Download or read book Glucose Transport Into Skeletal Muscle written by Harriet Wallberg-Henriksson and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reviews of Physiology Biochemistry and Pharmacology written by and published by . This book was released on 1925 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Skeletal Muscle Metabolism in Exercise and Diabetes written by Erik A. Richter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre was founded in 1994 with the support of a grant from the Danish National Research Foundation. Among the goals for the Centre is the organization of research symposia, with the aim of bringing a limited number ofintemation ally renowned scientists together to discuss the latest developments and perspectives in their field. The first Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre Conference was held in 1995 and dealt with cardiovascular regulation. The Second Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre Confer ence was held from October 23-26, 1997. The topic of the Symposium was Muscle Metabo lism: Regulation, Exercise, and Diabetes. Seventy invited scientists from all over the world discussed their latest research related to skeletal muscle metabolism. The speakers were asked to expand on their presentations and to write short, but comprehensive, chapters about their given topics. The result is 28 peer-reviewed and edited chapters covering many if not all aspects of muscle energy metabolism related to exercise and diabetes. Emphasis is on regulation of glucose and fatty acid metabolism and the mechanisms regulating their use as fuels for the muscle during exercise. In addition, abnormalities in the regulation of glucose metabolism in the diabetic state are described. However, amino acid and protein metabolism are also thoroughly discussed. We believe that this volume brings an unparralleled, up to date, and comprehensive review of the frontiers in muscle metabolism. Erik A.
Download or read book In Vitro Studies of Human Skeletal Muscle written by Juleen R. Zierath and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Insulin Action written by Ashok K. Srivastava and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-05-31 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1996 the 75th anniversary of the discovery of insulin was celebrated at the University of Toronto, the scene of that discovery in 1921. This volume was stimulated by the scientific program which was staged at that time and brought together much of the world's best talent to discuss and analyze the most recent developments in our understanding of pancreatic function, insulin secretion, the interaction of insulin with its target tissues, the mechanism of insulin action at the cellular level, and the defects which underlie both Type I (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM) and Type II (noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM) forms of the disease. We have chosen to focus the present volume on work related to insulin action.
Download or read book Multiple Mechanisms of Regulating Glucose Transporters and Glucose Transport in Skeletal Muscle Cells written by Zayna A. Khayat and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glucose is a universal energy substrate of mammalian cells. The Thesis examines the two main pathways of regulating glucose transport in muscle cells--insulin and the metabolic demand pathway. Insulin and the mitochondrial uncoupler dinitrophenol (DNP) were used to stimulate these two pathways in L6 muscle cells in order to dissect differences involving 3 major cellular regulatory pathways: (1) the actin cytoskeleton and temporal spatial regulation of signals and glucose transporters; (2) signalling pathways activated by these stimuli; and (3) cellular mechanisms controlling chronic glucose transporter expression. The results demonstrate that insulin provokes a rapid and marked aggregation of filamentous actin into structures that provide the coordinates for the insulin-derived signals to meet glucose transporter organelles, and direct their insertion into membrane ruffles. The results also reveal that, in contrast to insulin, DNP-stimulated glucose uptake largely depends on cytosolic Ca2+ and Ca2+-sensitive PKCs, but likely does not engage the fuel sensing enzyme AMPK. Finally, insulin and DNP were shown to elicit different long-term effects on glucose transporter expression: whereas prolonged exposure to insulin increases glucose transporter biosynthesis, chronic exposure to DNP increases the half-life of the glucose transporters in an isoform-specific manner. By uncovering the different cellular factors accessed by insulin and DNP to control glucose transport, the Thesis enhances our understanding of the diverse means employed by the muscle cell to control glucose homeostasis, and may have implications for the therapeutic treatment of diseases associated with impaired glucose utilization, such as Type 2 diabetes.
Download or read book Facilitative Glucose Transporters written by Gwyn W. Gould and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997-03-15 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive text covering the major aspects of the cell and molecular biology of the facilitative glucose transporter family. The text reviews the biology and function of each family member, covers structure-function studies, the regulation of glucose transport by insulin and the consequence of diabetes and insulin resistance, discusses aspects of cellular signalling which control glucose transport, reviews the control of expression and function of GLUT2 in liver and pancreatic beta-cells, and reviews the effects of nutrients on the control of sugar transporter expression.
Download or read book Skeletal Muscle Glucose Transport Following Exercise in Rodents written by Charles L. Dumke and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hormones Metabolism and the Benefits of Exercise written by Bruce Spiegelman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-07 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world is faced with an epidemic of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. This is due to changes in dietary habits and the decrease in physical activity. Exercise is usually part of the prescription, the first line of defense, to prevent or treat metabolic disorders. However, we are still learning how and why exercise provides metabolic benefits in human health. This open access volume focuses on the cellular and molecular pathways that link exercise, muscle biology, hormones and metabolism. This will include novel “myokines” that might act as new therapeutic agents in the future.
Download or read book Characterization of the Glucose Transport Mechanism Responsible for Mechanical Overload and Acute Injury stimulated Skeletal Muscle Glucose Uptake written by Parker Lance Evans and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Skeletal muscle is a highly adaptable tissue. In response to stimuli such as resistance exercise training or trauma/injury, muscle glucose uptake is stimulated to fuel the energetic and biosynthetic demands of growth, repair, and regeneration processes. Understanding how muscle glucose uptake changes in response to resistance training or acute injury may advance new therapies for patients with type 2 diabetes or those with muscle trauma. Therefore, the overall objective of this dissertation was to determine the transport mechanism(s) used by skeletal muscle to increase glucose uptake in response to mechanical overload, a model of resistance exercise training, as well as in response to acute injury induced by barium chloride injection. AIM 1: Determine if glucose transporter 6 (GLUT6) is necessary for mechanical overload-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake and hypertrophic growth. Mechanical overload stimulates an increase in GLUT6 levels in mouse skeletal muscle. However, its role in overload-stimulated muscle adaptations was unknown. Overload was induced by unilateral synergist muscle ablation surgery in mice lacking GLUT6 in all cells. After 5 days, muscle weight and glucose uptake were assessed. Neither overload-stimulated muscle growth nor glucose uptake were impaired in the mice lacking GLUT6. Lack of impairment in overload-induced glucose uptake and growth demonstrates that GLUT6 does not play an essential role in mediating overload-stimulated glucose uptake or growth in muscle. AIM 2: Determine if chemical damage-induced acute muscle injury stimulates glucose uptake via an adaptation intrinsic to skeletal muscle, and if so to determine the glucose transport mechanism(s) responsible for this effect. Glucose metabolism increases in skeletal muscle acute injured by chemical damage. Whether this is due to an adaptation intrinsic to the muscle tissue versus an in vivo factor(s) such as enhanced blood flow or nerve activity was unknown. Acute muscle injury was induced in mice by intramuscular injection of the chemical barium chloride. In isolated skeletal muscles, barium chloride stimulated glucose uptake was observed at 3-, 5-, 7- and 10-days post injection. This exciting ex-vivo glucose uptake finding demonstrated that chemical damage-induced acute injury stimulates muscle glucose uptake via an adaptation intrinsic to the muscle tissue. Additional key characteristics of the glucose transport mechanism underlying this adaptation included: 1) inhibitable by the facilitative glucose transporter inhibitor, cytochalasin B; 2) not dependent on glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression in muscle cells; 3) not dependent on glucose transporter 1 (GLUT4) expression in muscle cells; and 4) not dependent on glucose transporter 6 (GLUT6) expression in any cell type. The findings presented in this dissertation are significant because they add to the growing body of evidence demonstrating that skeletal muscle tissue can metabolically adapt to stimuli such as chronic muscle overload or acute trauma/injury by stimulating a novel glucose transport mechanism intrinsic to the muscle tissue. Characterization of this transport mechanism(s) represents a key first step in the development of new therapies for individuals suffering from type 2 diabetes or acute muscle trauma/injury.
Download or read book Muscle Cell and Tissue written by Kunihiro Sakuma and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-10-10 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to complete tissue regeneration, various cells (neuronal, skeletal and smooth) interact coordinately with each other. This book, Muscle Cell and Tissue - Current Status of Research Field, deals with current progress and perspectives in a variety of topics on the skeletal and smooth muscle, stem cells, regeneration, disease or therapeutics. Novel applications for cell and tissue engineering including cell therapy, tissue models and disease pathology modeling are introduced. This book also deals with the differentiation/de-differentiation process of vascular smooth muscle cells in health and disease. Furthermore, natural products to reverse metabolic syndromes are descriptively reviewed. These chapters can be interesting for graduate students, teachers, physicians, executives and researchers in the field of molecular biology and regenerative medicine.
Download or read book Multiple Mechanisms of Regulating Glucose Transporters and Glucose Transport in Skeletal Muscle Cells microform written by Zayna A. (Zayna Alice) Khayat and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 2001 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mitochondria in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes written by Beatrice Morio and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-26 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitochondria in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Comprehensive Review on Mitochondrial Functioning and Involvement in Metabolic Diseases synthesizes discoveries from laboratories around the world, enhancing our understanding of the involvement of mitochondria in the etiology of diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Chapters illustrate and provide an overview of key concepts on topics such as the role of mitochondria in adipose tissue, cancer, cardiovascular comorbidities, skeletal muscle, the liver, kidney, and more. This book is a must-have reference for students and educational teams in biology, physiology and medicine, and researchers. Synthesizes actual knowledge on mitochondrial function Provides an integrated vision of each tissue in the etiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes Identifies the interactive networks that involve alteration in mitochondrial mass and function in disease progression Highlights the role played by mitochondria in the prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes
Download or read book Sports Endocrinology written by F. Lanfranco and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2016-06-28 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an up-to-date, extensive overview of the effects of physical activity and training on endocrine function. It gives insights into a complex relationship by describing effects with respect to exercise performance, growth, development, and ageing. It includes discussions of the endocrine response depending on exercise mode, intensity, and duration as well as on gender, age, and fitness level. Additionally the book deals with the impact of environmental and psychological factors on endocrine level. A substantial part of Sports Endocrinology is devoted to the 'hot topic' of hormonal doping in sports. The properties of androgens, growth hormone, erythropoietin, and dietary supplements are highlighted. The use and abuse among professional and recreational athletes is discussed and specific methods of detection are presented and explained. All contributors are well-known experts in sports medicine and endocrinology, endocrine physiology, pharmacology, and doping detection, so this book is a must-read for every professional involved in the field.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules written by Sangdun Choi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-15 with total page 6330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this encyclopedia presents over 400 biologically important signaling molecules and the content is built on the core concepts of their functions along with early findings written by some of the world’s foremost experts. The molecules are described by recognized leaders in each molecule. The interactions of these single molecules in signal transduction networks will also be explored. This encyclopedia marks a new era in overview of current cellular signaling molecules for the specialist and the interested non-specialist alike. Currently, there are more than 30,000 genes in human genome. However, not all the proteins encoded by these genes work equally in order to maintain homeostasis. Understanding the important signaling molecules as completely as possible will significantly improve our research-based teaching and scientific capabilities.
Download or read book The Human Placenta written by C. Redman and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 1993-01-18 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The placenta is fascinating and complex. Basically foreign to the maternal body, it can be thought of as an organ transplanted onto the mother's host tissue. As such it embodies all the principles of tissue acceptance and rejection. Many of the risks of pregnancy and labor have now been eliminated and the placenta is likely to be at the root of many of the dangers to the unborn child that remain. A breakdown of the relationship between the placenta and the maternal tissue may turn out to be the cause of the majority of early lost pregnancies.
Download or read book Characterization of the Glucose Transporters Responsible for Mechanical Overloadstimulated Glucose Uptake in Mouse Skeletal Muscle written by Shawna McMillin and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resistance exercise training is a recommended form of physical activity for people with type 2 diabetes due to its ability to increase skeletal muscle glucose uptake. Understanding how resistance training controls muscle glucose uptake may lead to new type 2 diabetes treatments. Therefore, the overall objective of this dissertation was to identity the glucose transporter(s) that mediate muscle glucose uptake in response to mechanical overload, a model of resistance exercise training in rodents. Aim 1: Determine if glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) is necessary for \ overload-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake. Overload was induced by unilateral synergist ablation in the plantaris muscles of muscle-specific GLUT4 knockout mice. After 5 days, muscle glucose uptake was assessed. Intriguingly, the loss of GLUT4 did not impair the ability of overload to stimulate muscle glucose uptake. This exciting finding demonstrated that resistance training/mechanical overload stimulates muscle glucose uptake via a novel, exercise-responsive glucose transporter. Additional key characteristics of this novel transporter were identified and included: 1) localization to the plasma membrane; 2) ability to transport D-glucose, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, D-galactose and D xylose, but not D-fructose; and 3) binds the chemical cytochalasin B. Aim 2: Determine if glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) is necessary for overload-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake. Overload was induced by unilateral synergist ablation in the plantaris muscles of muscle-specific GLUT1 knockout mice. After 5 days, muscle glucose uptake was assessed. Surprisingly, the loss of GLUT1 did not impair either basal or overload-stimulated muscle glucose uptake. These unexpected findings demonstrated that the role of GLUT1 in muscle is presently unknown. In addition, this aim identified another key characteristic of the novel exercise/mechanical overload-responsive glucose transporter. The characteristic is that it binds the chemical BAY-876. These findings are significant because they challenge the dogma that in skeletal muscle that GLUT1 is the sole regulator of glucose uptake in the basal state and that GLUT4 is the sole exercise-responsive glucose transporter. In addition, this research represents a critical first step in the development of new type 2 diabetes therapies designed to utilize similar mechanisms as resistance training to stimulate glucose uptake into muscle.
