Download or read book Grain Structure Modification in Additively Manufactured Inconel 718 Using in Situ Ultrasonic Vibration written by Nathaniel Gregory McNees and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) is a branch of metal additive manufacturing technologies which has become increasingly more popular due to the geometric freedoms and strategic design methods which it allows. L-PBF produces metallic components to near net shape within a single process step while simultaneously allowing for the creation of complex geometries and internal structures which are not readily produced by other manufacturing techniques. Not without issues, L-PBF produces materials with preferential directions of growth in the underlying material microstructure as well as undesirable phase content in many cases. While techniques exist to change microstructure of L-PBF materials, many rely on post-processing or in situ control over the flow of heat. This thesis documents the development and analysis of a novel technique separate from previous methods which allows for in situ modification of grain structure produced in LPBF without the need of complex modification of the machine. Ultrasonic vibrations are introduced to the build process as an added parameter, hypothesizing that in situ ultrasonic cavitation will reduce grain size and modify the formation of secondary phases in a way that is beneficial to the as-manufactured material properties.

Download or read book Additively Manufactured Inconel 718 written by Dunyong Deng and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2018-01-24 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, has gained significant interest in aerospace, energy, automotive and medical industries due to its capabilities of manufacturing components that are either prohibitively costly or impossible to manufacture by conventional processes. Among the various additive manufacturing processes for metallic components, electron beam melting (EBM) and selective laser melting (SLM) are two of the most widely used powder bed based processes, and have shown great potential for manufacturing high-end critical components, such as turbine blades and customized medical implants. The futures of the EBM and SLM are doubtlessly promising, but to fully realize their potentials there are still many challenges to overcome. Inconel 718 (IN718) is a nickel-base superalloy and has impressive combination of good mechanical properties and low cost. Though IN718 is being mostly used as a turbine disk material now, the initial introduction of IN718 was to overcome the poor weldability of superalloys in 1960s, since sluggish precipitation of strengthening phases ?’/?’’ enables good resistance to strain-age cracking during welding or post weld heat treatment. Given the similarity between AM and welding processes, IN718 has been widely applied to the metallic AM field to facilitate the understandings of process-microstructure-property relationships. The work presented in this licentiate thesis aims to better understand microstructures and mechanical properties EBM and SLM IN718, which have not been systematically investigated. Microstructures of EBM and SLM IN718 have been characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with the process conditions. Monotonic mechanical properties (e.g., Vickers microhardness and tensile properties) have also been measured and rationalized with regards to the microstructure evolutions before and after heat treatments. For EBM IN718, the results show the microstructure is not homogeneous but dependant on the location in the components, and the anisotropic mechanical properties are probably attributed to alignment of porosities rather than texture. Post heat treatment can slightly increase the mechanical strength compared to the as-manufactured condition but does not alter the anisotropy. SLM IN718 shows significantly different microstructure and mechanical properties to EBM IN718. The as-manufactured SLM IN718 has very fine dendritic microstructure and Laves phases in the interdendrites, and is “work-hardened” by the residual strains and dislocations present in the material. Mechanical properties are different between horizontally and vertically built samples, and heat treatment can minimize this difference. Results from this licentiate thesis provide the basis for the further research on the cyclic mechanical properties of EBM and SLM IN718, which would be the focus of following phase of the Ph.D. research.

Download or read book Laser Based Additive Manufacturing written by Narendra B. Dahotre and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-08-01 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser-Based Additive Manufacturing Explore laser-based additive manufacturing processes via multi-scale modeling and computer simulation In Laser-Based Additive Manufacturing: Modeling, Simulation, and Experiments, a distinguished team of researchers delivers an incisive framework for understanding materials processing using laser-based additive manufacturing (LAM). The book describes the use of computational modeling and simulation to explore and describe the LAM technique, to improve the compositional, phase, and microstructural evolution of the material, and to enhance the mechanical, chemical, and functional properties of the manufactured components. The accomplished authors combine a comprehensive overview of multi-scale modeling and simulation with experimental and practical observations, offering a systematic review of laser-material interactions in advanced LAM processes. They also describe the real-world applications of LAM, including component processing and surface functionalization. In addition to explorations of residual stresses, three-dimensional defects, and surface physical texture in LAM, readers will also find: A thorough introduction to additive manufacturing (AM), including the advantages of AM over conventional manufacturing and the challenges involved with using the technology A comprehensive exploration of computation materials science, including length- and time-scales in materials modeling and the current state of computational modeling in LAM Practical discussions of laser-material interaction in LAM, including the conversion of light energy to heat, modes of heat dissipation, and the dynamics of the melt-pool In-depth examinations of the microstructural and mechanical aspects of LAM integrated with modeling Perfect for materials scientists, mechanical engineers, and physicists, Laser-Based Additive Manufacturing: Modeling, Simulation, and Experiments is perfect for anyone seeking an insightful treatment of this cutting-edge technology in the areas of alloys, ceramics, and composites.

Download or read book Additively Manufactured Inconel 718 written by Dunyong Deng and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development of Processing Strategies for the Additive Layer Manufacture of Aerospace Components in Inconel 718 written by Robert James Deffley and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Qualification Strategies for Laser Processed Inconel 718 Using Ultrasonic Non destructive Evaluation written by Guillermo Eleazar Huanes Alvan and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser-processed additive manufacturing (laser-AM) is a technology that allows the direct fabrication of metallic three-dimensional parts from a CAD model, with the particularity of using a laser as its energy source. The application of this technology to nickel-based superalloys (Ni-superalloys) attracts interest from the aircraft, aerospace, or power generation industry due to the outstanding strength at high temperatures and exceptional resistance to fatigue, hot corrosion, and wear under extreme conditions shown by these materials. However, the main drawbacks that prevent the implementation at a large scale of laser-AM nickel-based superalloys are the uncertainty of the mechanical integrity, quality and reproducibility of mechanical properties that can occur due to porosity, bonding defects, anisotropy, or heterogeneity present in the microstructure, which in turn is affected by the processing parameters. Furthermore, one of the principal aspects that prevents the adoption of this technology is the lack of a unified qualification standard that contemplates the needs of the aforementioned industries. Although several efforts are currently on track in the field of destructive testing for the characterization of AM materials in general, non-destructive techniques have merely been utilized for the detection of defects and their capability as a material characterization tool has not been deeply explored. In particular, ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation (ultrasonic NDE) stands out among other NDE techniques given its straightforward application and its sensitivity to microstructural variations that can be applied to complex materials such as Ni-superalloys fabricated with laser-AM technologies. The aim of this work is to show our efforts in the ultrasonic NDE characterization of as-fabricated Laser-Directed Energy Deposition Inconel 718 (laser-DED IN718) and to derive parameters that can be further applied in a unified qualification standard for the acceptance of this material.First, we present a baseline ultrasonic NDE comparison of Inconel 718 samples fabricated with Laser-Directed Energy Deposition and with hot-rolled to show their difference in ultrasonic velocities, ultrasonic attenuation, and ultrasonic backscattering and to further correlate the contributions of the laser-DED IN718 microstructure to these parameters. Then, utilizing the ultrasonic response of the hot-rolled sample and two laser-DED samples fabricated with different processing parameters, we derived for the first time ultrasonic NDE qualification parameters to quantify anisotropy, heterogeneity, grain, and grain clusters contributions to attenuation, and grain cluster sizes. Finally, we utilize ultrasonic NDE to characterize laser-DED multi-material structures of Inconel 718 and Stainless steel 420. The ultrasonic velocities, attenuation and backscatter coefficients responses are measured, and their values are compared to theoretical values derived from a simple rule of mixtures.

Download or read book Additive Manufacturing of Inconel 718 Using Electron Beam Melting written by William James Sames (V) and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Additive Manufacturing (AM) process parameters were studied for production of the high temperature alloy Inconel 718 using Electron Beam Melting (EBM) to better understand the relationship between processing, microstructure, and mechanical properties. Processing parameters were analyzed for impact on process time, process temperature, and the amount of applied energy. The applied electron beam energy was shown to be integral to the formation of swelling defects. Standard features in the microstructure were identified, including previously unidentified solidification features such as shrinkage porosity and non-equilibrium phases. The as-solidified structure does not persist in the bulk of EBM parts due to a high process hold temperature (~1000°C), which causes in situ homogenization. The most significant variability in as-fabricated microstructure is the formation of intragranular delta-phase needles, which can form in samples produced with lower process temperatures (

Download or read book Additive Manufacturing Volume 2 written by Prashanth Konda Gokuldoss and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-04-15 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Additive manufacturing (AM) is one of the manufacturing processes that warrants the attention of industrialists, researchers and scientists, because of its ability to produce materials with a complex shape without theoretical restrictions and with added functionalities. There are several advantages to employing additive manufacturing as the primary additive manufacturing process. However, there exist several challenges that need to be addressed systematically. A couple such issues are alloy design and process development. Traditionally alloys designed for conventional cast/powder metallurgical processes were fabricated using advanced AM processes. This is the wrong approach considering that the alloys should be coined based on the process characteristics and meta-stable nature of the process. Hence, we must focus on alloy design and development for AM that suits the AM processes. The AM processes, however, improve almost every day, either in terms of processing capabilities or processing conditions. Hence, the processing part warrants a section that is devoted to these advancements and innovations. Accordingly, the present Special Issue (book) focuses on two aspects of alloy development and process innovations. Here, 45 articles are presented covering different AM processes including selective laser melting, electron beam melting, laser cladding, direct metal laser sintering, ultrasonic consolidation, wire arc additive manufacturing, and hybrid manufacturing. I believe that this Special Issue bears is vital to the field of AM and will be a valuable addition.

Download or read book The Superalloys written by Roger C. Reed and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-07-31 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Superalloys are unique high-temperature materials used in gas turbine engines, which display excellent resistance to mechanical and chemical degradation. This book introduces the metallurgical principles which have guided their development. Suitable for graduate students and researchers, it includes exercises and additional resources at www.cambridge.org/9780521859042.

Download or read book Superalloys written by Matthew J. Donachie and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2002 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers virtually all technical aspects related to the selection, processing, use, and analysis of superalloys. The text of this new second edition has been completely revised and expanded with many new figures and tables added. In developing this new edition, the focus has been on providing comprehensive and practical coverage of superalloys technology. Some highlights include the most complete and up-to-date presentation available on alloy melting. Coverage of alloy selection provides many tips and guidelines that the reader can use in identifying an appropriate alloy for a specific application. The relation of properties and microstructure is covered in more detail than in previous books.

Download or read book Advances in Damage Mechanics written by George Z. Voyiadjis and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-11-09 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text presents advances in continuum damage mechanics for metals and metal matrix composites. Emphasis is placed on the theoretical formulation of the different constitutive models in this area, but sections are added to demonstrate the applications of the theory.

Download or read book Rapid Prototyping of Biomaterials written by Roger Narayan and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2014-02-13 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rapid Prototyping of Biomaterials: Principles and Applications provides a comprehensive review of established and emerging rapid prototyping technologies (such as bioprinting) for medical applications. Rapid prototyping, also known as layer manufacturing, additive manufacturing, solid freeform fabrication, or 3D printing, can be used to create complex structures and devices for medical applications from solid, powder, or liquid precursors. Following a useful introduction, which provides an overview of the field, the book explores rapid prototyping of nanoscale biomaterials, biosensors, artificial organs, and prosthetic limbs. Further chapters consider the use of rapid prototyping technologies for the processing of viable cells, scaffolds, and tissues. With its distinguished editor and international team of renowned contributors, Rapid Prototyping of Biomaterials is a useful technical resource for scientists and researchers in the biomaterials and tissue regeneration industry, as well as in academia. Comprehensive review of established and emerging rapid prototyping technologies (such as bioprinting) for medical applications Chapters explore rapid prototyping of nanoscale biomaterials, biosensors, artificial organs, and prosthetic limbs Examines the use of rapid prototyping technologies for the processing of viable cells, scaffolds, and tissues

Download or read book Additive Manufacturing of Metals The Technology Materials Design and Production written by Li Yang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-11 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a unique guide to the three-dimensional (3D) printing of metals. It covers various aspects of additive, subtractive, and joining processes used to form three-dimensional parts with applications ranging from prototyping to production. Examining a variety of manufacturing technologies and their ability to produce both prototypes and functional production-quality parts, the individual chapters address metal components and discuss some of the important research challenges associated with the use of these technologies. As well as exploring the latest technologies currently under development, the book features unique sections on electron beam melting technology, material lifting, and the importance this science has in the engineering context. Presenting unique real-life case studies from industry, this book is also the first to offer the perspective of engineers who work in the field of aerospace and transportation systems, and who design components and manufacturing networks. Written by the leading experts in this field at universities and in industry, it provides a comprehensive textbook for students and an invaluable guide for practitioners

Download or read book Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Nickel Base Alloys written by John C. Lippold and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-20 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most up-to-date coverage of welding metallurgy aspects and weldability issues associated with Ni-base alloys Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Nickel-Base Alloys describes the fundamental metallurgical principles that control the microstructure and properties of welded Ni-base alloys. It serves as a practical how-to guide that enables engineers to select the proper alloys, filler metals, heat treatments, and welding conditions to ensure that failures are avoided during fabrication and service. Chapter coverage includes: Alloying additions, phase diagrams, and phase stability Solid-solution strengthened Ni-base alloys Precipitation strengthened Ni-base alloys Oxide dispersion strengthened alloys and nickel aluminides Repair welding of Ni-base alloys Dissimilar welding Weldability testing High-chromium alloys used in nuclear power applications With its excellent balance between the fundamentals and practical problem solving, the book serves as an ideal reference for scientists, engineers, and technicians, as well as a textbook for undergraduate and graduate courses in welding metallurgy.

Download or read book Residual Stress Distributions in Additively Manufactured Parts written by Prabhat Pant and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2020-03-05 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Additive manufacturing (AM) of parts using a layer by layer approach has seen a rapid increase in application for production of net shape or near-net shape complex parts, especially in the field of aerospace, automotive, etc. Due to the superiority of manufacturing complex shapes with ease in comparison to the conventional methods, interest in these kinds of processes has increased. Among various methods in AM, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is one of the most widely used techniques to produce metallic components. As in all manufacturing processes, residual stress (RS) generation during manufacturing is a relevant issue for the AM process. RS in AM are generated due to a high thermal gradient between subsequent layers. The impact of residual stresses can be significant for the mechanical integrity of the built parts and understanding the generation of RS and the effect of AM process parameters is therefore important for a broader implementation of AM techniques. The work presented in this licentiate thesis aims to investigate the influence of build orientation on the RS distribution in AM parts. For this purpose, L-shaped Inconel 718 parts were printed by LPBF in three different orientations, 0°, 45°, and 90°, respectively. Inconel 718 was selected because it is a superalloy widely used for making gas turbine components. In addition, IN718 has in general good weldability which renders it a good material for additive manufacturing. Residual stress distributions in the parts removed from the build plate were measured using neutron diffraction technique. A simple finite element model was developed to predict the residual stresses and the effect of RS relaxation due to the separation of the parts and build plate. The trend of residual stress distribution predicted was in good agreement with experimental results. In general, compressive RS at the part center and tensile RS near the surface were found. However, while the part printed in 0° orientation had the least amount of RS in all three principal directions of part, the part built in 90° orientation possessed the highest amount of RS in both compression and tension. The study has shown that residual stress distributions in the parts are strongly dependent on the building process. Further, it has shown that the relaxation of RS associated with the removal of the parts from the build plate after printing has a great impact on the final distribution of residual stress in the parts. These results can be used as guidelines for choosing the orientations of the part during printing.

Download or read book Additive Friction Stir Deposition written by Hang Z. Yu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-07-19 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Additive Friction Stir Deposition is a comprehensive summary of the state-of-the-art understanding on this emerging solid-state additive manufacturing technology. Sections cover additive friction stir deposition, encompassing advances in processing science, metallurgical science and innovative applications. The book presents a clear description of underlying physical phenomena, shows how the process determines the printing quality, covers resultant microstructure and properties in the as-printed state, highlights its key capabilities and limitations, and explores niche applications in repair, cladding and multi-material 3D printing. Serving as an educational and research guide, this book aims to provide a holistic picture of additive friction stir deposition-based solid-state additive manufacturing as well as a thorough comparison to conventional beam-based metal additive manufacturing, such as powder bed fusion and directed energy deposition. Provides a clear process description of additive friction stir deposition and highlights key capabilities Summarizes the current research and application of additive friction stir deposition, including material flow, microstructure evolution, repair and dissimilar material cladding Discusses future applications and areas of research for this technology

Download or read book Ultrasonic Treatment of Light Alloy Melts Second Edition written by Georgy I. Eskin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-08-20 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spawned by growing interest in ultrasonic technology and new developments in ultrasonic melt processing, the Second Edition of Ultrasonic Treatment of Light Alloy Melts discusses use of ultrasonic melt treatment in direct-chill casting, shape casting, rapid solidification, zone refining, and more, exploring the effects of power ultrasound on melt degassing, filtration, and refinement in aluminum and magnesium alloys. The fully revised and restructured Second Edition: Contains new, in-depth coverage of composite and nanocomposite materials Provides a historical review of the last century of ultrasonic applications to metallurgy Emphasizes the fundamentals, mechanisms, and applications of ultrasonic melt processing in different light-metal technologies Features new chapters on ultrasonic grain refinement, refinement of primary solid phases, and semi-solid processing of billets with nondendritic structure Includes significant updates reflecting results obtained over the past two decades on different scales, from laboratory to full-scale industrial implementations Complete with many new figures and examples, Ultrasonic Treatment of Light Alloy Melts, Second Edition delivers a comprehensive treatise on ultrasonic melt processing and cavitation, presenting essential guidelines for practical use and further development of the technology.