Download or read book Labile and Total Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics in Two Grassland Ecosystems written by Douglas Walter Grant and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Grassland Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics written by Wylie Harris and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant production and soil microbial biomass (SMB) in grassland ecosystems are linked by flows of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) between the two groups of organisms. In native mixed grasslands of the southern Great Plains, these cycles are strongly influenced by climate. They may also be modulated by the timing and intensity of disturbances such as fire and clipping. We assessed the relative influence of climate and disturbance on plant community and soil C and N dynamics. Combined effects of fire and clipping were assessed in a 2x3 factorial design including spring fire and light clipping or continuous clipping. Seasonal fire effects were evaluated in a one-way analysis incorporating spring and fall fire in unclipped plots. Plant cover and biomass (by functional type), litter mass, SMB C and N, soil density fraction concentration and composition, soil organic C, total N, and inorganic N, soil temperature and moisture, soil respiration, and net N mineralization were measured at monthly intervals. C4 grasses were unaffected by fire or clipping, probably as a result of summer drought in both study years. Clipping reduced cover of C3 annual grasses but increased that of C3 perennials, resulting in no net change in C3 grass biomass. Fire did not affect C3 grass cover or biomass. Both fire and clipping reduced litter mass. This was reflected in seasonal declines in SMB C in fire treatments, suggesting that the primary input of microbial C in this ecosystem occurs by decomposition of current-season plant litter. Litter removal offers a single mechanism by which fire-induced increases in soil temperature and reductions in light soil density fraction concentration, soil moisture, and net N mineralization rates may be explained. Lack of treatment effects on soil respiration rates suggest that plant roots represent an important component of the plant-soil C cycle, not quantified in this research. Overall, treatment effects were relatively minor compared to seasonal climate-related changes in response variables, particularly in light of repeated summer drought.
Download or read book Modeling Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics for Soil Management written by M J Shaffer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-08-30 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Good management practices for carbon and nitrogen are vital to crop productivity and soil sustainability, as well as to the reduction of global greenhouse gases and environmental pollution. Since the 1950's, mathematical models have advanced our understanding of carbon and nitrogen cycling at both the micro- and macro-scales. However, many of the models are scattered in the literature, undergo constant modification, and similar models can have different names. Modeling Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics for Soil Management clarifies the confusion by presenting a systematic summary of the various models available. It provides information about strengths and weaknesses, level of complexity, easiness of use, and application range of each model. In nineteen chapters, internationally known model developers and users update you on the current status and future direction of carbon and nitrogen modeling. The book's coverage ranges from theoretical comparison of models to application of models to soil management problems, from laboratory applications to field and watershed scale applications, from short-term simulation to long-term prediction, and from DOS-based computer programs to Object-Oriented and Graphical Interface designs. With this broad scope, Modeling Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics for Soil Management provides the tools to manage complex carbon/nitrogen processes effectively.
Download or read book Soil Management and Climate Change written by Maria Angeles Munoz and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-10-16 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil Management and Climate Change: Effects on Organic Carbon, Nitrogen Dynamics, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions provides a state of the art overview of recent findings and future research challenges regarding physical, chemical and biological processes controlling soil carbon, nitrogen dynamic and greenhouse gas emissions from soils. This book is for students and academics in soil science and environmental science, land managers, public administrators and legislators, and will increase understanding of organic matter preservation in soil and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. Given the central role soil plays on the global carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles and its impact on greenhouse gas emissions, there is an urgent need to increase our common understanding about sources, mechanisms and processes that regulate organic matter mineralization and stabilization, and to identify those management practices and processes which mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, helping increase organic matter stabilization with suitable supplies of available N. - Provides the latest findings about soil organic matter stabilization and greenhouse gas emissions - Covers the effect of practices and management on soil organic matter stabilization - Includes information for readers to select the most suitable management practices to increase soil organic matter stabilization
Download or read book The Australian Soil Classification written by , National Committee on Soil and Terrain and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2016-01-21 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Australian Soil Classification provides a framework for organising knowledge about Australian soils by allocating soils to classes via a key. Since its publication in 1996, this book has been widely adopted and formally endorsed as the official national system. It has provided a means of communication among scientists and land managers and has proven to be of particular value in land resource survey and research programs, environmental studies and education. Classification is a basic requirement of all science and needs to be periodically revised as knowledge increases. This Second Edition of The Australian Soil Classification includes updates from a working group of the National Committee on Soil and Terrain (NCST), especially in regards to new knowledge about acid sulfate soils (sulfidic materials). Modifications include expanding the classification to incorporate different kinds of sulfidic materials, the introduction of subaqueous soils as well as new Vertosol subgroups, new Hydrosol family criteria and the consistent use of the term reticulate. All soil orders except for Ferrosols and Sodosols are affected by the changes.
Download or read book Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics of an Alpine Grassland written by Kyra L. Povirk and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soil Processes and the Carbon Cycle written by Rattan Lal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-02-06 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World soils contain about 1500 gigatons of organic carbon. This large carbon reserve can increase atmospheric concentrations of CO2 by soil misuse or mismanagement, or it can reverse the 'greenhouse' effect by judicious land use and proper soil management. Soil Processes and the Carbon Cycle describes soil processes and their effects on the global carbon cycle while relating soil properties to soil quality and potential and actual carbon reserves in the soil. In addition, this book deals with modeling the carbon cycle in soil, and with methods of soil carbon determinations.
Download or read book Woodland Development and Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics and Storage in a Subtropical Savanna Ecosystem written by Julia Den-Yue Liao and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Woody plant invasion of grasslands is prevalent worldwide, but the biogeochemical consequences of this vegetation shift remain largely unquantified. In the Rio Grande Plains, TX, grasslands and savannas dominated by C4 grasses have undergone succession over the past century to subtropical thorn woodlands dominated by C3 trees/shrubs. To elucidate mechanisms of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total N (STN) storage and dynamics in this ecosystem, I measured the mass and isotopic composition ([o] 13C, 15N) of C and N in whole-soil and soil size/density fractions in chronosequences consisting of remnant grasslands (Time 0) and woody plant stands ranging in age from 10-130 years. Rates of SOC and STN storage averaged 10-30 g C m−2yr−1 and 1-3 g N m−2yr−1, respectively. These accumulation rates increased soil C and N pools 80-200% following woody encroachment. Soil microbial biomass (SMB-C) also increased after woody invasion. Decreasing C[subscript]mic/C [subscript]org and higher qCO2 in woodlands relative to grasslands suggests that woody litter is of poorer quality than grassland litter. Greater SOC and STN following woody invasion may also be due to increased protection of organic matter by stable soil structure. Soil aggregation increased following woody ; however, most of the C and N accumulated in free particulate organic matter (POM) fractions not protected within aggregates. Mean residence times (MRTs) of soil fractions were calculated based on changes in their [o]13C with time after woody encroachment. Free POM had the shortest average MRTs (30 years) and silt+clay the longest (360 years). Fine POM had MRTs of about 60 years, reflecting protection by location within aggregates. [o]15N values of soil fractions were positively correlated with their MRTs, suggesting that higher [o]15N values reflect an increased degree of humification. Increases in SOC and STN are probably being sustained by greater inputs, slower turnover of POM (some biochemical recalcitrance), and protection of organic matter in aggregates and association with silt and clay. Grassland-to-woodland conversion during the past century has been geographically extensive in grassland ecosystems worldwide, suggesting that changes in soil C and N dynamics and storage documented here could have significance for global C and N cycles.
Download or read book Consequences of Land Use Change from Conventional Agriculture to Perennial Grassland for Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics written by Kendra Kay McLauchlan and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soil Carbon Dynamics in a Nitrogen enriched Grassland written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soil Carbon Dynamics in a Nitrogen enriched Grassland microform written by Heidorn, Christina Melanie and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 2000 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Model of Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics for Temparate Grasslands and Forests written by Enrique Gomezdelcampo and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last two decades, the importance of hydrological processes for ecosystem dynamics and the effects of plants on hydrological processes has become increasingly apparent. A better understanding of the relationship between plant growth (carbon and nitrogen distribution) and the hydrological characteristics of a catchment would improve ecological assessments and management of forests and grasslands. TOPDNDC, developed for this study, is a detailed, semi-distributed, quantitative, ecohydrological model for predicting carbon and nitrogen dynamics in small temperate catchments. TOPDNDC establishes an explicit linkage between the biogeochemical process and the hydrology of catchments using the well-known and tested biogeochemical model DNDC and hydrological model TOPMODEL. The new model's ability to predict is assessed against field data. The TOPDNDC computer model does not require use of high performance computers or large and expensive datasets, but it allows investigation in detail of how the locations and spatial patterns of biogeochemical processes shift across watershed topography in response to antecedent conditions and multiple temporal scales. Application of the model to annual biomass production from a grassland shows very good agreement with the field data. The temperate forest simulation showed lesser agreement with field data collected along a transect in a watershed, but was able to reproduce the same patterns found in the field and with high correlations. The difference in the results between the grassland and forest simulations may result, in part, from the intentionally simple link between the lateral and vertical water distribution components of the model.
Download or read book Linking Species Ecosystems written by Clive G. Jones and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I was asked to introduce this volume by examining "why a knowledge of ecosys tem functioning can contribute to understanding species activities, dynamics, and assemblages." I have found it surprisingly difficult to address this topic. On the one hand, the answer is very simple and general: because all species live in ecosystems, they are part of and dependent on ecosystem processes. It is impossible to understand the abundance and distribution of populations and the species diversity and composition of communities without a knowledge of their abiotic and biotic environments and of the fluxes of energy and mat ter through the ecosystems of which they are a part. But everyone knows this. It is what ecology is all about (e.g., Likens, 1992). It is why the discipline has retained its integrity and thrived, despite a sometimes distressing degree of bickering and chauvinism among its various subdisciplines: physiological, be havioral, population, community, and ecosystem ecology.
Download or read book Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics in Flooded Soils written by G. J. D. Kirk and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 2000 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soil Carbon Dynamics in a Nitrogen enriched Grassland written by Christina Melanie Heidorn and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics were investigated in a grassland where 13 years of N fertilization shifted vegetation from C4 to C 3 species. The fraction of organic matter (OM) input retained in the soil ranged from 17 to 28%, and was unaffected by litter quality (C:N ratio). Isotopic composition ([delta]13C) of soil ranged from -19.7 to -24.9‰; there was no isotopic fractionation during formation of SOC from plant inputs. [delta]13C of active and slow SOC pools described by the CENTURY model ([delta]13C active and [delta]13Cslow, respectively) were estimated from soil incubation [delta]13Cslow was strongly correlated to [delta]13C of OM inputs during 13 years. The size of the active pool ranged from 1.9 to 13.6% of total SOC and was related to plant growth and species diversity. [delta]13C active, did not reflect [delta]13C of recent OM inputs. Any interpretation of [delta]13Cactive, must consider the plant and physical conditions when sampling occurred.
Download or read book Carbon and Nitrogen in the Terrestrial Environment written by R. Nieder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-05-30 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon and Nitrogen in the Terrestrial Environment is a comprehensive, interdisciplinary description of C and N fluxes between the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere; issues related to C and N management in different ecosystems and their implications for the environment and global climate change; and the approaches to mitigate emission of greenhouse gases. Drawing upon the most up-to-date books, journals, bulletins, reports, symposia proceedings and internet sources documenting interrelationships between different aspects of C and N cycling in the terrestrial environment, Carbon and Nitrogen in the Terrestrial Environment fills the gap left by most of the currently available books on C and N cycling. They either deal with a single element of an ecosystem, or are related to one or a few selected aspects like soil organic matter (SOM) and agricultural or forest management, emission of greenhouse gases, global climate change or modeling of SOM dynamics.
Download or read book Modeling Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics for Soil Management written by Marvin James Shaffer and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text presents a systematic summarization of the models available to carbon and nitrogen dynamics for soil management, and provides information about the strengths and weaknesses, level of complexity, ease of use and the application range of each model.
