Download or read book The Grammar of English Grammars written by Goold Brown and published by . This book was released on 1851 with total page 1124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Founding Grammars written by Rosemarie Ostler and published by Macmillan + ORM. This book was released on 2015-05-12 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A “lively and revealing” history of America’s obsession with grammar—from the debate over double negatives to the influence of frontier vernacular (Kirkus Reviews). Standard grammar and accurate spelling are widely considered hallmarks of a good education, but their exact definitions are much more contentious—capable of inciting a full-blown grammar war at the splice of a comma. With an accessible and enthusiastic approach, Ostler considers these grammatical shibboleths, tracing current debates back to America’s earliest days, an era when most families owned only two books—the Bible and a grammar primer. Along the way, she investigates colorful historical characters on both sides of the grammar debate in her efforts to unmask the origins of contemporary speech. Linguistic founding fathers like Noah Webster, Tory expatriate Lindley Murray, and post-Civil War literary critic Richard Grant White, all play a featured role in creating the rules we’ve come to use, and occasionally discard, throughout the years. Founding Grammars is for curious readers who want to know where grammar rules have come from, where they’ve been, and where they might go next.
Download or read book Grammars with Context Conditions and Their Applications written by Alexander Meduna and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-08-08 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essential guide to grammars with context conditions This advanced computer science book systematically and compactlysummarizes the current knowledge about grammars with contextconditions-an important area of formal language theory. Accordingto the types of context conditions, this self-contained referenceclassifies them into grammars with context conditions placed on thedomains of grammatical derivations, the use of grammaticalproductions, and the neighborhood of the rewritten symbols. Thefocus is on grammatical generative power, important properties,simplification, reduction, implementation, and applications, mostof which are related to microbiology. The text features: * Up-to-date coverage of grammatical concepts based on contextconditions * Self-contained explanations without assumption of any previousknowledge * Clear definitions and exact proofs preceded by intuitiveexplanations * Numerous easy-to-implement grammatical transformations * Realistic applications * Relation to mathematics, linguistics, and biology * Additional material and information about the book available onaccompanying Web site (see preface for details) Practitioners and advanced students in theoretical computer scienceand related areas- including mathematics, linguistics, andmolecular biology-will find Grammars with Context Conditions andTheir Applications an essential reference for this cutting-edgearea of formal language theory.
Download or read book Dependency Structures and Lexicalized Grammars written by Marco Kuhlmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-30 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book develops a formal theory of dependency structures and shows how combining them with a regular means of composition yields copious hierarchies of ever more powerful dependency languages. It also classifies several relevant grammatical formalisms.
Download or read book Array Grammars Patterns and Recognizers written by Patrick Shen-pei Wang and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1989 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research and development of multi-dimensional pattern recognition, scene analysis, computer vision and image processing have progressed very rapidly in recent years. Among various models employed for pattern representation and analysis, the array grammar has attracted more and more attention because it has several advantages over others.This special volume, perhaps the first time ever in the literature, is a collection of 14 papers by prominent professionals and experts, aimed at promoting array grammars, patterns and recognizers. They are grouped in the following categories: (1) Array grammars and pattern generation, (2) Array pattern recognizers, (3) Coordinate grammars and L-systems, and (4) Hexagonal grids, tilings and encryption.
Download or read book Transformational Grammars Again written by Yorick Wilks and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The note presents some criticisms of Chomsky's theory of Transformational Grammar, and in particular of his most recent attempt to demarcate syntax from semantics by means of the distinction between selectional and subcategorization rules. I argue that, although there is a formal distinction between them, it in no way serves Chomsky's. The standpoint of the paper is that semantic analysis (and production) is of a more fundamental nature than syntactic analysis as usually understood. It is argued that Chomsky's system is an explication of meaningfulness if it is anything, and that his recent changes of view about semantics have made it difficult, if not impossible, for him to reject this view of his system. It is in part Chomsky's changes of mind that have made it difficult to discern the real purpose of his system, and in part, too, his tendency to present his theory in two quite different ways at the same time: both as an analytic device for examining and producing text, and also as an explication of the way in which humans produce, or ascribe structure to, their language. The paper also makes a brief suggestion as to what it would be like to have an explication of meaningfulness more adequate than Chomsky's. (Author).
Download or read book Formal Grammars in Linguistics and Psycholinguistics written by Willem J. M. Levelt and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2008 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Almost four decades have passed since "Formal Grammars "first appeared in 1974. At that time it was still possible to rather comprehensively review for (psycho)linguists the relevant literature on the theory of formal languages and automata, on their applications in linguistic theory and in the psychology of language. That is no longer feasible. In all three areas developments have been substantial, if not breathtaking. Nowadays, an interested linguist or psycholinguist opening any text on formal languages can no longer see the wood for the trees, as it is by no means evident which formal, mathematical tools are really required for natural language applications. An historical perspective can be helpful here. There are paths through the wood that have been beaten since decades; they can still provide useful orientation. The origins of these paths can be traced in the three volumes of "Formal Grammars," brought together in the present re-edition. In a newly added postscript the author has sketched what has become, after all these years, of formal grammars in linguistics and psycholinguistics, or at least some of the core developments. This chapter may provide further motivation for the reader to make a trip back to some of the historical sources.
Download or read book Some Aspects of Text Grammars written by Teun A. van Dijk and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2015-04-28 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Logic of Categorial Grammars written by Richard Moot and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-06-30 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended for students in computer science, formal linguistics, mathematical logic and to colleagues interested in categorial grammars and their logical foundations. These lecture notes present categorial grammars as deductive systems, in the approach called parsing-as-deduction, and the book includes detailed proofs of their main properties. The papers are organized in topical sections on AB grammars, Lambek’s syntactic calculus, Lambek calculus and montague grammar, non-associative Lambek calculus, multimodal Lambek calculus, Lambek calculus, linear logic and proof nets and proof nets for the multimodal Lambek calculus.
Download or read book A Guide to Germanic Reference Grammars written by John C. McKay and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1984-01-01 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide provides brief descriptions and evaluations of the best reference grammars and comprehensive works on the syntax of contemporary Afrikaans, Danish, Dutch, English, Faroese, Frisian, German, Icelandic, Norwegian, Swedish, and Yiddish.
Download or read book Context Free Hypergraph Grammars written by Renate Klempien-Hinrichs and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2002 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Graph Grammars and Their Application to Computer Science written by Janice Cuny and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1996-05-08 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the functional properties and the structural organization of the members of the thrombospondin gene family. These proteins comprise a family of extracellular calcium binding proteins that modulate cellular adhesion, migration and proliferation. Thrombospondin-1 has been shown to function during angiogenesis, wound healing and tumor cell metastasis.
Download or read book Attribute Grammars Applications and Systems written by Henk Alblas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1991-10-23 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attribute grammars have shown themselves to be a useful formalism for specifying the syntax and the static semantics of programming languages. They are also useful for implementing syntax-directed editors, compilers, translator writing systems and compiler generators, and any application that has a strong syntactic base. However, no textbooks are available that cover the entire field. To redress this imbalance, anInternational Summer School on Attribute Grammars, Applications and Systems was held in Prague, Czechoslovakia in June 1991. The course aimed at teaching the state of the art in attribute grammars, and their relation to other language specification methods. This volume presents the proceedings of the school. The papers are well suited for self-study, and a selection of them can be used for introductory courses in attribute grammars.
Download or read book A Guide to Romance Reference Grammars written by John C. McKay and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1979-01-01 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide provides brief descriptions and evaluations of the best reference grammars and comprehensive works on the syntax of contemporary French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Catalan, and Rumanian.
Download or read book Portuguese Missionary Grammars in Asia Africa and Brazil 1550 1800 written by Otto Zwartjes and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2011-11-23 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the 16th century onwards, Europeans encountered languages in the Americas, Africa, and Asia which were radically different from any of the languages of the Old World. Missionaries were in the forefront of this encounter: in order to speak to potential converts, they needed to learn local languages. A great wealth of missionary grammars survives from the 16th century onwards. Some of these are precious records of the languages they document, and all of them witness their authors’ attempts to develop the methods of grammatical description with which they were familiar, to accommodate dramatically new linguistic features.This book is the first monograph covering the whole Portuguese grammatical tradition outside Portugal. Its aim is to provide an integrated description, analysis and evaluation of the missionary grammars which were written in Portuguese. Between them, these grammars covered a huge range of languages: in Asia, Tamil, four Indo-Aryan languages and Japanese; in Brazil, Kipeá and Tupinambá; in Africa and the African diaspora, Kimbundu and Sena (from the modern Angola and Mozambique respectively).Each text is placed in its historical context, and its linguistic context is analyzed, with particular attention to orthography, the parts of speech system, morphology and syntax. Whenever possible, pedagogical features of the grammars are discussed, together with their treatment of language variation and pragmatics, and the evidence they provide for the missionaries’ attitude towards the languages they studied.
Download or read book Handbook of Graph Grammars and Computing by Graph Transformation written by Grzegorz Rozenberg and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Graph grammars originated in the late 60s, motivated by considerations about pattern recognition and compiler construction. Since then the list of areas which have interacted with the development of graph grammars has grown quite impressively. Besides the aforementioned areas it includes software specification and development, VLSI layout schemes, database design, modeling of concurrent systems, massively parallel computer architectures, logic programming, computer animation, developmental biology, music composition, visual languages, and many others. The area of graph grammars and graph transformations generalizes formal language theory based on strings and the theory of term rewriting based on trees. As a matter of fact within the area of graph grammars, graph transformation is considered a fundamental programming paradigm where computation includes specification, programming, and implementation.
Download or read book Modern Grammars of Case written by John M. Anderson and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2006-06-22 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses fundamental issues in linguistic theory, including the relation between formal and cognitive approaches, the autonomy of syntax, the content of universal grammar, and the value of generative and functional approaches to grammar. It focuses on the grammar of case relations, signalled by morphological case, prepositions, and word order. Part I offers a critical history of modern grammars of case, focussing on the last four decades and setting this in the context of earlier, including ancient, developments. The subjects considered include the evolution of ideas concerning deep structure and semantic and grammatical relations, and arguments for the maintenance of the traditional central position of case in the grammar. In parts II and III Professor Anderson examines the category of case and central unresolved issues in the grammar of case. The latter include questions relating to the idea of an ontologically-based grammar, particularly the degree to which syntactic categories and relationships are grounded in meaning, and the notion of linguistic creativity. This involves a consideration of the way in which cases may be identified and whether their distribution is determined through semantics. The book sheds new light on the interactions between meaning and grammar and on the structure and development of lexical and grammatical systems. The argument and its far-reaching consequences will be of wide interest to linguists, philosophers and others seeking to understand the workings of language.
