Download or read book Glass Formation Crystallization Kinetics and Structural Relaxation in Fragile Glass Forming Liquids written by Hemlata Senapati and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Dynamics of Glass Forming Systems written by George Floudas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-25 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pressure is one of the essential thermodynamic variables that, due to some former experimental difficulties, was long known as the “forgotten variable.” But this has changed over the last decade. This book includes the most essential first experiments from the 1960's and reviews the progress made in understanding glass formation with the application of pressure in the last ten years. The systems include amorphous polymers and glass-forming liquids, polypeptides and polymer blends. The thermodynamics of these systems, the relation of the structural relaxation to the chemical specificity, and their present and future potential applications are discussed in detail. The book provides (a) an overview of systems exhibiting glassy behavior in relation to their molecular structure and provides readers with the current state of knowledge on the liquid-to-glass transformation, (b) emphasizes the relation between thermodynamic state and dynamic response and (c) shows that the information on the pressure effects on dynamics can be employed in the design of materials for particular applications. It is meant to serve as an advanced introductory book for scientists and graduate students working or planning to work with dynamics. Several scientific papers dealing with the effects of pressure on dynamics have appeared in leading journals in the fields of physics in the last ten years. The book provides researchers and students new to the field with an overview of the knowledge that has been gained in a coherent and comprehensive way.
Download or read book Glass written by Jürn W. P. Schmelzer and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2014-05-08 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “This book contains overviews on technologically important classes of glasses, their treatment to achieve desired properties, theoretical approaches for the description of structure-property relationships, and new concepts in the theoretical treatment of crystallization in glass-forming systems. It contains overviews about the state of the art and about specific features for the analysis and application of important classes of glass-forming systems, and describes new developments in theoretical interpretation by well-known glass scientists. Thus, the book offers comprehensive and abundant information that is difficult to come by or has not yet been made public.” Edgar Dutra Zanotto (Center for Research, Technology and Education in Vitreous Materials, Brazil) Glass, written by a team of renowned researchers and experienced book authors in the field, presents general features of glasses and glass transitions. Different classes of glassforming systems, such as silicate glasses, metallic glasses, and polymers, are exemplified. In addition, the wide field of phase formation processes and their effect on glasses and their properties is studied both from a theoretical and experimental point of view.
Download or read book Fast Scanning Calorimetry written by Christoph Schick and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-28 with total page 796 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decades, the scan rate range of calorimeters has been extended tremendously at the high end, from approximately 10 up to 10 000 000 °C/s and more. The combination of various calorimeters and the newly-developed Fast Scanning Calorimeters (FSC) now span 11 orders of magnitude, by which many processes can be mimicked according to the time scale(s) of chemical and physical transitions occurring during cooling, heating and isothermal stays in case heat is exchanged. This not only opens new areas of research on polymers, metals, pharmaceuticals and all kinds of substances with respect to glass transition, crystallization and melting phenomena, it also enables in-depth study of metastability and reorganization of samples on an 1 to 1000 ng scale. In addition, FSC will become a crucial tool for understanding and optimization of processing methods at high speeds like injection molding. The book resembles the state-of-the art in Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry and is an excellent starting point for both experts and newcomers in the field.
Download or read book Glass written by Jürn W. P. Schmelzer and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2014-05-21 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “This book contains overviews on technologically important classes of glasses, their treatment to achieve desired properties, theoretical approaches for the description of structure-property relationships, and new concepts in the theoretical treatment of crystallization in glass-forming systems. It contains overviews about the state of the art and about specific features for the analysis and application of important classes of glass-forming systems, and describes new developments in theoretical interpretation by well-known glass scientists. Thus, the book offers comprehensive and abundant information that is difficult to come by or has not yet been made public.” Edgar Dutra Zanotto (Center for Research, Technology and Education in Vitreous Materials, Brazil) Glass, written by a team of renowned researchers and experienced book authors in the field, presents general features of glasses and glass transitions. Different classes of glassforming systems, such as silicate glasses, metallic glasses, and polymers, are exemplified. In addition, the wide field of phase formation processes and their effect on glasses and their properties is studied both from a theoretical and experimental point of view.
Download or read book Melt Chemistry Relaxation and Solidification Kinetics of Glasses written by Hong Li and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-11 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume will summarize the most recent development in experimentation, computation, and theory on chemistry of glass forming melt, including melt structure modeling and melt structure and characterizations. This volume provides a timely update on the advances in glass basic science research and development.
Download or read book The Vitreous State written by Ivan S. Gutzow and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present book is devoted to problems of a physically important state of condensed matter - the vitreous state. We tried to summarize here the experimental evidence and the different theoretical approaches - structural, thermodynamic and those of statistical physics - connected with the formation, the kinetic stability and with the general nature of glasses as a particular physical state. In addition, a summary is given on the information available concerning proces ses of nucleation and crystallization of glass-forming systems, on methods of preventing or, in contrast, catalyzing crystallization in vitrifying liquids, on the kinetics of nucleation, the modes of crystal growth in undercooled melts and the devitrification of glasses. It was our aim to summarize in the present volume the basic principles and the most significant developments of a newly emerging science - glass science - and to show that, at least, in principle, any substance can exist in the vitreous state. Moreover, we have tried to demonstrate that the characteristic properties of the vitreous state may be attributed under certain conditions not only to systems with an amorphous structure (like the common glasses) but also to a number of other states of condensed matter including the crystalline one.
Download or read book Relaxation Dynamics and Crystallization Kinetics of Glass forming Drugs written by Guadalupe Natalia Ruiz and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glassy phases play an important role in our daily life and in many industries such as the food, pharmaceutical, and construction and are responsible for certain vital mechanisms in living species. Whereas crystals are solid phases that show periodicity of the constituent atoms or molecules, glasses are disordered solids that lack long-range positional order but behave mechanically like solids. Chapter 1 of the current thesis presents an introduction to the characteristics and dynamics of glassy phases. How they are derived from the liquid phase, and how they transform into the crystalline solid phase, thermodynamically more stable. The temperature at which a liquid transforms to the amorphous (glassy) phase is called the glass transition temperature, Tg. Along this thesis the relaxation dynamics of prilocaine (PLC) and stiripentol (STP), and the isothermal crystallization process of the latter have been experimentally studied. Both PLC and STP are drugs used in medical applications mainly as anesthesia and for the treatment of epilepsy, respectively. The studied materials have been analyzed by Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS), Differential Scanning Calorimetry, X-Ray diffraction, Raman and I.R spectroscopy and confocal microscopy. The physical principles of BDS, the main experimental tool employed, are presented in Chapter 2. The details of the experimental set-ups are stated in Chapter 3. In the case of a pharmaceutical product, being able to control and foresee the aggregation phase and dissolution rate of the substance is vital. Many drugs are poorly soluble in water and thus, in biological media. The glass state of a drug is a non-equilibrium state that presents higher free energy than the crystal. This implies, that a glassy drug dissolves more rapidly and can be absorbed in larger amounts. Nevertheless, the higher free energy of glassy phases represents at the same time a major problem for shelf-life, since metastable phases are prone to spontaneously transforming into the stable crystalline state. This is a major problem, since wrong dosage or agglomeration of a drug could render it useless or toxic for the human body. Understanding the glass and crystallization dynamics of drugs, and their interaction with water is key to develop more efficient products. Water is the universal biological solvent. For most materials the addition of water leads to a decrease in viscosity, or equivalently, an increase of molecular mobility, resulting in a lower glass transition temperature Tg (the higher the water content the lower the Tg). This is referred to as the plasticizing effect of water. Chapter 4 presents a detailed analysis of both pure and hydrated prilocaine. Results show that the addition of water to PLC leads to the formation of PLC-water complexes, possibly water-bridged monomers or dimers that increase Tg. This antiplasticizing effect of water on the molecular mobility of a simple glass former represents a significant exception to the alleged universality of water as drug plasticizer. The physico-chemical origins of this behavior have been confirmed by studying the effect of confinement of the pure and hydrated drug in the pores of a nonporous structure (Chapter 5). In the case of STP, not only the glassy dynamics were studied, but also the crystallization process (Chapter 6). A sublinear correlation between the characteristic crystal-growth time and the relaxation time of the cooperative relaxation dynamics of stiripentol was found. This correlation was observed also in other substances, which suggests that it is a general correlation at temperatures above Tg. This may allow predicting a substance's crystallization time as a function of temperature. The results of this thesis provide valuable insight into the kinetics and relaxation dynamics, as well as the phase stability, of both studied drugs that could be general to other amorphous drugs. Global conclusions are outlined in Chapter 7.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Inorganic Glasses written by Arun K. Varshneya and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-05-09 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Inorganic Glasses, Third Edition, is a comprehensive reference on the field of glass science and engineering that covers numerous, significant advances. This new edition includes the most recent advances in glass physics and chemistry, also discussing groundbreaking applications of glassy materials. It is suitable for upper level glass science courses and professional glass scientists and engineers at industrial and government labs. Fundamental concepts, chapter-ending problem sets, an emphasis on key ideas, and timely notes on suggested readings are all included. The book provides the breadth required of a comprehensive reference, offering coverage of the composition, structure and properties of inorganic glasses. Clearly develops fundamental concepts and the basics of glass science and glass chemistry Provides a comprehensive discussion of the composition, structure and properties of inorganic glasses Features a discussion of the emerging applications of glass, including applications in energy, environment, pharmaceuticals, and more Concludes chapters with problem sets and suggested readings to facilitate self-study
Download or read book The Glass Transition written by E. Donth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes and interrelates the following processes: cooperative alpha processes in a cold liquid, structural relaxation in the glass near Tg, the Johari-Goldstein beta process, the Williams-Götze process in a warm liquid, fast nonactivated cage rattling and boson peak, and ultraslow Fischer modes.
Download or read book Amorphous Drugs written by Marzena Rams-Baron and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-09 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains theoretical and technological aspects of amorphous drug formulations. It is intended for all those wishing to increase their knowledge in the field of amorphous pharmaceuticals. Conversion of crystalline material into the amorphous state, as described in this book, is a way to overcome limited water solubility of drug formulations, in this way enhancing the chemical activity and bioavailability inside the body. Written by experts from various fields and backgrounds, the book introduces to fundamental physical aspects (explaining differences between the ordered and the disordered solid states, the enhancement of solubility resulting from drugs amorphization, physical instability and how it can be overcome) as well as preparation and formulation procedures to produce and stabilize amorphous pharmaceuticals. Readers will thus gain a well-funded understanding and find a multi-faceted discussion of the properties and advantages of amorphous drugs and of the challenges in producing and stabilizing them. The book is an ideal source of information for researchers and students as well as professionals engaged in research and development of amorphous pharmaceutical products.
Download or read book Glass Formation Crystallization and Relaxation in Highly Undercooled Eutectic Te Cu written by Diana K. Denzer and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Crystallization and Relaxation Kinetics in Metallic Glass forming Systems written by Mark Stringe and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Introduction to Glass Science and Technology written by James E Shelby and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a concise and inexpensive introduction for an undergraduate course in glass science and technology. The level of the book has deliberately been maintained at the introductory level to avoid confusion of the student by inclusion of more advanced material, and is unique in that its text is limited to the amount suitable for a one term course for students in materials science, ceramics or inorganic chemistry. The contents cover the fundamental topics of importance in glass science and technology, including glass formation, crystallization, phase separation and structure of glasses. Additional chapters discuss the most important properties of glasses, including discussion of physical, optical, electrical, chemical and mechanical properties. A final chapter provides an introduction to a number of methods used to form technical glasses, including glass sheet, bottles, insulation fibre, optical fibres and other common commercial products. In addition, the book contains discussion of the effects of phase separation and crystallization on the properties of glasses, which is neglected in other texts. Although intended primarily as a textbook, Introduction to Glass Science and Technology will also be invaluable to the engineer or scientist who desires more knowledge regarding the formation, properties and production of glass.
Download or read book Glasses and Glass Formers Current Issues Volume 455 written by C. A. Angell and published by . This book was released on 1997-07-08 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together researchers from various backgrounds dealing with the manifestations of the glassy or liquid state of matter, and with the ubiquitous characteristics of the structure and dynamic properties. The goal of this book is to compare the relative merits of different theoretical, computational and experimental approaches to the subject, and to promote the exchange of ideas between the individual disciplines. Papers reflect state-of-the-art knowledge on processes involved in glass formation, and on the relationships between structure and properties of glass-forming liquids, synthetic polymers and biopolymers. Emphasis is on novel experimental techniques, developments in computational methods, and on recent theoretical models which are improving the understanding of the observed phenomena. Topics include: short-time dynamics; relaxation dynamics of glasses and glass formers; glass-like systems, simulations and models; contrasting metallic, ionic, bio and polymer systems; structure, energetics and polyamorphism; and structure and dynamics of glasses and glass formers.
Download or read book The Orientational Dynamics of Fragile Glass forming Liquids an Experimental Test of Mode coupling Theory written by David Duane Brace and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structural Glasses and Supercooled Liquids written by Peter G. Wolynes and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-03-12 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions from 24 global experts in diverse fields, and edited by world-recognized leaders in physical chemistry, chemical physics and biophysics, Structural Glasses and Supercooled Liquids: Theory, Experiment, and Applications presents a modern, complete survey of glassy phenomena in many systems based on firmly established characteristics of the underlying molecular motions as deduced by first principle theoretical calculations, or with direct/single-molecule experimental techniques. A well-rounded view of a variety of disordered systems where cooperative phenomena, which are epitomized by supercooled liquids, take place is provided. These systems include structural glasses and supercooled liquids, polymers, complex liquids, protein conformational dynamics, and strongly interacting electron systems with quenched/self-generated disorder. Detailed calculations and reasoned arguments closely corresponding with experimental data are included, making the book accessible to an educated non-expert reader.
