Download or read book Ground motion Model Selection and Adjustment for Seismic Hazard Analysis written by Annabel Händel and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prediction of the ground shaking that can occur at a site of interest due to an earthquake is crucial in any seismic hazard analysis. Usually, empirically derived ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) are employed within a logic-tree framework to account for this step. This is, however, challenging if the area under consideration has only low seismicity and lacks enough recordings to develop a region-specific GMPE. It is then usual practice to adapt GMPEs from data-rich regions (host area) to the area with insufficient ground-motion recordings (target area). Host GMPEs must be adjusted in such a way that they will capture the specific ground-motion characteristics of the target area. In order to do so, seismological parameters of the target region have to be provided as, for example, the site-specific attenuation factor kappa0. This is again an intricate task if data amount is too sparse to derive these parameters. In this thesis, I explore methods that can facilitate the selection of non-endemic GMPEs in a logic-tree ...

Download or read book Development of Ground Motion Models in Central and Eastern United States for Use in the Coastal Plain Using Sediment Thickness written by Mohsen Akhani Senejani and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ground motion models (GMMs) are essential components of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) in developing engineering response spectra conditional on earthquake magnitude, source-receiver distance, and site condition. The Gulf Coast and Atlantic Coastal Plain regions of the United States, referred to as the Coastal Plain by researchers such as Chapman and Guo (2021), have site conditions systematically different from others in the Central and Eastern United States (CEUS). This study aims to develop adjustment factors for the GMMs developed for CEUS, which are developed for regions outside the Coastal Plain, to be used for sites within the Coastal Plain regions. The adjustment factors developed are a function of sediment thickness and rupture distance (R_rup) in the Coastal Plain. We use newly developed sediment thickness contour maps for the Coastal Plain (Boyd et al., 2023) and a combined dataset, that consists of the NGA-East dataset (Goulet et al., 2014), the dataset from Chapman and Guo (2021), and the newly compiled and verified dataset by Thompson et al. (2023). We compute residuals by taking the difference between the logarithms of the observed Coastal Plain data and those predicted by the CEUS GMMs and model the residuals using a mixed-effects regression model to partition the total residuals into distinct components comprising source-specific, path-specific, and site-specific terms. The initial term is referred to as the between-event component, while the combination of the latter two terms is denoted as the within-event component. To develop the adjustment factors for sites within the Coastal Plain, we fit the within-event residuals to an equation that is a function of sediment thickness and R_rup. The results, applicable for R_rup up to 1500 km, indicate that for stations within the Coastal Plain, for most periods, the residual trend has been eliminated with respect to VS30 (the time-averaged shear-wave velocity to a depth of 30 meters), sediment thickness, and R_rup, using the proposed adjustment factors. The results of this study can be utilized in seismic hazard and risk analyses for sites within the Coastal Plain.

Download or read book Stochastic Model for Earthquake Ground Motion Using Wavelet Packets written by Yoshifumi Yamamoto and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For performance-based design, nonlinear dynamic structural analysis for various types of input ground motions is required. Stochastic (simulated) ground motions are sometimes useful as input motions, because unlike recorded motions they are not limited in number and because their properties can be varied systematically to study the impact of ground motion properties on structural response. This dissertation describes an approach by which the wavelet packet transform can be used to characterize complex time-varying earthquake ground motions, and it illustrates the potential benefits of such an approach in a variety of earthquake engineering applications. The proposed model is based on Thr´ainsson and Kiremidjian (2002), which use Fourier amplitudes and phase differences to simulate ground motions and attenuation models to their model parameters. We extend their model using wavelet packet transform since it can control the time and frequency characteristic of time series. The time- and frequency-varying properties of real ground motions can be captured using wavelet packets, so a model is developed that requires only 13 parameters to describe a given ground motion. These 13 parameters are then related to seismological variables such as earthquake magnitude, distance, and site condition, through regression analysis that captures trends in mean values, standard deviations and correlations of these parameters observed in a large database of recorded strong ground motions. The resulting regression equations then form a model that can be used to predict ground motions for a future earthquake scenario; this model is analogous to widely used empirical ground motion prediction models (formerly called "attenuation models") except that this model predicts entire time series rather than only response spectra. The ground motions produced using this predictive model are explored in detail, and are shown to have elastic response spectra, inelastic response spectra, durations, mean periods, etc., that are consistent in both mean and variability to existing published predictive models for those properties. That consistency allows the proposed model to be used in place of existing models for probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) calculations. This new way to calculate PSHA is termed "simulation-based probabilistic seismic hazard analysis" and it allows a deeper understanding of ground motion hazard and hazard deaggregation than is possible with traditional PSHA because it produces a suite of potential ground motion time histories rather than simply a distribution of response spectra. The potential benefits of this approach are demonstrated and explored in detail. Taking this analysis even further, this suite of time histories can be used as input for nonlinear dynamic analysis of structures, to perform a risk analysis (i.e., "probabilistic seismic demand analysis") that allows computation of the probability of the structure exceeding some level of response in a future earthquake. These risk calculations are often performed today using small sets of scaled recorded ground motions, but that approach requires a variety of assumptions regarding important properties of ground motions, the impacts of ground motion scaling, etc. The approach proposed here facilitates examination of those assumptions, and provides a variety of other relevant information not obtainable by that traditional approach.

Download or read book Seismic Hazard Assessment in Site Evaluation for Nuclear Installations written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA Tecdoc Series No. 1796. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides the state-of-the-art practice and detailed technical elements related to ground motion evaluation by ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) and site response in the context of seismic hazard assessments as recommended in IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SSG-9, Seismic Hazards in Site Evaluation for Nuclear Installations.

Download or read book Seismic Hazard and Risk Analysis written by Jack Baker and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-10-21 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seismic hazard and risk analyses underpin the loadings prescribed by engineering design codes, the decisions by asset owners to retrofit structures, the pricing of insurance policies, and many other activities. This is a comprehensive overview of the principles and procedures behind seismic hazard and risk analysis. It enables readers to understand best practises and future research directions. Early chapters cover the essential elements and concepts of seismic hazard and risk analysis, while later chapters shift focus to more advanced topics. Each chapter includes worked examples and problem sets for which full solutions are provided online. Appendices provide relevant background in probability and statistics. Computer codes are also available online to help replicate specific calculations and demonstrate the implementation of various methods. This is a valuable reference for upper level students and practitioners in civil engineering, and earth scientists interested in engineering seismology.

Download or read book Continental Intraplate Earthquakes written by Seth Stein and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This volume brings together a sampling of research addressing issues of continental intraplate earthquakes, including a core of papers from special sessions held at the spring 2004 Joint Assembly of the American and Canadian Geophysical Unions in Montreal. Papers address the broad related topics of the science, hazard, and policy issues of large continental intraplate earthquakes in a worldwide context. One group of papers addresses aspects of the primary scientific issue--where are these earthquakes and what causes them? Answering this question is crucial to determining whether they will continue there or migrate elsewhere. A second group of papers addresses the challenge of assessing the hazard posed by intraplate earthquakes. Although it may be a very long time before the scientific issues are resolved, the progress being made is helping attempts to estimate the probability, size, and shaking of future earthquakes, and the uncertainty of the results. A third group of papers explores the question of how society should mitigate the possible effects of future large continental intraplate earthquakes. Communities around the world face the challenge of deciding how to address this rare, but real, hazard, given the wide range of other societal needs. Continental intraplate earthquakes will remain a challenge to seismologists, earthquake engineers, policy makers, and the public for years to come, but significant progress toward understanding and addressing this challenge is now being made."--Publisher's website.

Download or read book Regionally Adaptable Ground motion Prediction Equations GMPEs for Seismic Hazard Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adjustment of empirically derived ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs), from a data- rich region/site where they have been derived to a data-poor region/site, is one of the major challenges associated with the current practice of seismic hazard analysis. Due to the fre- quent use in engineering design practices the GMPEs are often derived for response spectral ordinates (e.g., spectral acceleration) of a single degree of freedom (SDOF) oscillator. The functional forms of such GMPEs are based upon the concepts borrowed from the Fourier spectral representation of ground motion. This assumption regarding the validity of Fourier spectral concepts in the response spectral domain can lead to consequences which cannot be explained physically. In this thesis, firstly results from an investigation that explores the relationship between Fourier and response spectra, and implications of this relationship on the adjustment issues of GMPEs, are presented. The relationship between the Fourier and response spectra is explored by using random ...

Download or read book Advancement of Hazard consistent Ground Motion Selection Methodology written by Ting Lin and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) quantifies the seismic hazard, predicts the structural response, and estimates the damage to building elements, in order to assess the resulting losses in terms of dollars, downtime, and deaths. This dissertation focuses on the ground motion selection that connects seismic hazard and structural response, the first two elements of PBEE, to ensure that the ground motion selection method to obtain structural response results is consistent with probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA). Structure- and site-specific ground motion selection typically requires information regarding the system characteristics of the structure (often through a structural model) and the seismic hazard of the site (often through characterization of seismic sources, their occurrence frequencies, and their proximity to the site). As the ground motion intensity level changes, the target distribution of important ground motion parameters (e.g., magnitude and distance) also changes. With the quantification of contributing ground motion parameters at a specific spectral acceleration (Sa) level, a target response spectrum can be computed using a single or multiple ground motion prediction models (GMPMs, previously known as attenuation relations). Ground motions are selected from a ground motion database, and their response spectra are scaled to match the target response spectrum. These ground motions are then used as seismic inputs to structural models for nonlinear dynamic analysis, to obtain structural response under such seismic excitations. This procedure to estimate structural response results at a specific intensity level is termed an intensity-based assessment. When this procedure is repeated at different intensity levels to cover the frequent to rare levels of ground motion (expressed in terms of Sa), a risk-based assessment can be performed by integrating the structural response results at each intensity level with their corresponding seismic hazard occurrence (through the seismic hazard curve). This dissertation proposes a more rigorous ground motion selection methodology which will carefully examine the aleatory uncertainties from ground motion parameters, incorporate the epistemic uncertainties from multiple GMPMs, make adaptive changes to ground motions at various intensity levels, and use the Conditional Spectrum (CS) as the new target spectrum. The CS estimates the distribution (with mean and standard deviation) of the response spectrum, conditioned on the occurrence of a target Sa value at the period of interest. By utilizing the correlation of Sa values across periods, the CS removes the conservatism from the Uniform Hazard Spectrum (which assumes equal probabilities of exceedance of Sa at all periods) when used as a target for ground motion selection, and more realistically captures the Sa distributions away from the conditioning period. The variability of the CS can be important in structural response estimation and collapse prediction. To account for the spectral variability, aleatory and epistemic uncertainties can be incorporated to compute a CS that is fully consistent with the PSHA calculations upon which it is based. Furthermore, the CS is computed based on a specified conditioning period, whereas structures under consideration may be sensitive to multiple periods of excitation. Questions remain regarding the appropriate choice of conditioning period when utilizing the CS as the target spectrum. To advance the computation and the use of the CS in ground motion selection, contributions have been made in the following areas: The computation of the CS has been refined by incorporating multiple causal earthquakes and GMPMs. Probabilistic seismic hazard deaggregation of GMPMs provides the essential input for such refined CS computation that maintains the rigor of PSHA. It is shown that when utilizing the CS as the target spectrum, risk-based assessments are relatively insensitive to the choice of conditioning period when ground motions are carefully selected to ensure hazard consistency. Depending on the conditioning period, the structural analysis objective, and the target response spectrum, conclusions regarding appropriate procedures for selecting ground motions may differ.

Download or read book Empirical Ground motion Models for Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis written by Nicolas M. Kuehn and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Seismic Hazard Assessment in Site Evaluation for Nuclear Installations written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The objective of this publication is to provide the state-of-the-art practice and detailed technical elements related to ground motion evaluation by ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) and site response in the context of seismic hazard assessments as recommended in IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SSG-9, Seismic Hazards in Site Evaluation for Nuclear Installations. The publication includes the basics of GMPEs, ground motion simulation, selection and adjustment of GMPEs, site characterization, and modelling of site response in order to improve seismic hazard assessment. The text aims at delineating the most important aspects of these topics (including current practices, criticalities and open problems) within a coherent framework. In particular, attention has been devoted to filling conceptual gaps. It is written as a reference text for trained users who are responsible for planning preparatory seismic hazard analyses for siting of all nuclear installations and/or providing constraints for anti-seismic design and retrofitting of existing structures."--Publisher's description.

Download or read book A GROUND MOTION PREDICTION MODEL FOR SMALL TO MODERATE INDUCED EARTHQUAKES FOR CENTRAL AND EASTERN UNITED STATES AND GROUND MOTION MODEL RANKING written by Zoya Farajpour and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation concerns developing a new ground motion model (GMM) for small to moderate potentially induced seismic events in Central and Eastern United States (CEUS) and ranking worldwide and local GMMs for Iran. The body of research work is carried out in two related studies.The first study presents a new GMM. The proposed model is developed considering induced and potentially induced seismic events in CEUS. For this study, a comprehensive flatfile of potentially induced ground motions for moment magnitudes (Mw) between 3 and 6 and distances of less than 200 km is used. The Pezeshk et al. (2018) model, which is a hybrid empirical method, is selected as the base model for the development of the new GMM. The Pezeshk et al. (2018) model was developed and was calibrated for tectonic events in CEUS as part of the Pacific Engineering Earthquake Center (PEER) Next Generation of Attenuation (NGA) project referred to as the NGA-East project. This study follows the mixed-effect regression procedure to find the proposed model coefficients. The newly developed GMM is derived for peak ground acceleration and response-spectral ordinates at periods ranging from 0.01 to 10.0s, MW ranging from 3.0 to 5.8, and hypocentral distances of up to 200 km. As part of this study, the strength of the newly proposed model is discussed by performing a set of comprehensive residual analyses. In the second study, recently developed worldwide and local GMMs are selected, and the capabilities of these models for seismic hazard analysis in Iran are evaluated. The data-driven selection methods scores determine the GMM weights for applying in seismic hazard forecasts. This study is based on an independent test database of recently recorded major earthquakes in Iran, such as the 12 November 2017 MW 7.3 Ezgeleh earthquake and the 25 November 2018 MW 6.3 Sarpol-e Zahab earthquake, along with the several earthquake events from 2000 to 2019. Three data-driven selection methods, including the Log-Likelihood (LLH) method, the Euclidean Distance-based Ranking (EDR) method, and the Deviance Information Criterion (DIC) method, were employed..

Download or read book Review of Recommendations for Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis written by National Research Council (U.S.). Panel on Seismic Hazard Evaluation and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Earthquake Hazard Analysis written by Leon Reiter and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: -- Science

Download or read book An Introduction to Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis written by J. Paul Guyer, P.E., R.A. and published by Guyer Partners. This book was released on 2020-07-22 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introductory technical guidance for civil, geotechnical and structural engineers interested in earthquake hazard analysis. Here is what is discussed: 1. OVERVIEW OF PROBABILISTIC SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS (PSHA) METHODOLOGY 2. CHARACTERIZING SEISMIC SOURCES FOR PSHA 3. GROUND MOTION ATTENUATION CHARACTERIZATION FOR PSHA 4. TREATMENT OF SCIENTIFIC UNCERTAINTY IN PSHA 5. DEVELOPMENT OF SITE-SPECIFIC RESPONSE SPECTRA FROM PSHA 6. DEVELOPMENT OF ACCELEROGRAMS 7. SUMMARY OF STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF DSHA AND PSHA.

Download or read book Handbook of Seismic Risk Analysis and Management of Civil Infrastructure Systems written by S Tesfamariam and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-04-30 with total page 920 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earthquakes represent a major risk to buildings, bridges and other civil infrastructure systems, causing catastrophic loss to modern society. Handbook of seismic risk analysis and management of civil infrastructure systems reviews the state of the art in the seismic risk analysis and management of civil infrastructure systems. Part one reviews research in the quantification of uncertainties in ground motion and seismic hazard assessment. Part twi discusses methodologies in seismic risk analysis and management, whilst parts three and four cover the application of seismic risk assessment to buildings, bridges, pipelines and other civil infrastructure systems. Part five also discusses methods for quantifying dependency between different infrastructure systems. The final part of the book considers ways of assessing financial and other losses from earthquake damage as well as setting insurance rates. Handbook of seismic risk analysis and management of civil infrastructure systems is an invaluable guide for professionals requiring understanding of the impact of earthquakes on buildings and lifelines, and the seismic risk assessment and management of buildings, bridges and transportation. It also provides a comprehensive overview of seismic risk analysis for researchers and engineers within these fields. This important handbook reviews the wealth of recent research in the area of seismic hazard analysis in modern earthquake design code provisions and practices Examines research into the analysis of ground motion and seismic hazard assessment, seismic risk hazard methodologies Addresses the assessment of seismic risks to buildings, bridges, water supply systems and other aspects of civil infrastructure

Download or read book Ground Motion Variability and Its Effect on the Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis written by Vasily Pavlenko and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The majority of injuries and casualties during earthquakes occur as a result of partial or complete collapse of buildings. The assessment of possible seismic ground motions for the purposes of earthquake-resistant design can be performed by following the deterministic or probabilistic methodology. Chapter 1 presents an overview of the current practice in seismic hazard analysis with emphasis on PSHA. At present, the Cornell-McGuire method prevails in PSHA studies. Despite significant development and modifications, this method has several controversial aspects. Absence of an upper bound of the seismic hazard curve is one of the most disputable aspects of the method, as it leads to unrealistic ground motion estimates for very low probabilities of exceedance. This problem stems from using the unbounded log-normal distribution in the modelling of the ground motion variability. The main objective of the study was to investigate this variability and suggest a more realistic probability distribution which would allow accounting for the finiteness of the ground motion induced by earthquake. Chapter 2 introduces the procedure that is suitable for studying the ground motion variability. Given the data sample, this procedure allows selecting the most plausible probability distribution from a set of candidate models. Chapter 3 demonstrates the application of this procedure to PGA data recorded in Japan. This analysis demonstrated the superiority of the GEVD in the vast majority of considered examples. Estimates of the shape parameter of the GEVD were negative in every considered example, indicating the presence of a finite upper bound of PGA. Therefore, the GEVD provides a model that is more realistic for the scatter of the logarithm of PGA, and the application of this model leads to a bounded seismic hazard curve. In connection with a revival of interest in seismic intensity as an analogue for physical ground motion parameters, the problem of accounting for anisotropy in the attenuation of MMI is considered in Chapter 4. A set of four equations that could account for this anisotropy was proposed and the applicability of these equations was demonstrated by modelling the isoseismal maps of two well-recorded seismic events that have occurred in South Africa. The results demonstrated that, in general, the new equations were superior to the isotropic attenuation equation, especially as regards to the pronounced anisotropy. As several different PSHA methods exist, it is important to know how the results of application of these methods corresponded to each other. Chapter 5 presents the comparative study of three major PSHA methods, namely, the Cornell-McGuire method, the Parametric-Historic method, and the method based on Monte Carlo simulations. Two regions in Russia were selected for comparison, and the PGA estimates were compared for return periods of 475 and 2475 years. The results indicated that the choice of a particular method for conducting PSHA has relatively little effect on the hazard estimates when the same seismic source model was used in the calculations. The considered PSHA methods would provide closely related results for areas of moderate seismic activity; however, the difference among the results would apparently increase with increasing seismic activity.

Download or read book Recent Advances in Earthquake Engineering in Europe written by Kyriazis D. Pitilakis and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of invited lectures including the 5th Nicholas Ambraseys distinguished lecture, four keynote lectures and twenty-two thematic lectures presented at the 16th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, held in Thessaloniki, Greece, in June 2018. The lectures are put into chapters written by the most prominent internationally recognized academics, scientists, engineers and researchers in Europe. They address a comprehensive collection of state-of-the-art and cutting-edge topics in earthquake engineering, engineering seismology and seismic risk assessment and management. The book is of interest to civil engineers, engineering seismologists, seismic risk managers, policymakers and consulting companies covering a wide spectrum of fields from geotechnical and structural earthquake engineering, to engineering seismology and seismic risk assessment and management. Scientists, professional engineers, researchers, civil protection policymakers and students interested in the seismic design of civil engineering structures and infrastructures, hazard and risk assessment, seismic mitigation policies and strategies, will find in this book not only the most recent advances in the state-of-the-art, but also new ideas on future earthquake engineering and resilient design of structures.