from this model, we found that increasing the number of a non-inflammatory MP population improves the recovery of muscle from I/R. These data demonstrate that immunomodulatory therapies have the potential to greatly improve the recovery of skeletal muscle from injury.
Download or read book Insulin Like Growth Factors in Development Cancers and Aging written by Haim Werner and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-08-30 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Special Issue of Cells on “Insulin-Like Growth Factors in Development, Cancers and Aging” provides a collection of modern articles dealing with the role of insulin-like growth factors (IGF1) in cancer biology, aging and development. Featured articles explore basic and clinical aspects of the IGF1 system, including post-genomic analyses as well as novel approaches to target the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) in oncology.
Download or read book The Role of Growth Factors in the Regeneration of Skeletal Muscle written by Sondra Powers Kirk and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Peptide Growth Factors in the Regeneration of Skeletal Muscle written by Niels Robert Dugan and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
