Download or read book Gibbs Energy and Helmholtz Energy written by Emmerich Wilhelm and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2021-09-08 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the latest information on all aspects of the most important chemical thermodynamic properties of Gibbs energy and Helmholtz energy, as related to fluids. Both the Gibbs energy and Helmholtz energy are very important in the fields of thermodynamics and material properties as many other properties are obtained from the temperature or pressure dependence. Bringing all the information into one authoritative survey, the book is written by acknowledged world experts in their respective fields. Each of the chapters will cover theory, experimental methods and techniques and results for all types of liquids and vapours. This book is the fourth in the series of Thermodynamic Properties related to liquids, solutions and vapours, edited by Emmerich Wilhelm and Trevor Letcher. The previous books were: Heat Capacities (2010), Volume Properties (2015), and Enthalpy (2017). This book fills the gap in fundamental thermodynamic properties and is the last in the series.

Download or read book Chemistry 2e written by Paul Flowers and published by . This book was released on 2019-02-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemistry 2e is designed to meet the scope and sequence requirements of the two-semester general chemistry course. The textbook provides an important opportunity for students to learn the core concepts of chemistry and understand how those concepts apply to their lives and the world around them. The book also includes a number of innovative features, including interactive exercises and real-world applications, designed to enhance student learning. The second edition has been revised to incorporate clearer, more current, and more dynamic explanations, while maintaining the same organization as the first edition. Substantial improvements have been made in the figures, illustrations, and example exercises that support the text narrative. Changes made in Chemistry 2e are described in the preface to help instructors transition to the second edition.

Download or read book Physical Chemistry for the Biosciences written by Raymond Chang and published by University Science Books. This book was released on 2005-02-11 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is ideal for use in a one-semester introductory course in physical chemistry for students of life sciences. The author's aim is to emphasize the understanding of physical concepts rather than focus on precise mathematical development or on actual experimental details. Subsequently, only basic skills of differential and integral calculus are required for understanding the equations. The end-of-chapter problems have both physiochemical and biological applications.

Download or read book Thermodynamics and the Free Energy of Chemical Substances written by Gilbert Newton Lewis and published by . This book was released on 1923 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The scope of thermodynamics. Definitions; the concept of equilibrium. Conventions and mathematical methods. Solutions. The first law of thermodynamics and the concept of energy. The fugacity. Application of the second law to solutions. The perfect solution. The laws of the dilute solution. Systems involving variables other than pressure, temperature and composition. A useful function, called the activity, and its application to solutions. Change of activity with the temperature, and the calculation of activity from freezing points. The standard change of free energy; the equilibrium constant. Solutions of electrolytes. The activity of strong electrolytes. The activity of electrolytes from freezing point data, and tables of activity coefficients. Activity coefficient in mixed electrolytes; the principle of the ionic strength; the activity of individual ions. The galvanic cell. Single potentials; standard electrode potentials of the elements. The third law of thermodynamics. The entropy of monatomic gases and a table of atomic entropies. Introduction to systematic free energy calculations: the free energy of elementary hydrogen and metallic hydrides. Oxygen and its compouns with hydrogen and with some metals. Chlorine and its compouns. Bromine and its compounds. Iodine and its compounds. Nitrogen compounds. Carbon and some of its compounds. Compounds of carbon and nitrogen. Table of free energies; and examples illustrating its use. Conversion table for mol fractions, mol ratios and molities. Some useful numerical factors. Coefficients employed in converting activity, equilibrium constant and free energy from one temperature to another. Publications by the authrs, pertaining to thermodynamics.

Download or read book Principles of Modern Chemistry written by David W. Oxtoby and published by Harcourt Brace College Publishers. This book was released on 1998-07-01 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PRINCIPLES OF MODERN CHEMISTRY has dominated the honors and high mainstream general chemistry courses and is considered the standard for the course. The fifth edition is a substantial revision that maintains the rigor of previous editions but reflects the exciting modern developments taking place in chemistry today. Authors David W. Oxtoby and H. P. Gillis provide a unique approach to learning chemical principles that emphasizes the total scientific process'from observation to application'placing general chemistry into a complete perspective for serious-minded science and engineering students. Chemical principles are illustrated by the use of modern materials, comparable to equipment found in the scientific industry. Students are therefore exposed to chemistry and its applications beyond the classroom. This text is perfect for those instructors who are looking for a more advanced general chemistry textbook.

Download or read book Biological Thermodynamics written by Donald T. Haynie and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-02-14 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This inter-disciplinary guide to the thermodynamics of living organisms has been thoroughly revised and updated to provide a uniquely integrated overview of the subject. Retaining its highly readable style, it will serve as an introduction to the study of energy transformation in the life sciences and particularly as an accessible means for biology, biochemistry and bioengineering undergraduate students to acquaint themselves with the physical dimension of their subject. The emphasis throughout the text is on understanding basic concepts and developing problem-solving skills. The mathematical difficulty increases gradually by chapter, but no calculus is required. Topics covered include energy and its transformation, the First Law of Thermodynamics, Gibbs free energy, statistical thermodynamics, binding equilibria and reaction kinetics. Each chapter comprises numerous illustrative examples taken from different areas of biochemistry, as well as a broad range of exercises and references for further study.

Download or read book A Textbook of Physical Chemistry Volume 1 written by Mandeep Dalal and published by Dalal Institute. This book was released on 2018-01-01 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An advanced-level textbook of physical chemistry for the graduate (B.Sc) and postgraduate (M.Sc) students of Indian and foreign universities. This book is a part of four volume series, entitled "A Textbook of Physical Chemistry – Volume I, II, III, IV". CONTENTS: Chapter 1. Quantum Mechanics – I: Postulates of quantum mechanics; Derivation of Schrodinger wave equation; Max-Born interpretation of wave functions; The Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle; Quantum mechanical operators and their commutation relations; Hermitian operators (elementary ideas, quantum mechanical operator for linear momentum, angular momentum and energy as Hermition operator); The average value of the square of Hermitian operators; Commuting operators and uncertainty principle(x & p; E & t); Schrodinger wave equation for a particle in one dimensional box; Evaluation of average position, average momentum and determination of uncertainty in position and momentum and hence Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle; Pictorial representation of the wave equation of a particle in one dimensional box and its influence on the kinetic energy of the particle in each successive quantum level; Lowest energy of the particle. Chapter 2. Thermodynamics – I: Brief resume of first and second Law of thermodynamics; Entropy changes in reversible and irreversible processes; Variation of entropy with temperature, pressure and volume; Entropy concept as a measure of unavailable energy and criteria for the spontaneity of reaction; Free energy, enthalpy functions and their significance, criteria for spontaneity of a process; Partial molar quantities (free energy, volume, heat concept); Gibb’s-Duhem equation. Chapter 3. Chemical Dynamics – I: Effect of temperature on reaction rates; Rate law for opposing reactions of Ist order and IInd order; Rate law for consecutive & parallel reactions of Ist order reactions; Collision theory of reaction rates and its limitations; Steric factor; Activated complex theory; Ionic reactions: single and double sphere models; Influence of solvent and ionic strength; The comparison of collision and activated complex theory. Chapter 4. Electrochemistry – I: Ion-Ion Interactions: The Debye-Huckel theory of ion- ion interactions; Potential and excess charge density as a function of distance from the central ion; Debye Huckel reciprocal length; Ionic cloud and its contribution to the total potential; Debye - Huckel limiting law of activity coefficients and its limitations; Ion-size effect on potential; Ion-size parameter and the theoretical mean-activity coefficient in the case of ionic clouds with finite-sized ions; Debye - Huckel-Onsager treatment for aqueous solutions and its limitations; Debye-Huckel-Onsager theory for non-aqueous solutions; The solvent effect on the mobality at infinite dilution; Equivalent conductivity (Λ) vs. concentration c 1/2 as a function of the solvent; Effect of ion association upon conductivity (Debye- Huckel - Bjerrum equation). Chapter 5. Quantum Mechanics – II: Schrodinger wave equation for a particle in a three dimensional box; The concept of degeneracy among energy levels for a particle in three dimensional box; Schrodinger wave equation for a linear harmonic oscillator & its solution by polynomial method; Zero point energy of a particle possessing harmonic motion and its consequence; Schrodinger wave equation for three dimensional Rigid rotator; Energy of rigid rotator; Space quantization; Schrodinger wave equation for hydrogen atom, separation of variable in polar spherical coordinates and its solution; Principle, azimuthal and magnetic quantum numbers and the magnitude of their values; Probability distribution function; Radial distribution function; Shape of atomic orbitals (s,p & d). Chapter 6. Thermodynamics – II: Classius-Clayperon equation; Law of mass action and its thermodynamic derivation; Third law of thermodynamics (Nernest heat theorem, determination of absolute entropy, unattainability of absolute zero) and its limitation; Phase diagram for two completely miscible components systems; Eutectic systems, Calculation of eutectic point; Systems forming solid compounds Ax By with congruent and incongruent melting points; Phase diagram and thermodynamic treatment of solid solutions. Chapter 7. Chemical Dynamics – II: Chain reactions: hydrogen-bromine reaction, pyrolysis of acetaldehyde, decomposition of ethane; Photochemical reactions (hydrogen - bromine & hydrogen -chlorine reactions); General treatment of chain reactions (ortho-para hydrogen conversion and hydrogen - bromine reactions); Apparent activation energy of chain reactions, Chain length; Rice-Herzfeld mechanism of organic molecules decomposition(acetaldehyde); Branching chain reactions and explosions ( H2-O2 reaction); Kinetics of (one intermediate) enzymatic reaction : Michaelis-Menton treatment; Evaluation of Michaelis 's constant for enzyme-substrate binding by Lineweaver-Burk plot and Eadie-Hofstae methods; Competitive and non-competitive inhibition. Chapter 8. Electrochemistry – II: Ion Transport in Solutions: Ionic movement under the influence of an electric field; Mobility of ions; Ionic drift velocity and its relation with current density; Einstein relation between the absolute mobility and diffusion coefficient; The Stokes- Einstein relation; The Nernst -Einstein equation; Walden’s rule; The Rate-process approach to ionic migration; The Rate process equation for equivalent conductivity; Total driving force for ionic transport, Nernst - Planck Flux equation; Ionic drift and diffusion potential; the Onsager phenomenological equations; The basic equation for the diffusion; Planck-Henderson equation for the diffusion potential.

Download or read book Phase Diagrams and Thermodynamic Modeling of Solutions written by Arthur D. Pelton and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-09-19 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phase Diagrams and Thermodynamic Modeling of Solutions provides readers with an understanding of thermodynamics and phase equilibria that is required to make full and efficient use of these tools. The book systematically discusses phase diagrams of all types, the thermodynamics behind them, their calculations from thermodynamic databases, and the structural models of solutions used in the development of these databases. Featuring examples from a wide range of systems including metals, salts, ceramics, refractories, and concentrated aqueous solutions, Phase Diagrams and Thermodynamic Modeling of Solutions is a vital resource for researchers and developers in materials science, metallurgy, combustion and energy, corrosion engineering, environmental engineering, geology, glass technology, nuclear engineering, and other fields of inorganic chemical and materials science and engineering. Additionally, experts involved in developing thermodynamic databases will find a comprehensive reference text of current solution models. Presents a rigorous and complete development of thermodynamics for readers who already have a basic understanding of chemical thermodynamics Provides an in-depth understanding of phase equilibria Includes information that can be used as a text for graduate courses on thermodynamics and phase diagrams, or on solution modeling Covers several types of phase diagrams (paraequilibrium, solidus projections, first-melting projections, Scheil diagrams, enthalpy diagrams), and more

Download or read book Essential Classical Thermodynamics written by Ulf W. Gedde and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-04 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a concise, readable, yet authoritative primer of basic classic thermodynamics. Many students have difficulty with thermodynamics, and find at some stage of their careers in academia or industry that they have forgotten what they learned, or never really understood these fundamental physical laws. As the title of the book suggests, the author has distilled the subject down to its essentials, using many simple and clear illustrations, instructive examples, and key equations and simple derivations to elucidate concepts. Based on many years of teaching experience at the undergraduate and graduate levels, “Essential Classical Thermodynamics” is intended to provide a positive learning experience, and to empower the reader to explore the many possibilities for applying thermodynamics in other fields of science, engineering, and even economics where energy plays a central role. Thermodynamics is fun when you understand it!

Download or read book Volume Properties written by Emmerich Wilhelm and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2014-12-17 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volumetric properties play an important role in research at the interface of physical chemistry and chemical engineering, but keeping up with the latest developments in the field demands a broad view of the literature. Presenting a collection of concise, focused chapters, this book offers a comprehensive guide to the latest developments in the field and a starting point for more detailed research. The chapters are written by acknowledged experts, covering theory, experimental methods, techniques, and results on all types of liquids and vapours. The editors work at the forefront of thermodynamics in mixtures and solutions and have brought together contributions from all areas related to volume properties, offering a synergy of ideas across the field. Graduates, researchers and anyone working in the field of volumes will find this book to be their key reference.

Download or read book Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire written by Sadi Carnot and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2012-05-09 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The title essay, along with other papers in this volume, laid the foundation of modern thermodynamics. Highly readable, "Reflections" contains no arguments that depend on calculus, examining the relation between heat and work in terms of heat in steam engines, air-engines, and an internal combustion machine. Translation of 1890 edition.

Download or read book Physical Chemistry for the Life Sciences written by Peter Atkins and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2011-01-30 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peter Atkins and Julio de Paula offer a fully integrated approach to the study of physical chemistry and biology.

Download or read book On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances written by Josiah Willard Gibbs and published by . This book was released on 1875 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Free Energy Relationships in Organic and Bio organic Chemistry written by Andrew Williams and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2003 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introducing the application of free energy correlations to elucidating the mechanisms of organic and bio-organic reactions, this book provides a new and illuminating way of approaching a potentially complex topic. The idea of how free energy correlations derive from polar substituent change is introduced, and common pitfalls encountered in the application of free energy relationships are described, along with the use of these anomalies in mechanistic studies. The concept of effective charge is described in detail, with examples of its application. Throughout, worked answers are provided for the problems posed. Databases of parameters, an extensive bibliography and comprehensive lists of further reading are also included. The text provides an invaluable source of information to senior undergraduates, postgraduates and to industrial researchers with an interest in mechanistic studies. It is the first such book in more than thirty years.

Download or read book Biochemical Thermodynamics written by Robert A. Alberty and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-03-31 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Navigate the complexities of biochemical thermodynamics with Mathematica(r) Chemical reactions are studied under the constraints of constant temperature and constant pressure; biochemical reactions are studied under the additional constraints of pH and, perhaps, pMg or free concentrations of other metal ions. As more intensive variables are specified, more thermodynamic properties of a system are defined, and the equations that represent thermodynamic properties as a function of independent variables become more complicated. This sequel to Robert Alberty's popular Thermodynamics of Biochemical Reactions describes how researchers will find Mathematica(r) a simple and elegant tool, which makes it possible to perform complex calculations that would previously have been impractical. Biochemical Thermodynamics: Applications of Mathematica(r) provides a comprehensive and rigorous treatment of biochemical thermodynamics using Mathematica(r) to practically resolve thermodynamic issues. Topics covered include: * Thermodynamics of the dissociation of weak acids * Apparent equilibrium constants * Biochemical reactions at specified temperatures and various pHs * Uses of matrices in biochemical thermodynamics * Oxidoreductase, transferase, hydrolase, and lyase reactions * Reactions at 298.15K * Thermodynamics of the binding of ligands by proteins * Calorimetry of biochemical reactions Because Mathematica(r) allows the intermingling of text and calculations, this book has been written in Mathematica(r) and includes a CD-ROM containing the entire book along with macros that help scientists and engineers solve their particular problems.

Download or read book Physical Chemistry of Gas Liquid Interfaces written by Jennifer A. Faust and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-05-31 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical Chemistry of Gas-Liquid Interfaces, the first volume in the Developments in Physical & Theoretical Chemistry series, addresses the physical chemistry of gas transport and reactions across liquid surfaces. Gas–liquid interfaces are all around us, especially within atmospheric systems such as sea spry aerosols, cloud droplets, and the surface of the ocean. Because the reaction environment at liquid surfaces is completely unlike bulk gas or bulk liquid, chemists must readjust their conceptual framework when entering this field. This book provides the necessary background in thermodynamics and computational and experimental techniques for scientists to obtain a thorough understanding of the physical chemistry of liquid surfaces in complex, real-world environments. - 2019 PROSE Awards - Winner: Category: Chemistry and Physics: Association of American Publishers - Provides an interdisciplinary view of the chemical dynamics of liquid surfaces, making the content of specific use to physical chemists and atmospheric scientists - Features 100 figures and illustrations to underscore key concepts and aid in retention for young scientists in industry and graduate students in the classroom - Helps scientists who are transitioning to this field by offering the appropriate thermodynamic background and surveying the current state of research

Download or read book Thermodynamics of Polymerization written by Hideo Sawada and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: