Download or read book Grammatical Framework written by Aarne Ranta and published by Stanford Univ Center for the Study. This book was released on 2011 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grammatical Framework is a programming language designed for writing grammars, which has the capability of addressing several languages in parallel. This thorough introduction demonstrates how to write grammars in Grammatical Framework and use them in applications such as tourist phrasebooks, spoken dialogue systems, and natural language interfaces. The examples and exercises presented here address several languages, and the readers are shown how to look at their own languages from the computational perspective.
Download or read book Grammatical Framework written by Aarne Ranta and published by Stanford Univ Center for the Study. This book was released on 2011 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grammatical Framework is a programming language designed for writing grammars, which has the capability of addressing several languages in parallel. This thorough introduction demonstrates how to write grammars in Grammatical Framework and use them in applications such as tourist phrasebooks, spoken dialogue systems, and natural language interfaces. The examples and exercises presented here address several languages, and the readers are shown how to look at their own languages from the computational perspective.
Download or read book A grammar of Yakkha written by Diana Schackow and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on 2015-10-12 with total page 623 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This grammar provides the first comprehensive grammatical description of Yakkha, a Sino-Tibetan language of the Kiranti branch. Yakkha is spoken by about 14,000 speakers in eastern Nepal, in the Sankhuwa Sabha and Dhankuta districts. The grammar is based on original fieldwork in the Yakkha community. Its primary source of data is a corpus of 13,000 clauses from narratives and naturally-occurring social interaction which the author recorded and transcribed between 2009 and 2012. Corpus analyses were complemented by targeted elicitation. The grammar is written in a functional-typological framework. It focusses on morphosyntactic and semantic issues, as these present highly complex and comparatively under-researched fields in Kiranti languages. The sequence of the chapters follows the well-established order of phonological, morphological, syntactic and discourse-structural descriptions. These are supplemented by a historical and sociolinguistic introduction as well as an analysis of the complex kinship terminology. Topics such as verbal person marking, argument structure, transitivity, complex predication, grammatical relations, clause linkage, nominalization, and the topography-based orientation system have received in-depth treatment. Wherever possible, the structures found were explained in a historical-comparative perspective in order to shed more light on how their particular properties have emerged.
Download or read book Grammatical Constructions written by Mirjam Fried and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2005-12-14 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings into focus the conceptual roots of the notion ‘grammatical construction’ as the theoretical entity that constitutes the backbone of Construction Grammar, a unique grammatical model in which grammatical constructions have the status of elementary building blocks of human language. By exploring the analytic potential and applicability of this notion, the contributions illustrate some of the fundamental concerns of constructional research. These include issues of sentence structure in a model that rejects the autonomy of syntax; the contribution of Frame Semantics in establishing the relationship between syntactic patterning and the lexical meaning of verbs; and the challenge of capturing the dynamic and variable nature of grammatical structure in a systematic way. All the authors share a commitment to studying grammar in its use, which gives the book a rich empirical dimension that draws on authentic data from typologically diverse languages.
Download or read book Grammatical Models of Multi Agent Systems written by Gheorghe Paun and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-02-22 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Containing contributions from both theoretical computer scientists and people working in areas where multi-agent architectures are involved (artificial intelligence, artificial life, linguistics, managing complex systems), this book presents both theoretical developments and applications of grammar systems of various types (cooperating distributed grammar systems, eco-grammar). A survey of notions and results in grammar system theory is included. This book, the first one of its type, is of interest to researchers faced with complex systems which can be approached at a "syntactic" level (as symbol manipulating systems), as a distributed structure, as well as for computer scientists and mathematicians interested in grammar systems theory, who can find here both basic references, recent developments and suggestions for further research and applications.
Download or read book Grammatical Relations written by Clifford S. Burgess and published by Center for the Study of Language (CSLI). This book was released on 1995 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a collection of discussions of grammatical relations and related concepts using current syntactic theory.
Download or read book English Grammar Including Grammatical Analysis written by C. P. Mason and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2024-08-27 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reprint of the original, first published in 1882.
Download or read book Grammaticalization written by Heiko Narrog and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-03-31 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook introduces and explains the fundamental issues, major research questions, and current approaches in the study of grammaticalization - the development of new grammatical forms from lexical items, and of further grammatical functions from existing grammatical forms. Grammaticalization has been a vibrant research field in recent years, and has proven effective in explaining a wide range of phenomena; it has even been claimed that the only true language universals are diachronic, and are related to cross-linguistic processes of grammaticalization. The chapters provide a detailed account of the major issues in the field: foundational questions such as directionality, criteria and parameters of grammaticalization, and phases and cycles; the much-debated issue of the motivations behind grammaticalization, including the role of language contact and typological influences; the advantages and disadvantages of different theoretical approaches; and the relationship between grammaticalization and process such as lexicalization, exaptation, and the development of discourse markers. Each chapter offers guidance on further reading, and concludes with study questions to encourage further discussion; there is also a glossary of key terminology in the field. Thanks to its comprehensive approach, the volume will serve as both a textbook for undergraduate and graduate students and a valuable reference work for researchers in the field.
Download or read book Text Speech and Dialogue written by Petr Sojka and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-09-08 with total page 718 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here are the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Text, Speech and Dialogue, TSD 2006. The book presents 87 revised full papers together with 2 invited papers reviewing state-of-the-art research in the field of natural language processing. Coverage ranges from theoretical and methodological issues to applications with special focus on corpora, texts and transcription, speech analysis, recognition and synthesis, as well as their intertwining within NL dialogue systems.
Download or read book Grammatical Analysis written by Stanley Starosta and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on problems in the morphological and syntactic analysis of certain Asian and Pacific languages, bringing to bear alternative theories of grammar, including relational, categorical, and lexicase dependency grammar, and a whole-word approach to morphology.
Download or read book Implementing Programming Languages written by Aarne Ranta and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Implementing a programming language means bridging the gap from the programmer's high-level thinking to the machine's zeros and ones. If this is done in an efficient and reliable way, programmers can concentrate on the actual problems they have to solve, rather than on the details of machines. But understanding the whole chain from languages to machines is still an essential part of the training of any serious programmer. It will result in a more competent programmer, who will moreover be able to develop new languages. A new language is often the best way to solve a problem, and less difficult than it may sound. This book follows a theory-based practical approach, where theoretical models serve as blueprint for actual coding. The reader is guided to build compilers and interpreters in a well-understood and scalable way. The solutions are moreover portable to different implementation languages. Much of the actual code is automatically generated from a grammar of the language, by using the BNF Converter tool. The rest can be written in Haskell or Java, for which the book gives detailed guidance, but with some adaptation also in C, C++, C#, or OCaml, which are supported by the BNF Converter. The main focus of the book is on standard imperative and functional languages: a subset of C++ and a subset of Haskell are the source languages, and Java Virtual Machine is the main target. Simple Intel x86 native code compilation is shown to complete the chain from language to machine. The last chapter leaves the standard paths and explores the space of language design ranging from minimal Turing-complete languages to human-computer interaction in natural language.
Download or read book Advances in Artificial Intelligence written by Ildar Batyrshin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-14 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two-volume set LNAI 7094 and LNAI 7095 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th Mexican International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, MICAI 2011, held in Puebla, Mexico, in November/December 2011. The 96 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The first volume includes 50 papers representing the current main topics of interest for the AI community and their applications. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: automated reasoning and multi-agent systems; problem solving and machine learning; natural language processing; robotics, planning and scheduling; and medical applications of artificial intelligence.
Download or read book Investigations in Cognitive Grammar written by Ronald W. Langacker and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2009-07-14 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume makes accessible a substantial range of recent research in Cognitive Grammar. From disparate sources, it brings together a dozen innovative papers, revised and integrated to form a coherent whole. This work continues the ongoing program of progressively articulating the theoretical framework and showing its descriptive application to varied grammatical phenomena. A number of major topics are examined in depth through multiple chapters viewing them from different perspectives: grammatical constructions (their general nature, their metonymic basis, their role in grammaticization), nominal grounding (quantifiers, possessives, impersonal it), clausal grounding (its relation to nominal grounding, an epistemic account of tense, a systemic view of the English auxiliary), the "control cycle" (an abstract cognitive model with many linguistic manifestations), finite clauses (their internal structure and external grammar), and complex sentences (complementation, subordination, coordination). In each case the presentation builds from fundamentals and introduces the background needed for comprehension. At the same time, by bringing fresh approaches and new descriptive insights to classic problems, it represents a significant advance in understanding grammar and indicates future directions of theory and research in the Cognitive Grammar framework. The book is of great interest to students and practitioners of cognitive linguistics and to scholars in related areas.
Download or read book Head Driven Phrase Structure Grammar written by Stefan Müller and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on with total page 1632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) is a constraint-based or declarative approach to linguistic knowledge, which analyses all descriptive levels (phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics) with feature value pairs, structure sharing, and relational constraints. In syntax it assumes that expressions have a single relatively simple constituent structure. This volume provides a state-of-the-art introduction to the framework. Various chapters discuss basic assumptions and formal foundations, describe the evolution of the framework, and go into the details of the main syntactic phenomena. Further chapters are devoted to non-syntactic levels of description. The book also considers related fields and research areas (gesture, sign languages, computational linguistics) and includes chapters comparing HPSG with other frameworks (Lexical Functional Grammar, Categorial Grammar, Construction Grammar, Dependency Grammar, and Minimalism).
Download or read book Explorations in Functional Syntax written by George David Morley and published by Equinox Publishing Ltd.. This book was released on 2004 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explorations in Functional Syntax develops a practical framework for analyzing the syntactic structure of a text from a functional perspective. It outlines a model in which the syntactic analysis, on a single dimension, mirrors more explicitly the multidimensional meaning structure of the text. The syntactic framework thus takes account of semantic concepts such as participants and things, processes, features and qualities, and circumstances, all of which constitute elements of ideas. But it also deals with the cohesive links which connect ideas and with personal comments, etc. which may be interspersed in amongst them. Though set firmly in the mould of systemic functional grammar, the book focuses on lexicogrammar -grammatical units and relations, structural elements, configurations and complexities; social context and the semantic stratum are sketched out only as integral background. In elaborating a unitary syntactic framework which is functionally orientated so as to reflect the meaning structure of a text, the book represents a significant departure from the 'standard' mode of handling lexicogrammar in systemic linguistics. Important differences have been introduced with regard, firstly, to the nature of units on the rank scale and their relationships to structural complexes and, secondly, to the range and scope of elements of clause structure. The book is well illustrated with examples of the descriptive framework in action throughout the text and in a summary end chapter.
Download or read book Grammatical Categories in Linguistics and Education written by Holden Härtl and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2024-11-04 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores how grammatical categories, as defined by theoretical linguistics, are effectively implemented in language education. Aiming to bridge the gap between linguistic research and language pedagogy, it offers a detailed inquiry that spans theoretical frameworks and empirical data. By presenting a series of insightful studies, this work illustrates how findings from theoretical linguistics can be applied to enhance practical language instruction, demonstrating the reciprocal enrichment of both fields. Essential for linguists, language educators, and researchers interested in the intersections of grammar, cognition, and pedagogy, the volume is organized into four engaging sections. Each section illuminates the nuances of grammar teaching and language acquisition. It begins with a theoretical analysis of linguistic categories across diverse languages, progresses through the links between linguistic research and teaching methodologies, and delves into the role of empirical data in classroom applications. The final section focuses on the practical implementation of linguistic categories in language teaching, promoting a deeper understanding of grammar as a dynamic component of language learning.
Download or read book Grammatical Competence and Parsing Performance written by Bradley L. Pritchett and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1992-11 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How does a parser, a device that imposes an analysis on a string of symbols so that they can be interpreted, work? More specifically, how does the parser in the human cognitive mechanism operate? Using a wide range of empirical data concerning human natural language processing, Bradley Pritchett demonstrates that parsing performance depends on grammatical competence, not, as many have thought, on perception, computation, or semantics. Pritchett critiques the major performance-based parsing models to argue that the principles of grammar drive the parser; the parser, furthermore, is the apparatus that tries to enforce the conditions of the grammar at every point in the processing of a sentence. In comparing garden path phenomena, those instances when the parser fails on the first reading of a sentence and must reanalyze it, with occasions when the parser successfully functions the first time around, Pritchett makes a convincing case for a grammar-derived parsing theory.
