Download or read book Glass Transition Determination by Thermomechanical Analysis a Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer and a Differential Scanning Calorimeter written by B. Cassel and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A suitable specimen was selected to compare the glass transition measurement by several thermal analysis techniques. The specimen, an epoxy composite, was analyzed by Thermal mechanical analysis (TMA) using three different methods, including flexure, expansion, and stress relief, as a function of temperature. A dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) was then performed at three frequencies. A portion of the specimen was then selected for differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis. Special care was taken to ensure that the specimen pre-treatment was identical and that thermal lag errors were corrected for, so that a direct glass transition comparison could be made between analytical techniques.
Download or read book Materials Characterization by Thermomechanical Analysis written by Alan T. Riga and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1991 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fifteen papers from the symposium held in Philadelphia, March 1990, examine the uses of thermomechanical analysis and thermodilatometry in materials science, addressing instrumentation, techniques, and applications. Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, Or.
Download or read book Assignment of the Glass Transition written by Rickey J. Seyler and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1994 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Glass Transition of a Liquid Crystal Polymer written by B. Cassel and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A commercially available liquid crystal polymer system having a very weak glass transition is investigated in order to illustrate the special problems of measurement and interpretation inherent in high-sensitivity Tg measurement. Differential scanning calorimetry, thermomechanical analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis were employed over the temperature region from ambient to 175°C. A transition between 75 and 125°C with a midpoint around 100°C was detected by most techniques. The use of the maximum in the derivative of the measured signal as the primary assignment of the glass transition temperature is recommended. The results are discussed with reference to other literature on this polymer system.
Download or read book Principles and Applications of Thermal Analysis written by Paul Gabbott and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2008 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermal Analysis techniques are used in a wide range of disciplines, from pharmacy and foods to polymer science, materials and glasses; in fact any field where changes in sample behaviour are observed under controlled heating or controlled cooling conditions. The wide range of measurements possible provide fundamental information on the material properties of the system under test, so thermal analysis has found increasing use both in basic characterisation of materials and in a wide range of applications in research, development and quality control in industry and academia. Principles and Applications of Thermal Analysis is written by manufacturers and experienced users of thermal techniques. It provides the reader with sound practical instruction on how to use the techniques and gives an up to date account of the principle industrial applications. By covering basic thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) including the new approach of Fast Scanning DSC, together with dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA /TMA) methods, then developing the discussion to encompass industrial applications, the book serves as an ideal introduction to the technology for new users. With a strong focus on practical issues and relating the measurements to the physical behaviour of the materials under test, the book will also serve as an important reference for experienced analysts.
Download or read book Handbook of Thermoset Plastics written by Hanna Dodiuk and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2021-10-25 with total page 1118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Thermoset Plastics, Fourth Edition provides complete coverage of the chemical processes, manufacturing techniques and design properties of each polymer, along with its applications. This new edition has been expanded to include the latest developments in the field, with new chapters on radiation curing, biological adhesives, vitrimers, and 3D printing. This detailed handbook considers the practical implications of using thermoset plastics and the relationships between processing, properties and applications, as well as analyzing the strengths and weakness of different methods and applications. The aim of the book is to help the reader to make the right decision and take the correct action on the basis of informed analysis – avoiding the pitfalls the authors’ experience has uncovered. In industry, the book supports engineers, scientists, manufacturers and R&D professionals working with plastics. The information included will also be of interest to researchers and advanced students in plastics engineering, polymer chemistry, adhesives and coatings. Offers a systematic approach, guiding the reader through chemistry, processing methods, properties and applications of thermosetting polymers Includes thorough updates that discuss current practice and the new developments on biopolymers, nanotechnology, 3D printing, radiation curing and biological adhesives Uses case studies to demonstrate how particular properties make different polymers suitable for different applications Covers end-use and safety considerations
Download or read book Thermal Analysis of Plastics written by Gottfried W. Ehrenstein and published by Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH Co KG. This book was released on 2012-11-12 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermal analysis has proven to be one of the most important and meaningful test methods in the plastics industry and in testing laboratories. Although thermal analysis is used for fundamental studies related to materials science of polymers, its power lies in understanding this behavior during manufacturing processes. This understanding aids in process optimization, reduction of manufacturing cycle times, failure analysis as well as overall improvement of the material properties of the finished product, to name a few. In this book, the different test methods and their variations are described in detail, emphasizing the principles and their application in practice. Using practical examples, different approaches to problem solving are presented with a focus on the interpretation of the experimental results. Thermal analysis provides information on important properties of plastic materials, such as nucleation, crystallization, degree of crystallinity, recrystallization, melting and solidification, glass transition, curing and postcuring, thermal stability, thermal expansion, relaxation of orientation and internal stresses, pvT-data, and others. This book is a must for everybody involved in material and product development, testing, processing, quality assurance, or failure analysis in industry and laboratories. Contents: - Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) - Oxidative Induction Time/Temperature (OIT) - Thermogravimetry (TG) - Thermo-Mechanical Analysis (TMA) - pvT-Measurements - Dynamic-Mechanical Analysis (DMA) - Micro-Thermal Analysis - Brief Characterization of Key Polymers
Download or read book The Nature of the Glass Transition and Its Determination by Thermal Analysis written by B. Wunderlich and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper operational definitions of the glass transition and the pertinent condensed phases are given. This is followed by a description of the basic observations of glass transitions via thermal analysis using calorimetry, dilatometry, as well as theromechanical, dielectric, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The time dependence of the glass transition causes hysteresis phenomena and physical aging. Strain effects on the observation of the glass transition are identified. Complications resulting in symmetric and asymmetric broadening of the glass transition are linked to nanometer and micrometer scale phase separations. Finally, a rigid amorphous phase is identified in some semicrystalline polymers.
Download or read book Thermal Analysis of Pharmaceuticals written by Duncan Q.M. Craig and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-12-21 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a result of the Process Analytical Technologies (PAT) initiative launched by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), analytical development is receiving more attention within the pharmaceutical industry. Illustrating the importance of analytical methodologies, Thermal Analysis of Pharmaceuticals presents reliable and versatile charac
Download or read book Thermal Analysis written by El-Zeiny Ebeid and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-06-23 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermal Analysis: From Introductory Fundamentals to Advanced Applications presents an easy-to-understand introduction to Thermal Analysis (TA) principles alongside in-depth coverage of the wide variety of techniques currently in use across several industries. It covers differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), temperature modulated DSC (TMDSC), differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetry (TG) or thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermomechanical analysis (TMA), differential photo-calorimetry (DPC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermodilatometry (TD), dielectric thermal analysis (DEA), thermally-stimulated current (TSC), emanation thermal analysis (ETA), thermoluminescence (TL), fast scanning calorimetry (FSC), and microcalorimetry. Chapters define the various TA techniques, report the Temperature-Modulated DSC (TMDSC) method and its applications, especially its use for studying the thermodynamic properties of polymers and pharmaceuticals, focus on the potential of TA in materials science with applications in chemistry and engineering, demonstrate, in detail, the various applications of TA in food, electronic industries, solid-state reactions, chemistry of polymers and large directing agents, kinetic studies, demonstrate the crystal structure and phase changes occurring upon heating by TA, and the potential of TA in recycling and waste management. Gives a solid introduction to the scientific principles of TA for those who are new to these techniques or need a deeper understanding Illustrates concepts with more than 100 schematic and analysis curves, several flow charts, process diagrams and photographs Contains chapters that cover the user of TA in materials science and crystal structures
Download or read book Differential Scanning Calorimetry written by Günther Höhne and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this fully updated and revised second edition the authors provide the newcomer and the experienced practitioner with a balanced and comprehensive insight into all important DSC methods, including a sound presentation of the theoretical basis of DSC and TMDSC measurements. Emphasis is layed on instrumentation, the underlying measurement principles, metrologically correct calibrations, factors influencing the measurement process, and on the exact interpretation of the results. The information given enables the research scientist, the analyst and experienced laboratory staff to apply DSC methods successfully and to measure respective properties correctly.
Download or read book Handbook of Physical Testing of Paper written by Richard E. Mark and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 1062 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists from academic and the paper industry compile as many aspects of testing properties of paper as possible into a broad reference to help people who plan, specify, and evaluate the physical and mechanical testing of paper material take advantage of the many developments in recent years. An initial essay in each volume discusses the independent invention and widespread use of paper in Mesoamerica beginning sometime before AD 660. The two volumes are paged and indexed separately, but do not seem to be topically distinct. The first edition, Handbook of Physical and Mechanical Testing of Paper and Paperboard appeared in 1983; the second contains 30 chapters, a third of which are new and the others substantially revised, updated, and expanded. c. Book News Inc.
Download or read book The Development of the Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer DMA Calibraton and Testing Procedures written by Matthew S.. Opliger and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is the most preferred thermal analysis technique for determining the glass transition temperature (Tg) of polymer matrix composites because it is more sensitive to Tg measurements than other thermal analysis techniques. An interlaboratory study was developed and conducted by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) for its D7028-07 test standard (Tg by DMA). The results of the study indicated that reproducibility was poor between DMA instruments and laboratories. A reproducibility standard deviation of 15.09 degree F and 14.72 degree F for dry Tg and wet Tg measurements, respectively, was found. Poor reproducibility of Tg measurements creates uncertainty in cases where Tg measurements are utilized. Service temperature and process control determinations may be difficult to establish if reproducibility of Tg measurements remains poor. The goal of this research was to improve laboratory-to-laboratory and instrument-to-instrument reproducibility. To accomplish this, several potential influencers of Tg measurements, such as, thermocouple positioning, dimensional variation of specimens, and temperature calibration configurations and methods were evaluated. These evaluations were the framework to the development of thermocouple guidelines and temperature calibration procedures to aid test operators in areas where the test and calibration standards are not specific. To assess whether this goal was achieved, a follow-on interlaboratory study was conducted. A reproducibility standard deviation of 7.86 degree F and 7.30 degree F for dry Tg and wet Tg measurements, respectively, was determined. When compared with the interlaboratory study conducted by ASTM, the follow-on interlaboratory study indicated a 50% improvement in the reproducibility of Tg measurements was achieved with the implementation of the developed thermocouple guidelines and temperature calibration procedures.
Download or read book Advanced Materials for Thermal Management of Electronic Packaging written by Xingcun Colin Tong and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-05 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need for advanced thermal management materials in electronic packaging has been widely recognized as thermal challenges become barriers to the electronic industry’s ability to provide continued improvements in device and system performance. With increased performance requirements for smaller, more capable, and more efficient electronic power devices, systems ranging from active electronically scanned radar arrays to web servers all require components that can dissipate heat efficiently. This requires that the materials have high capability of dissipating heat and maintaining compatibility with the die and electronic packaging. In response to critical needs, there have been revolutionary advances in thermal management materials and technologies for active and passive cooling that promise integrable and cost-effective thermal management solutions. This book meets the need for a comprehensive approach to advanced thermal management in electronic packaging, with coverage of the fundamentals of heat transfer, component design guidelines, materials selection and assessment, air, liquid, and thermoelectric cooling, characterization techniques and methodology, processing and manufacturing technology, balance between cost and performance, and application niches. The final chapter presents a roadmap and future perspective on developments in advanced thermal management materials for electronic packaging.
Download or read book Principles of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry written by Peter J. Haines and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2002 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of thermal and calorimetric methods has shown rapid growth over the last two decades, in an increasingly wide range of applications. In addition, a number of powerful new techniques have been developed. This book supplies a concise and readable account of the principles, experimental apparatus and practical procedures used in thermal analysis and calorimetric methods of analysis. Brief accounts of the basic theory are reinforced with detailed applications of the methods and contemporary developments. Also included is information on standard test methods and manufacturers. Written by acknowledged experts, Principles of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry is up-to-date, wide-ranging and practical. It will be an important source of information for many levels of readership in a variety of areas, from students and lecturers through to industrial and laboratory staff and consultants.
Download or read book Assignment of Glass Transition Temperatures Using Thermomechanical Analysis written by CM. Earnest and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of thermomechanical analysis (TMA) as a tool for assignment of glass transition temperatures, Tg, is discussed in this paper. An attempt to address the minimum requirements of TMA instrumentation necessary for Tg assignments is included. The subject of temperature calibration of the TMA instrument, which is a prerequisite for any temperature of transition assignment, is discussed. Methodology is offered for using the TMA nstrument in the expansion mode for Tg assignments. In addition, TMA methodology mploying a flat-tipped penetration probe for the assignment of the softening temperature, Ts, is also given here. For most amorphous materials, Ts is very close to the Tg value assigned by expansion TMA or differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
Download or read book Introduction to Thermal Analysis written by M.E. Brown and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-10 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: to Thermal Analysis Techniques and Applications Edited by Michael E. Brown Chemistry Department, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK, BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW eBook ISBN: 0-306-48404-8 Print ISBN: 1-4020-0472-9 ©2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow Print ©2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht All rights reserved No part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher Created in the United States of America Visit Kluwer Online at: http://kluweronline. com and Kluwer's eBookstore at: http://ebooks. kluweronline. com CONTENTS Preface to the First Edition, Chapman & Hall, London, 1988 ix About the First Edition of this Book x Preface to the Second Edition xi 1. INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Definition and History 1 1. 2 Thermal Analysis Instruments 4 References 11 2. THERMAL EVENTS 2. 1 Introduction 13 2. 2 The Solid State 13 2. 3 Reactions of Solids 14 2. 4 Decomposition of Solids 15 2. 5 Reaction with the Surrounding Atmosphere 16 2. 6 Solid-Solid Interactions 16 References 17 3. THERMOGRAVIMETRY (TG) Introduction 3. 1 19 3. 2 The Balance 19 3. 3 Heating the Sample 21 3. 4 The Atmosphere 24 3. 5 The Sample 26 3. 6 Temperature Measurement 26 3. 7 Temperature Control 28 Sample Controlled Thermal Analysis (SCTA) 29 3. 8 3. 9 Calibration 36 3. 10 Presentation of TG Data 37 3.
