Download or read book Greenfield Foreign Direct Investment and Mergers and Acquisitions written by C??sar Calder??n and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foreign direct investment (FDI) flows to developing countries surged in the 1990s to become their leading source of external financing. This rise in FDI volume was accompanied by a marked change in its composition: investment taking the form of acquisition of existing assets (mergers and acquisitions) grew much more rapidly than investment in new assets ("greenfield" FDI), particularly in countries undertaking extensive privatization of public enterprises. This raises two issues. First, is the mergers and acquisitions boom a one-time effect of privatization, or is it likely to be followed by a rise in greenfield investment? Second, do these two types of FDI have different macroeconomic causes and consequences in relation to aggregate investment and growth? The authors focus on establishing the stylized facts in terms of time precedence between both types of FDI, investment, and growth, using annual data for the period 1987-2001 and a large sample of industrial and developing countries. The authors find that in all samples, higher mergers and acquisitions is typically followed by higher greenfield investment, while the reverse is true only for developing countries. In industrial and developing countries alike, both types of FDI lead domestic investment, but not the reverse. Finally, neither type of FDI appears to precede economic growth in developing or industrial countries, but FDI does respond positively to increases in the growth rate.
Download or read book Greenfield Foreign Direct Investment and Mergers and Acquisitions written by César Calderón and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Greenfield Foreign Direct Investment and Mergers and Acquisitions written by Norman Loayza and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foreign direct investment (FDI) flows to developing countries surged in the 1990s to become their leading source of external financing. This rise in FDI volume was accompanied by a marked change in its composition: investment taking the form of acquisition of existing assets (mergers and acquisitions) grew much more rapidly than investment in new assets (quot;greenfieldquot; FDI), particularly in countries undertaking extensive privatization of public enterprises. This raises two issues. First, is the mergers and acquisitions boom a one-time effect of privatization, or is it likely to be followed by a rise in greenfield investment? Second, do these two types of FDI have different macroeconomic causes and consequences in relation to aggregate investment and growth? Calderon, Loayza, and Serven focus on establishing the stylized facts in terms of time precedence between both types of FDI, investment, and growth, using annual data for the period 1987-2001 and a large sample of industrial and developing countries. The authors find that in all samples higher mergers and acquisitions is typically followed by higher greenfield investment, while the reverse is true only for developing countries. In industrial and developing countries alike, both types of FDI lead domestic investment, but not the reverse. Finally, neither type of FDI appears to precede economic growth in developing or industrial countries, but FDI does respond positively to increases in the growth rate.This paper - a product of Macroeconomics and Growth, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand international capital flows.
Download or read book Mergers and Acquisitions as the Pillar of Foreign Direct Investment written by A. Bitzenis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-07-26 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive volume tackles all aspects of Mergers and Acquisitions activity - including regional concentration of M&As at a global level, the impact of the economic crisis, and theoretical concepts and practical applications.
Download or read book Competitive Conditions for Foreign Direct Investment in India Staff Research Study 30 written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Strategic International Management written by Dirk Morschett and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-19 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Strategic International Management” takes a global perspective and covers the major aspects of international business strategies, the coordination of international companies and the particularities of international value chain activities and management functions. The book provides a thorough understanding of how Production & Sourcing, Research & Development, Marketing, Human Resource Management and Controlling have to be designed in an international company and what models are available to understand those activities in an international context. The book offers 20 lessons that provide a comprehensive overview of all key issues. Each lesson is accompanied by a case study from an international company to facilitate the understanding of all important factors involved in strategic international management.
Download or read book Cross Border Mergers and Greenfield Foreign Direct Investment written by Ignat Stepanok and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents a model of international trade and foreign direct investment (FDI), where FDI is comprised of greenfield FDI and mergers and acquisitions (M&A). In a monopolistically competitive environment merging firms do not reduce competition. Mergers are motivated by efficiency gains and transfer of technology. Following empirical evidence, greenfield investors are modeled as more productive than M&A firms, which are in turn more productive than exporters. The model has two symmetric countries and generates two-way flows of both M&A and greenfield FDI. Trade liberalization makes more firms choose greenfield FDI over M&A and leads to lower productivity and welfare.
Download or read book Global Investment Competitiveness Report 2019 2020 written by World Bank Group and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-07-06 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Global Investment Competitiveness Report 2019-2020 provides novel analytical insights, empirical evidence, and actionable recommendations for governments seeking to enhance investor confidence in times of uncertainty. The report's findings and policy recommendations are organized around "3 ICs" - they provide guidance to governments on how to increase investments' contributions to their country's development, enhance investor confidence, and foster their economies' investment competitiveness. The report presents results of a new survey of more than 2,400 business executives representing FDI in 10 large developing countries: Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Thailand, Turkey, and Vietnam. The results show that over half of surveyed foreign businesses have already been adversely affected by policy uncertainty, experiencing a decrease in employment, firm productivity, or investment. Foreign investors report that supporting political environments, stable macroeconomic conditions, and conducive regulatory regimes are their top three investment decision factors. Moreover, the report's new global database of regulatory risk shows that predictability and transparency increase investor confidence and FDI flows. The report also assesses the impact of FD! on poverty, inequality, employment, and firm performance using evidence from various countries. It shows that FDI in developing countries yields benefits to their firms and citizens-including more and better-paid jobs-but governments need to be vigilant about possible adverse consequences on income distribution. The report is organized in S chapters: Chapter 1 presents the results of the foreign investor survey. Chapter 2 explores the differential performance and development impact of greenfield FDI, local firms acquired by multinational corporations {i.e. brownfield FDI), and domestically-owned firms using evidence from six countries. Chapter 3 assesses the impact of FDI on poverty, inequality, employment and wages, using case study evidence from Ethiopia, Turkey and Vietnam. Chapter 4 presents a new framework to measure FDI regulatory risk that is linked to specific legal and regulatory measures. Chapter S focuses on factors for increasing the effectiveness of investment promotion agencies.
Download or read book Special Issue Foreign Direct Investment written by Sajal Lahiri and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Foreign Direct Investment written by Kenneth A. Froot and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, foreign direct investment (FDI) around the world has nearly tripled, and with this surge have come dramatic shifts in FDI flows. In Foreign Direct Investment, distinguished economists look at changes in FDI, including historical trends, specific country experiences, developments in the semiconductor industry, and variations in international mergers and acquisitions. Chapters cover such topics as theoretical accounts of FDI patterns, the growth of multinational enterprises, and the FDI experiences of Japan, the United States, and selected developing countries. This volume will interest economists, government officials, and business people concerned with FDI today.
Download or read book Greenfield Investment Versus Acquisition written by Ben Ferrett and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Foreign Direct Investment FDI Necessary Considerations of a Transnational Company written by Nicolas Breitfeld and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2010-03 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2009 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1,7, Berlin School of Economics and Law (Institute of Management), course: International Finance, language: English, abstract: Geneva, 24 June 2009 -- Global foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) - the main mode of FDI - drastically declined in the last quarter of 2008, and the fall has continued into 2009, UNCTAD data reveal. FDI inflows dropped by 54% and M&As by 77% during the first quarter of 2009 as compared to the same period last year. Prospects for FDI will remain gloomy for the rest of the year, UNCTAD economists say (UNCTAD, 2009). Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is defined by the IMF as an international investment of one company with the intention of lasting relationship. This investment has to exceed 10% of equity of the target company. Also an ambition of the management for influence should be visible. This makes the difference to a portfolio investment (IMF, 1993). The following list summarizes major requirements: - Transfer of capital - Control investment - A source of funds for foreign operations - A balance of payments flow Before the financial crisis hit the world economy, FDI was one of the major drivers of globalization and continuously increasing with high growth rates. FDI flows over a long period of time even increased faster than world GDP growth. But as reported from the UNCTAD World Investment Report 2009 85% of Transnational Corporations (TNC)3 worldwide are negatively affected by the financial crisis with respective negative impacts on their investment decisions. This shortfall has also consequences to the landscape of FDI. The USA are still number one in FDI flows but a lot of emerging countries have risen in the list of top FDI inflows. This is another hint for the changes in the world. The emerging markets will more and more take over a leading position in world economics and als
Download or read book Migrant Networks Greenfield FDI and Cross Border Mergers and Acquisitions written by Jackie Chan and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the relationship between international migration and foreign direct investment (FDI), differentiating between the two modes of entry: Greenfield FDI and cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A). Each mode may face different formal and informal information barriers, from regulations, laws, cultural differences, as well as the information intensity required in the transaction. Using data on overseas Chinese migrant networks and outward FDI from 2003-2014 to over 100 countries, we estimate a gravity equation for FDI. We find a positive association between overseas Chinese migrant networks and Chinese outward FDI, and importantly, they are more closely associated with M&A than Greenfield FDI. The relationships are more pronounced where formal and informal barriers are stronger: in host countries with tighter regulations and those that are more culturally distant, in service industries and cross-industry FDI, and for investment from privately held companies and privately-owned enterprises. The results are robust to various specifications and estimation methods, including an instrumental variables approach that addresses potential endogeneity concerns.
Download or read book Greenfield FDI Vs Mergers and Acquisitions Does the Distinction Matter written by César Calderón and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Corporate Globalization Through Mergers and Acquisitions written by Leonard Waverman and published by [Calgary] : University of Calgary Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document contains papers on the following: recent trends in merger and acquisition activity in Canadian and selected countries; patterns and motivations in Canadian acquisitions abroad; foreign ownership and corporate strategy; foreign multinational enterprises and merger activity in Canada; hostile takeovers; taxation and Canada-U.S. cross-border acquisitions; and mergers and acquisitions and the public interest.
Download or read book An Assignment Theory of Foreign Direct Investment written by Volker Nocke and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "We develop an assignment theory to analyze the volume and composition of foreign direct investment (FDI). Firms conduct FDI by either engaging in greenfield investment or in cross-border acquisitions. Cross-border acquisitions involve firms trading heterogeneous corporate assets to exploit complementarities, while greenfield FDI involves building a new plant in the foreign market. In equilibrium, greenfield FDI and cross-border acquisitions co-exist, but the composition of FDI between these modes varies with firm and country characteristics. Firms engaging in greenfield investment are systematically more efficient than those engaging in cross-border acquisitions. Furthermore, most FDI takes the form of cross-border acquisitions when factor price differences between countries are small, while greenfield investment plays a more important role for FDI from high-wage into low-wage countries. These results capture important features of the data"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site.
Download or read book Tax Competition for Foreign Direct Investment written by Xiaoxuan Ji and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the present dissertation, we study tax competitions for foreign direct investment, which includes the study of greenfield investment with the firm's ownership problem and the cross-border merger and acquisition (M&A). It sheds light on the literature of public finance, international economics, and industrial organization. In chapter 1, we develop an open economy model with two segmented countries and one monopoly firm which registered in one of the countries. Our results show that when there is an exogenous transportation cost when exporting, the market size plays an important role in tax competition, however, when there is an endogenous tariff determined optimally by each country, the market size does not matter in the tax competition. Chapter 2 and 3 study the tax competition for a post-cross-border merger and acquisition firm, which the firm has three location options, located in either of the countries or both. We found that when the governments have two tax instruments, the lump-sum tax and tariff, the market size and price policy play an important role in tax competition. Moreover, when the governments utilize the lump-sum tax as the only instrument for tax competition, both the firm and countries will be better off when the firm keeps both plants.
