Download or read book The Grammaire des grammaires of Girault Duvivier written by Jesse Levitt and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2017-12-04 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Natural Language Parsing and Linguistic Theories written by U. Reyle and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: presupposition fails, we now give a short introduction into Unification Grammar. Since all implementations discussed in this volume use PROLOG (with the exception of BlockjHaugeneder), we felt that it would also be useful to explain the difference between unification in PROLOG and in UG. After the introduction to UG we briefly summarize the main arguments for using linguistic theories in natural language processing. We conclude with a short summary of the contributions to this volume. UNIFICATION GRAMMAR 3 Feature Structures or Complex Categories. Unification Grammar was developed by Martin Kay (Kay 1979). Martin Kay wanted to give a precise defmition (and implementation) of the notion of 'feature'. Linguists use features at nearly all levels of linguistic description. In phonetics, for instance, the phoneme b is usually described with the features 'bilabial', 'voiced' and 'nasal'. In the case of b the first two features get the value +, the third (nasal) gets the value -. Feature value pairs in phonology are normally represented as a matrix. bilabial: + voiced: + I nasal: - [Feature matrix for b.] In syntax features are used, for example, to distinguish different noun classes. The Latin noun 'murus' would be characterized by the following feature-value pairs: gender: masculin, number: singular, case: nominative, pred: murus. Besides a matrix representation one frequently fmds a graph representation for feature value pairs. The edges of the graph are labelled by features. The leaves denote the value of a feature.
Download or read book Grammaire Larousse du fran ais contemporain written by Jean-Claude Chevalier and published by Librairie Larousse. This book was released on 1964 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FRANÇAIS (LANGUE), grammaire.
Download or read book Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics written by Hadumod Bussmann and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-02-20 with total page 1336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics is a unique reference work for students and teachers of linguistics. The highly regarded second edition of the Lexikon der Sprachwissenschaft by Hadumod Bussmann has been specifically adapted by a team of over thirty specialist linguists to form the most comprehensive and up-to-date work of its kind in the English language. In over 2,500 entries, the Dictionary provides an exhaustive survey of the key terminology and languages of more than 30 subdisciplines of linguistics. With its term-based approach and emphasis on clear analysis, it complements perfectly Routledge's established range of reference material in the field of linguistics.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the French Language written by Wendy Ayres-Bennett and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-07-09 with total page 1056 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides the first comprehensive reference work in English on the French language in all its facets. It offers a wide-ranging approach to the rich, varied, and exciting research across multiple subfields, with seven broad thematic sections covering the structures of French; the history of French; axes of variation; French around the world; French in contact with other languages; second language acquisition; and French in literature, culture, arts, and the media. Each chapter presents the state of the art and directs readers to canonical studies and essential works, while also exploring cutting-edge research and outlining future directions. The Oxford Handbook of the French Language serves both as a reference work for people who are curious to know more about the French language and as a starting point for those carrying out new research on the language and its many varieties. It will appeal to undergraduate and graduate students as well as established scholars, whether they are specialists in French linguistics or researchers in a related field looking to learn more about the language. The diversity of frameworks, approaches, and scholars in the volume demonstrates above all the variety, vitality, and vibrancy of work on the French language today.
Download or read book Education in France written by and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book History and Historiography of Linguistics written by Hans-Josef Niederehe and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1990-12-31 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These two volume present papers from the Fourth International Conference on the History of the Language Sciences (ICHoLS IV), held at the University of Trier, Germany, in August 1987. Volume 1 contains the following sections: I. Generalia; II. Antiquity; III. Arabic Linguistics; IV. Middle Ages; V. Renaissance; VI. 17th Century. Volume 2 continues with: VII. 18th Century; VIII. 19th Century; IX. 20th Century; and provides Author and Subject Indexes.
Download or read book Teaching Foreign Languages written by Georgeta Raţă and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2010-08-11 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Teaching Foreign Languages: Languages for Special Purposes is a collection of essays which will appeal to teachers of modern languages no matter the level of instruction. The essays deal with three main approaches of the teaching of languages for special purposes in Europe, Asia and Africa: theoretical linguistics (lexis: French vocabulary; and semantics: French copulative verbs); descriptive linguistics (compared linguistics: English – Romanian, English – Serbian, French – Romanian, French – Serbian, and German – Macedonian); and applied linguistics (language acquisition: English in Romania and Spanish in Serbia; language education: Arabic in Italy, English in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Iran, Malaysia, Russia, Serbia, and the United Arab Emirates; German in Serbia; lexicography: English, French, Romanian, Ruthenian and Serbian; stylistics: English, French and Spanish; and translation: English, Italian and Romanian).
Download or read book A Reference Grammar of Modern French written by Anne Judge and published by McGraw-Hill Companies. This book was released on 1995 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A Reference Grammar of Modern French" has established itself as the standard English-language reference grammar for the French language. It provides teachers, students and others interested in the French language with a comprehensive, accessible, and jargon-free guide to the forms and structures of French as it is currently spoken and written in France and in the rest of the French-speaking world. The scope of the grammar is very broad, dealing with both spoken and written French. Levels of usage (literary, educated, formal, informal, and slang) are specified, so that the importance of context in the use of language is recognized. -- From publisher's description.
Download or read book A Semantic Analysis of Word Order written by Waugh and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-11-27 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cassell s Contemporary French written by Valerie Worth-Stylianou and published by MacMillan Publishing Company. This book was released on 1992 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aristide of Le Figaro written by Mary Munro-Hill and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2017-05-11 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is it true that French people enjoy reading grammar articles over their coffee and croissants? Can matters of language really be so interesting and absorbing? For thirty years, Aristide composed his Usage et grammaire and Divertissements grammaticaux for one of France’s foremost daily newspapers, Le Figaro. His fans avidly read his weekly chroniques de langue, corresponding with him and asking him questions, which he delighted in answering. His linguistic writings, topical, witty and elegant, are both entertaining and instructive. This book on Aristide’s work will be appreciated by lovers of the French language the world over. Although written in English, it is peppered throughout with extracts from Aristide’s weekly rubriques. Aristide stood in the long tradition of French grammarians, some purist and others relatively laxist. Bernard Pivot described him as one who was «sévère pour une faute de français, indulgent pour un français en faute».
Download or read book Expressing the Same by the Different written by Igor Dreer and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2007 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers an alternative, sign-oriented analysis of the distribution of the French Indicative and Subjunctive. It rejects both government and functions, attributed to both moods, and shows that the distribution of the Indicative and the Subjunctive is motivated by their invariant meanings. The volume illustrates the close interaction between the Indicative and the Subjunctive, as linguistic signs, and signs of other grammatical systems, contextually associated with the invariant meanings of both moods. Special consideration is given to the use of the Indicative and the Subjunctive in texts of different styles and genres.This volume also deals with the diachronic disfavoring of the Subjunctive and especially of the Imperfect Subjunctive that occurred from Old French to Contemporary French. It is argued that this disfavoring was motivated by the narrowing of the invariant meaning of the Contemporary French Subjunctive. All hypotheses are supported by contextualized examples and frequency counts.
Download or read book Lexique syntaxe et lexique grammaire written by Christian Leclere and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 683 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maurice Gross, who died in December 2001, was a pioneer and leading thinker in the field of modern linguistics. Long before computers could facilitate large-scale, lexically-based language study, he and his team began building an exhaustive, empirically-based inventory of the "lexicon-grammar" of French which, thirty years later, still remains the most complete syntax-based lexicon available. Researchers all over the world have adopted the Gross model of description, which serves as a computational model for any language. As can be seen in the contributions in this volume, it has been applied to languages as different as Arabic, Chinese, English, Greek or Korean (as well as the major Romance languages, of course). In this volume the reader will also find a number of articles by eminent linguists who were close friends of Maurice Gross, and frequently in dialogue with him on linguistic issues. No matter whether they shared his theoretical views, or his particular empirical methods of description, they each had great respect for his work, especially for the close-grained linguistic analysis which has set a benchmark for future generations.
Download or read book A Guide to Romance Reference Grammars written by John C. McKay and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1979-01-01 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide provides brief descriptions and evaluations of the best reference grammars and comprehensive works on the syntax of contemporary French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Catalan, and Rumanian.
Download or read book The Morphology of the Modern French Verb written by Michael H. Gertner and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2017-12-04 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dialogue Analysis Units relations and strategies beyond the sentence written by Edda Weigand and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-07-13 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The topic of this volume was discussed at a Round Table of the International Association for Dialogue Analysis (IADA) at the University of Bologna in March 1995. The Round Table was intended to make a scientific contribution in honour of the president's 65th birthday. The topic refers on the one hand to the central problem of 'Dialogue Analysis' which is to discover a new, communicatively functioning unit after having left behind the unit of the sentence which can be considered the unit par excellence of structural linguistics. On the other hand, it includes the manifold units, relations, and strategies, i.e. the specific problems of dialogue analysis.
