Download or read book Green Weight Volume and Taper Equations for Virginia Pine Pinus Virginiana in the Piedmont Region of North Carolina written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana) is a prolific pioneer tree species in the Piedmont region of North Carolina that has the potential to be a commercially important tree species. Reliable estimates of weight, stem volume and taper are needed for proper management of approximately 405,000 acres of Virginia pine presently located in the North Carolina Piedmont region. A study was conducted to derive merchantable green weight and merchantable volume equations to any upper stem diameter or height for Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana) across the Piedmont region of North Carolina. Models were derived from data collected at the North Carolina State University?s Hill Demonstration Forest. For total and merchantable green weight models, 100 Virginia pine trees were destructively sampled and weighed. Fixed and mixed effects models were fit and prediction equations were developed for total green weight, green weight to any merchantable outside bark or inside bark diameters, and green weight to any upper merchantable height. Combined variable equations, nonlinear ratio equations and nonlinear exponential ratio equations were fit to these data. Using AIC and minus two log likelihood as the criterion for model fit, the mixed effects ratio model proved superior for predicting green weight to any upper merchantable height, while the mixed effects exponential ratio model was superior for predicting green weight to any upper diameter (outside or inside bark). For merchantable volume, 105 Virginia pine trees were sampled to obtain outside and inside bark diameters to estimate stem volume. A combined variable equation was used to determine both inside and outside bark total volume. Fixed and mixed effects models were fit and prediction equations were developed for merchantable volume outside bark to any upper merchantable diameter outside bark and inside bark volume to any upper merchantable diameter inside bark. Equations to predict merchantable outside and inside bark volume to any uppe.
Download or read book Green Weight Volume and Taper Equations for Virginia Pine Pinus Virginiana in the Piedmont Region of North Carolina written by John William Adams and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: green weight, mixed effects modeling, fixed effects modeling.
Download or read book Stem Volume Taper and Weight Equations for Site prepared Loblolly Pine Plantations written by Leon Visser Pienaar and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book PINEVOL written by Daniel J. Leduc and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taper functions describe a model of the actual geometric shape of a tree. When this shape is assumed to be known, volume by any log rule and to any merchantability standard can be calculated. PINEVOL is a computer program for calculating the volume of the major southern pines using species-specific bole taper functions. It can use the Doyle, Scribner, or International -inch log rules or calculate solid wood volume inside or outside of bark. This document describes the methods used in volume calculation in PINEVOL and is a program users guide.
Download or read book Green and Dry Stem Weight Equations for Site prepared Slash Pine Plantations in the Coastal Plain of Georgia and North Florida written by William Robert Queen and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Individual tree Green Weight Equations and Tables for Loblolly Pine pinus Taeda L Sawtimber in the Coastal Plain of Arkansas written by Travis Posey and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Compatible Taper And Stem Outside Bark Volume Equations For Five Pine Species In Mexico written by Dehai Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taper and volume equations are essential components of forest inventory, growth and yield prediction, and forest management-planning in mixed-species forests. Ten taper and stem outside-bark equations system derived from upper-height-based volume ratio functions were compared with a segmented compatible taper-volume system. All compatible systems were simultaneously fit to taper and stem outside-bark volume data of 46, 51, 69, 26 and 30 trees of Arizona pine, Aztec pine, Durango pine, Mexican white pine, and Smooth-leaved pine, respectively in mixed-species forests in Durango, Mexico. Total stem outside-bark volume and cumulative volume from the butt to successive bolt heights were calculated using the overlapping bolts method. In general, the systems derived from volume ratio equations performed better than the segmented compatible taper-volume system for most species with good of fit statistics such as the average error, relative error, standard error of estimate, relative standard error of estimate, and Akaikeu2019s information criterion. The resultant top three systems might be easier to implement than the segmented compatible taper-volume system for predicting upper-stem height, upper-stem diameter, variable-top merchantable volume and total stem outside-bark volume for considered species.
Download or read book Volume and Dry Weight Prediction with Alterable Utilization Standards for Five Hardwood Species in Southeastern United States written by Hilton Thadeu Zarate Do Couto and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most important finding from this is work is that the direct estimation of volume and dry weight with alterable utilization standards is possible without the use of taper curves.In general, taper curves are cumbersome and complex and the estimation of volume is done trought the integration of the equation between two specified points.From the three most accepted geometric forms,viz, para boloid, conoid, and neiloid,the paraboloid seems to provide the best models for the desired volume estimation for the hardwood data considered. Its is simpler in form, has the same predictive ability as the conoid model and better than the neiloid model, and has lees problems with multicolinearaty. The paaramenters of the model that predict volume as a function of Height (wiht D anoH) can be estimated directly trough and ordinary least squares procedure, while the paramenters of the model that predicts volume as a function of top diameter (With D and H) must be estimated by a two-stange least squares procedure. The first equation in the two-stage procedure is the combined variables model that estimates total volume and the secondone is the equation derived for the paraboloid. Another finding of this study is that the pooling of regression equations for some species as wellas form some sites was posible. The possibility of grouping green ash with sweetgum was expectted because of shade intolerance of both.In relation to site, Black River Bottom can be pooled with wet and Branch Bottom. Branch Bottom,by definition,is very close to Black River Botom but on a much smaller scale. A probable reason for including the wet flat site in this group is the similarity in specion. Both Shade intolerance and species composition may influence the form of the trees. The Equations 57 through 62 were applied to the following site and species combinations: Black River Bottom, Wet Flat and Branch Botom - Green Ash, Sweetgum, Red Maple, Water-willow Oak;Bottomland,Green Ash,Sweetgum, Red Maple, American Sycamore, Water-Willow Oak.In general, the models that estimate volume or dry weight as a function of height give better predictive ability,i.e, the absolute deviations for the sections of relative height are smaller than for the models that estimate volume or dry weight as function of top diameter. Future studies are recommended using the same methodology and models for other species,particularly of the genus Pinus a more emphansis to the differences among them. No model is no exception. But the approach followed in this work is a new look into volume and dry weight prediction that shows promise, with some refinement, for use in forest surveys.
Download or read book Utilization of the Southern Pines Processing written by Peter Koch and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 944 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Southern Pines written by Harold Scofield Betts and published by . This book was released on 1945 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Supporting Roots of Trees and Woody Plants Form Function and Physiology written by A. Stokes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication comprises the proceedings of the first International Conference devoted to the structural roots of trees and woody plants. 'The Supporting Roots - Structure and Function,' 20-24 July 1998, Bordeaux, France. The meeting was held under the auspices ofIUFRO WPS 2. 01. 13 'Root Physiology and Symbiosis,' and its aim was to bring together scientific researchers, foresters and arboriculturalists, to discuss current problems in structural root research and disseminate knowledge to an audience from a wide disciplinary background. For the first time in an international conference, emphasis was placed on presenting recent reseach in the field of tree anchorage mechanics and root biomechanics. The way in which tree stability can be affected by root system symmetry and architecture was addressed, as well as how movement during wind sway can influence the development and shape of woody roots. The role of different nursery and planting techniques was discussed, in relation to effects on root system form and development. Root response to different environmental stresses, including water, temperature, nutrient and mechanical stress was addressed in detail. The structure and function of woody roots was also considered at different levels, from coarse to fine roots, with several papers discussing the interaction between roots and the rhizosphere. One of the conference highlights was the presentation of new methods in root research, by a series of workshops held at LRBB-INRA, Pierroton, on the northern border of the Gascony forest.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Tree Ring Research written by James H. Speer and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2021-11-30 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tree-ring dating (dendrochronology) is a method of scientific dating based on the analysis of tree-ring growth patterns. As author James Speer notes, trees are remarkable bioindicators. Although there are other scientific means of dating climatic and environmental events, dendrochronology provides the most reliable of all paleorecords. Dendrochronology can be applied to very old trees to provide long-term records of past temperature, rainfall, fire, insect outbreaks, landslides, hurricanes, and ice storms--to name only a few events. This comprehensive text addresses all of the subjects that a reader who is new to the field will need to know and will be a welcome reference for practitioners at all levels. It includes a history of the discipline, biological and ecological background, principles of the field, basic scientific information on the structure and growth of trees, the complete range of dendrochronology methods, and a full description of each of the relevant subdisciplines. Individual chapters address the composition of wood, methods of field and laboratory study, dendroarchaeology, dendroclimatology, dendroecology, dendrogeomorphology, and dendrochemistry. The book also provides thorough introductions to common computer programs and methods of statistical analysis. In the final chapter, the author describes "frontiers in dendrochronology," with an eye toward future directions in the field. He concludes with several useful appendixes, including a listing of tree and shrub species that have been used successfully by dendrochronologists. Throughout, photographs and illustrations visually represent the state of knowledge in the field.
Download or read book Biodiversity and Coarse Woody Debris in Southern Forests written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1996 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Primary Productivity of the Biosphere written by H. Lieth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The period since World War II, and especially the last decade influenced by the International Biological Program, has seen enormous growth in research on the function of ecosystems. The same period has seen an exponential' rise in environmental problems including the capacity of the Earth to support man's population. The concern extends to man's effects on the "biosphere"-the film of living organisms on the Earth's surface that supports man. The common theme of ecologic research and environmental concerns is primary production the binding of sunlight energy into organic matter by plants that supports all life. Many results from the IBP remain to be synthesized, but enough data are available from that program and other research to develop a convincing sum mary of the primary production of the biosphere-the purpose of this book. The book had its origin in the parallel interests of the two editors and Gene E. Likens, which led them to prepare a symposium on the topic at the Second Biological Congress of the American Institute of Biological Sciences in Miami, Florida, October 24, 1971. Revisions of the papers presented at that symposium appear as Chapters 2, 8, 9, 10, and 15 in this book. We have added other chapters that complement this core; these include discussion and evaluation of methods for measuring productivity and regional production, current findings on tropical productivity, and models of primary productivity.
Download or read book Southern Forest Science written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Southern forests provide innumerable benefits. Forest scientists, managers, owners, and users have in common the desire to improve the condition of these forests and the ecosystems they support. A first step is to understand the contributions science has made and continues to make to the care and management of forests. This book represents a celebration of past accomplishments, summarizes the current state of knowledge, and creates a vision for the future of southern forestry research and management. Chapters are organized into seven sections: "Looking Back," "Productivity," "Forest Health," "Water and Soils," "Socioeconomic," "Biodiversity," and "Climate Change." Each section is preceded by a brief introductory chapter. Authors were encouraged to focus on the most important aspects of their topics; citations are included to guide readers to further information."
Download or read book Silvics of Forest Trees of the United States written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 780 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wild Pigs in the United States written by John J. Mayer and published by University of Georgia Press. This book was released on 2008-03-01 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an estimated population of at least 500,000 distributed across nineteen states, the wild-living pig (Sus scrofa) is the most abundant free-ranging introduced ungulate in the United States. Until now, however, little has been known about the wild pig on a national scale, despite its abundance and significance as both a pest and a game animal. Whereas previous studies have been regional in scope, Wild Pigs in the United States is the most comprehensive work available on wild pig history, current status, comparative morphology, and other subjects important to the species' management and control. The information in this volume relates to the country's three prevalent wild pig types: the introduced Eurasian wild boar, the feral (once domestic, now wild) hog, and hybrids of the two. The first section of the book presents a history of wild pigs in this country-their origins; when, where, and by whom they were first introduced; and their subsequent dispersal. John J. Mayer and I. Lehr Brisbin, Jr. then develop specific criteria, based on taxonomic principles, for differentiating between the wild pig types. Employing numerous illustrations, graphs, and tables, they analyze and compare morphometric and discrete characters of the skull, external body dimensions and proportions, coat colorations patterns, and hair structure and form. A report on the status of wild pig populations in the United States (as of 1991) completes the volume. To profile the present ranges, habitats, and morphotypic makeups of wild pigs, the authors conducted two national surveys--in 1981 and 1988--among private individuals and federal and state personnel. Their report is also based on other recent wild pig studies and additional information from survey respondents. The book's reference section is particularly valuable, for its lists all sources consulted as well as the names and addresses of authorities the authors interviewed or with whom they corresponded. Aided by the book's wealth of current data, biologists and wildlife managers can make informed decisions about such issues as state versus private ownership of wild pig populations and the status of wild pigs as pests or game animals. In addition, hunters and sportsmen, zoologists, and even specialized historians and archaeologists will find Wild Pigs in the United States useful and informative.
