Download or read book Grout for Prestressing Tendons Test Methods written by British Standards Institute Staff and published by . This book was released on 1997-11 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grouting, Construction materials, Tendons, Prestressed concrete, Testing conditions, Calibration, Compression testing, Moulding (process), Test specimens, Volume measurement
Download or read book Grouting of Tendons in Prestressed Concrete written by fib Fédération internationale du béton and published by fib Fédération internationale du béton. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prestressed Concrete is a very efficient form of construction; it takes advantage of the strength of concrete in compression. Developed mainly over the second part of the 20th century, it has proven to be reliable and durable. However, in the 1990's some cause for concern was discovered, first in the UK and followed by many other countries of the world. It appeared that the grout, an important means of protection of the steel against corrosion for internally ducted tendons, was in some cases inadequate. Major investigations followed including physical intrusive examination of ducts, mainly in bridges, and re-writing of procedures, processes and specifications, and in 1998 FIP launched a Task Group to review their advice note "Guidelines for Grouting" which had first been published in 1990. The merger of FIP and CEB in 1998 brought this under the auspices of fib. Structural deficiencies have only been found in a small number of bridges and in most of these cases the cause is clearly identifiable as either design detailing, workmanship or materials. In the UK, the Concrete Society report TR47 "Durable Post-tensioned Concrete Bridges" had been published in 1996, which was the culmination of four years of investigative research, and contained major new specifications and procedures aimed at improving the quality of grouting. In the USA, the Post Tensioning Institute published in 2001 their guide "Specification for Grouting of Post-Tensioned Structures", which also represented major steps forward in materials and testing requirements. The American Segmental Bridge Institute has set up a Committee to re-examine their guidelines, as have many other National Bodies worldwide. In Europe, France has issued a "Fascicule No. 65A" covering requirements for grouting and there are many developments in hand in other countries. Also in Europe, a European Technical Approval Guideline (ETAG) has been published for approval of post-tensioning systems which covers several aspects of grout and grouting. In November 2001 an international workshop was held in Ghent, Belgium on "Durability of Post-Tensioning Tendons" [see fib Bulletin 15] at which international experience was exchanged. The theme was clearly apparent; those bridge owners that have looked, have found some problems with a few of their post-tensioned bridges. In most cases steps are being taken to repair existing bridges, where considered necessary, and to improve future construction by reviewing national specifications. Emphasis is being put on a multi-layer protection strategy whereby protection against corrosion is provided by waterproofing, dense impermeable concrete, sealed ducts and good quality grout. Design detailing and rain water management are seen as important aspects. It was, therefore, timely for fib to publish state-of-the-art guidelines to assist in developing and improving the quality of a major line of defence against corrosion, the cement grout. This document represents a consensus view of current practitioners of what is a rapidly developing awareness of some of the shortcomings of previous practice and suggests improvements. This document is a major update of the previous FIP Guidelines and may be taken as a future basis for updating EN 445-447. New areas include understanding of the deleterious effects of an unstable grout, bleeding and how to avoid it, the importance of training and proper procedures, mix design and testing/trials and some new test procedures. It is now understood and generally accepted that the properties of common grout made from cement and water can be very variable and sometimes unpredictable and such grout is not recommended.
Download or read book Grouting of tendons in prestressed concrete written by FIB – International Federation for Structural Concrete and published by FIB - International Federation for Structural Concrete. This book was released on 1990-01-01 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide deals with the grouting of tendons inside concrete members, using cement grout, and tackles the essential day to day practical matters which produce good grouting. Afer a review of objectives, it looks at ducts, inlets and outlets, grout materials and grout properties, equipment, site preparations, the grouting operation, site control and after-measures.
Download or read book Grout for Prestressing Tendons Basic Requirements written by British Standards Institute Staff and published by . This book was released on 2007-11-30 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grouting, Prestressed concrete, Tendons, Construction materials, Compressive strength, Volume, Dimensional changes, Viscosity, Mixing, Accuracy, Composition, Conformity
Download or read book Grout for Prestressing Tendons Grouting Procedures written by British Standards Institute Staff and published by . This book was released on 2007-11-30 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grouting, Construction operations, Tendons, Prestressed concrete, Construction equipment, Construction materials, Temperature, Quality control, Inspection
Download or read book Mix Design and Application of Hydraulic Grouts for Masonry Strengthening written by Androniki Miltiadou-Fezans and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-17 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides guidance for the rational design and application of hydraulic grouts, based on a series of specific data (type of masonry, voids' width, targeted strength and durability level, available materials, etc.). To this end, the basic characteristics of a grout, i.e. its injectability (penetrability, fluidity and stability), its strength and durability, are taken into account by means of rational models and quantified expressions of all grout-design parameters. Thus, a holistic, rational mix design methodology for optimization of grout composition is given, permitting the preliminary design of grouts, without having to resort to multiple tests in advance. Moreover, detailed practical guidelines for grouting application and quality control, based on real case studies, are also included. The book attempts to rationalize the entire procedure of this poly-parametric decision-making, keeping however in mind the need for practical engineering solutions.
Download or read book Grout for Prestressing Tendons Specification for Common Grout written by British Standards Institute Staff and published by . This book was released on 1997-11-01 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grouting, Prestressed concrete, Construction materials, Tendons, Compressive strength, Volume, Dimensional changes, Viscosity, Test specimens, Dimensions, Mixing, Accuracy
Download or read book Structural Grouts written by P.L.J. Domone and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1993-12-09 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book considers the properties of grouts, and how they may be formulated for different purposes, and application areas where the advantages of grouts have been assessed and ratified. Case studies illustrate benefits, problems and future potential. The book gathers together a substantial amount of information on grout properties, utilisation and
Download or read book Slovenski Standard written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Materials for Architects and Builders written by Arthur Lyons and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-08-21 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials for Architects and Builders provides a clear and concise introduction to the broad range of materials used within the construction industry and covers the essential details of their manufacture, key physical properties, specification and uses. Understanding the basics of materials is a crucial part of undergraduate and diploma construction or architecture-related courses, and this established textbook helps the reader to do just that with the help of colour photographs and clear diagrams throughout. This new edition has been completely revised and updated to include the latest developments in materials research, new images, appropriate technologies and relevant legislation. The ecological effects of building construction and lifetime use remain an important focus, and this new edition includes a wide range of energy saving building components.
Download or read book Historic Mortars written by Jan Válek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-23 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on research and practical issues connected with mortars on historic structures. The book is divided into four sections: Characterisation of Historic Mortars, Repair Mortars and Design Issues, Experimental Research into Properties of Repair Mortars, and Assessment and Testing. The papers present the latest work of researchers in their field. The individual contributions were selected from the contributions to the 2nd Historic Mortars Conference, which took place in Prague, September, 22-24, 2010. All papers were reviewed and improved as necessary before publication. This peer review process by the editors resulted in the 34 individual contributions included in here. One extra paper reviewing and summarising State-of-the-Art knowledge covered by this publication was added as a starting and navigational point for the reader. The editors believe that having these papers in print is important and they hope that it will stimulate further research into historic mortars and related subjects.
Download or read book Acceptance of post tensioning systems for cryogenic applications written by FIB – International Federation for Structural Concrete and published by FIB - International Federation for Structural Concrete. This book was released on 2021-04-01 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the Second World War the demand of energy has undergone an exponential growth that has led to a sharp annual increase in the use of natural gas in both, cities and thermal power stations. Nowadays, the strategic relevance of natural gas as a main source of energy is evident with a contribution of more than 20% of the total world consumption. This development in increasing demand of natural gas has led for a need of suitable storage and transportation infrastructure. Various gases, especially hydrocarbons, are preferably stored in liquid form for transportation and storage since the phase transformation from gas to liquid comes with a significant reduction of the volume (e.g. up to 600 times). Gases can be liquefied by raising the pressure or by cooling to their boiling point, which for most gases is below 0°C. This is known as cryogenic storage. The term cryogenic is derived from two Greek words, namely kryos meaning icy-cold and genes which can be translated as shape. These fib recommendations are concerned about post-tensioning systems used in cryogenic tanks and have been formulated on the basis of actual available knowledge with the aim to reflect the current state of the art. Consequently, these recommendations have included a classification of the different cryogenic tanks typologies used in the past and nowadays, the associated different tendon types depending on their exposure to low temperature (e.g. never, only accidentally or during normal tank operation) and the testing regime required for acceptance of the materials and the post-tensioning system according to this document. An international working group comprising more than 20 experts from administrative authorities, universities, laboratories, owners, structural designers, suppliers of prestressing steels and post-tensioning systems suppliers have actively contributed in order to develop these recommendations. This text has been written to cover best construction practices around the world, and to provide material specifications which are considered to be the most advanced available at the time of preparing this text. For ease of use (for Owner, Designer and Post-tensioning System Supplier), the content has been arranged systematically according to the system components into chapters focusing on performance characteristics, requirements and acceptance criteria.
Download or read book Guide for Protection and Repair of Concrete Structures written by FIB – International Federation for Structural Concrete and published by FIB - International Federation for Structural Concrete. This book was released on 2022-03-01 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea of preparing a technical document for the repairs and interventions upon concrete structures goes back to the former fib COM5: Structural Service Life Aspects, being the goal of the then TG5.9. After a long period of reduced activity, and taking into account the reorganization of fib commissions that meanwhile took place, on June 2017 a different approach was proposed to push forward the task of TG8.1 (formerly TG5.9). The (new) goal of TG 8.1 was to deliver a ‘how-to-do’ guide, gathering together protection, repair, and strengthening techniques for concrete structures. Chapters are intended to provide both guidelines and case-studies, serving as support to the application of fib MC2020 pre-normative specifications. Each chapter was written by an editorial team comprising desirably at least a researcher, a designer and a contractor. Templates have been prepared in order to harmonize the contents and the presentation of the different methods. Following the writing process, chapters were reviewed by experts and, after amendments by the authors, they underwent a second review process by COM8 and TG3.4 members, as well as by different practitioners. For each protection, repair and strengthening method addressed in this guide, readers have a description of when to adopt it, which materials and systems are required, which techniques are available, and what kind of equipment is needed. It then presents a summary of stakeholders’ roles and qualifications, design guidelines referring to most relevant codes and references, the intervention procedure, quality control measures and monitoring and maintenance activities. Due to the extent of the guide, it was decided to publish it as bulletin 102, addressing protection and repair methods, and bulletin 103, addressing strengthening methods. We would like to thank the authors, reviewers and members of COM8 and TG3.4 for their work in developing this fib Bulletin, which we hope will be useful for professionals working in the field of existing concrete structures, especially those concerned with life-cycle management and conservation activities. As noted above, this Bulletin is also intended to act as a background and supporting document to the next edition of the fib Model Code for Concrete Structures, which is currently under development under the auspices of TG10.1 with the working title of "fib Model Code 2020".
Download or read book Specialist Techniques and Materials for Concrete Construction written by Ravindra K. Dhir and published by Thomas Telford. This book was released on 1999 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concrete will be the key material for Mankind to create the built environment of the next millennium. The requirements of this infrastructure will be both demanding, in terms of technical performance and economy, and yet be greatly varied, from architectural masterpieces to the simplest of utilities.Specialist techniques and materials for concrete construction forms the Proceedings of the three day international conference held during the Congress, creating with concrete, 6-10 September 1999, organised by the Concrete technology unit, University of Dundee.
Download or read book Construction Materials written by Manuel Bustillo Revuelta and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-02 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Construction Materials is a comprehensive textbook covering all raw materials and products related to the construction processes, and not only those applied to building structures. The book is organized to help readers achieve competent knowledge about construction materials. At the beginning of the book the author offers the general concepts, definitions, and standards adopted worldwide for these materials to be used along the book. The central part of the text covers the primary construction materials required to manufacture concrete and mortars, the most relevant construction materials in the last century. Expressly, concrete and mortar are treated in detail in dedicated chapters per component. In addition, the author addresses other relevant materials in construction such as ceramic materials, metals and alloys, bituminous materials, and geosynthetic materials. Finally, since the construction industry is one of the largest single waste producing sector in the world, the last chapter outlines the main types and characteristics of construction and demolition waste (e.g. recycled aggregates). The book appeals to students but also professionals interested in construction materials and construction and civil engineering.
Download or read book Grouting of Tendons in Prestressed Concrete written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deals with the grouting of tendons inside concrete members using cement grout, and tackles the day to day matters, which produce good grouting. After a review of objectives, this guide looks at ducts, inlets and outlets, grout materials and grout properties, equipment, site preparations, the grouting operation, site control, and after-measures.
Download or read book Corrosion of Steel in Concrete written by Luca Bertolini and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-26 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Steel-reinforced concrete is used ubiquitously as a building material due to its unique combination of the high compressive strength of concrete and the high tensile strength of steel. Therefore, reinforced concrete is an ideal composite material that is used for a wide range of applications in structural engineering such as buildings, bridges, tunnels, harbor quays, foundations, tanks and pipes. To ensure durability of these structures, however, measures must be taken to prevent, diagnose and, if necessary, repair damage to the material especially due to corrosion of the steel reinforcement. The book examines the different aspects of corrosion of steel in concrete, starting from basic and essential mechanisms of the phenomenon, moving up to practical consequences for designers, contractors and owners both for new and existing reinforced and prestressed concrete structures. It covers general aspects of corrosion and protection of reinforcement, forms of attack in the presence of carbonation and chlorides, problems of hydrogen embrittlement as well as techniques of diagnosis, monitoring and repair. This second edition updates the contents with recent findings on the different topics considered and bibliographic references, with particular attention to recent European standards. This book is a self-contained treatment for civil and construction engineers, material scientists, advanced students and architects concerned with the design and maintenance of reinforced concrete structures. Readers will benefit from the knowledge, tools, and methods needed to understand corrosion in reinforced concrete and how to prevent it or keep it within acceptable limits.
