Download or read book Scientific Research In World War II written by Ad Maas and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-01-13 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book seeks to explore how scientists across a number of countries managed to cope with the challenging circumstances created by World War II. No scientist remained unaffected by the outbreak of WWII. As the book shows, there were basically two opposite ways in which the war encroached on the life of a scientific researcher. In some cases, the outbreak of the war led to engagement in research in support of a war-waging country; in the other extreme, it resulted in their marginalisation. The book, starting with the most marginalised scientist and ending with those fully engaged in the war-effort, covers the whole spectrum of enormously varying scientific fates. Distinctive features of the volume include: a focus on the experiences of ‘ordinary’ scientists, rather than on figureheads like Oppenheimer or Otto Hahn contributions from a range of renowned academics including Mark Walker, an authority in the field of science in World War II a detailed study of the Netherlands during the German Occupation This richly illustrated volume will be of major interest to researchers of the history of science, World War II, and Modern History.
Download or read book Geschichte der Kaiser Wilhelm Gesellschaft im Nationalsozialismus Kampfstoff forschung im nationalsozialismus zur kooperation von kaiser wilhelm instituten militar und industrie 2005 written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare Research Deployment Consequences written by Bretislav Friedrich and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-26 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license. On April 22, 1915, the German military released 150 tons of chlorine gas at Ypres, Belgium. Carried by a long-awaited wind, the chlorine cloud passed within a few minutes through the British and French trenches, leaving behind at least 1,000 dead and 4,000 injured. This chemical attack, which amounted to the first use of a weapon of mass destruction, marks a turning point in world history. The preparation as well as the execution of the gas attack was orchestrated by Fritz Haber, the director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry in Berlin-Dahlem. During World War I, Haber transformed his research institute into a center for the development of chemical weapons (and of the means of protection against them). Bretislav Friedrich and Martin Wolf (Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, the successor institution of Haber’s institute) together with Dieter Hoffmann, Jürgen Renn, and Florian Schmaltz (Max Planck Institute for the History of Science) organized an international symposium to commemorate the centenary of the infamous chemical attack. The symposium examined crucial facets of chemical warfare from the first research on and deployment of chemical weapons in WWI to the development and use of chemical warfare during the century hence. The focus was on scientific, ethical, legal, and political issues of chemical weapons research and deployment — including the issue of dual use — as well as the ongoing effort to control the possession of chemical weapons and to ultimately achieve their elimination. The volume consists of papers presented at the symposium and supplemented by additional articles that together cover key aspects of chemical warfare from 22 April 1915 until the summer of 2015.
Download or read book Hitler written by Brendan Simms and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2019-10-01 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From a prize-winning historian, the definitive biography of Adolph Hitler Hitler offers a deeply learned and radically revisionist biography, arguing that the dictator's main strategic enemy, from the start of his political career in the 1920s, was not communism or the Soviet Union, but capitalism and the United States. Whereas most historians have argued that Hitler underestimated the American threat, Simms shows that Hitler embarked on a preemptive war with the United States precisely because he considered it such a potent adversary. The war against the Jews was driven both by his anxiety about combatting the supposed forces of international plutocracy and by a broader desire to maintain the domestic cohesion he thought necessary for survival on the international scene. A powerfully argued and utterly definitive account of a murderous tyrant we thought we understood, Hitler is essential reading for anyone seeking to understand the origins and outcomes of the Second World War.
Download or read book New Dictionary of Scientific Biography written by Noretta Koertge and published by Scribner. This book was released on 2008 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Also available online as part of the Gale Virtual Reference Library under the title Complete dictionary of scientific biography.
Download or read book Man Medicine and the State written by Wolfgang Uwe Eckart and published by Franz Steiner Verlag. This book was released on 2006 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This anthology unites articles about different aspects of scientific human experiments in the course of World War I to the 1960s. The majority of them deals with the development of medicine and life sciences as well as the national research promotion under the Nazi regime and during World War II. Studies on human experiments of French, Japanese, and US-American research enlarge the perspective on a problem of obviously international range. These empirical studies are supplemented by articles on the legal evaluation of this behaviour of scientists, as well as on the resulting movement to formulate binding transnational ethical codes on behalf of human experiments.
Download or read book Karl Brandt The Nazi Doctor written by Ulf Schmidt and published by Bloomsbury Continuum. This book was released on 2007-08-15 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first full-scale biography of Karl Brandt, one of the most powerful figures of the Third Reich. It tells the story of his rise to power and influence at the heart of Hitler's coterie of trusted advisors and confidants. It also tells of his exe
Download or read book One Hundred Years at the Intersection of Chemistry and Physics written by Jeremiah James and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-10-27 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, occasioned by the centenary of the Fritz Haber Institute, formerly the Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, covers the institute's scientific and institutional history from its founding until the present. The institute was among the earliest established by the Kaiser Wilhelm Society, and its inauguration was one of the first steps in the development of Berlin-Dahlem into a center for scientific research. Its establishment was made possible by an endowment from Leopold Koppel, granted on the condition that Fritz Haber, well-known for his discovery of a method to synthesize ammonia from its elements, be made its director. The history of the institute has largely paralleled that of 20th-century Germany. It undertook controversial weapons research during World War I, followed by a "Golden Era" during the 1920s, in spite of financial hardships. Under the National Socialists it experienced a purge of its scientific staff and a diversion of its research into the service of the new regime, accompanied by a breakdown in its international relations. In the immediate aftermath of World War II it suffered crippling material losses, from which it recovered slowly in the post-war era. In 1953, shortly after taking the name of its founding director, the institute joined the fledgling Max Planck Society. During the 1950s and 60s, the institute supported diverse researches into the structure of matter and electron microscopy in a territorially insular and politically precarious West-Berlin. In subsequent decades, as both Berlin and the Max Planck Society underwent significant changes, the institute reorganized around a board of coequal scientific directors and a renewed focus on the investigation of elementary processes on surfaces and interfaces, topics of research that had been central to the work of Fritz Haber and the first "Golden Era" of the institute.
Download or read book Plant Breeding and Agrarian Research in Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes 1933 1945 written by Susanne Heim and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-27 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A history of the agricultural sciences in Nazi Germany is presented in this book. The book analyzes scientific practice under the Nazi regime, Nazi agricultural policy and autarkic strategies, and the expansion policy in Eastern Europe. It offers new insights into the Auschwitz concentration camp and new perspectives on the cooperation between German elite scientists and the Nazi regime. The book goes on to dismiss the assumption that "Arian physics" were typical for Nazi Germany.
Download or read book Murderous Science written by Benno Müller-Hill and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Human Genome Project has associated many mutant genes with physical ailments and the genetic basis of certain behavioral characteristics is being seriously discussed. In the 1920s and 1930s, advocates for eugenics claimed that genes influenced human behavior, but with no valid evidence. In Germany the Nazis adopted their ideas to justify violent anti-semitism. In this new, expanded edition of the English translation of his compelling book Todliche Wissenschaft,the distinguished German geneticist Benno Muller-Hill documents the long-suppressed collusion of eugenics and racist politics which resulted in the mass murder of millions. In a new Afterword, he warns against the misuse today of newly emerging knowledge about human heredity. In an accompanying essay, Nobel Laureate James D. Watson, an architect of this new era of genetics, vividly describes a recent visit to Berlin and his impressions of the legacy of eugenics in German science.
Download or read book Surviving the Swastika written by Kristie Macrakis and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1993 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of the Kaiser Wilhelm Gesellschaft in the Nazi period. Ch. 3 (p. 51-72), "From Accommodation to Passive Opposition, 1933-35," discusses the dismissal of Jews from the various institutes. Max Planck tried to protect his Jewish colleagues from the Nazi authorities, but in vain. The only act of resistance undertaken by the scientists was the Fritz Haber Memorial Ceremony in 1935 (Haber, a Jewish scientist, died in Switzerland in 1934); the Nazis reluctantly allowed it to be held.
Download or read book Doctors Of Infamy The Story Of The Nazi Medical Crimes written by Alexander Mitscherlich and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With 16 pages of photographs One of the most shocking aspects of the Nazi treatment of their prisoners was the wanton cruelty of the doctors assigned to the concentration camps that were dotted throughout occupied Europe. In an ironic perversion of their Hippocratic oath doctors, such as the infamous Mangele, carried out horrendous experiments on their captive victims in the name of science. As part of the Nuremberg trials the Nazi medical establishment was called to account for these crimes against humanity. Alexander Mitscherlich was the doctor assigned to carry out a full investigation into the crimes across all of Europe; in his report embodied in this book, reported on the awful scale and complicity of the Nazis. The terrible details have to be read to be believed in this shocking book.
Download or read book The Nazi War on Cancer written by Robert Proctor and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-05 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collaboration in the Holocaust. Murderous and torturous medical experiments. The "euthanasia" of hundreds of thousands of people with mental or physical disabilities. Widespread sterilization of "the unfit." Nazi doctors committed these and countless other atrocities as part of Hitler's warped quest to create a German master race. Robert Proctor recently made the explosive discovery, however, that Nazi Germany was also decades ahead of other countries in promoting health reforms that we today regard as progressive and socially responsible. Most startling, Nazi scientists were the first to definitively link lung cancer and cigarette smoking. Proctor explores the controversial and troubling questions that such findings raise: Were the Nazis more complex morally than we thought? Can good science come from an evil regime? What might this reveal about health activism in our own society? Proctor argues that we must view Hitler's Germany more subtly than we have in the past. But he also concludes that the Nazis' forward-looking health activism ultimately came from the same twisted root as their medical crimes: the ideal of a sanitary racial utopia reserved exclusively for pure and healthy Germans. Author of an earlier groundbreaking work on Nazi medical horrors, Proctor began this book after discovering documents showing that the Nazis conducted the most aggressive antismoking campaign in modern history. Further research revealed that Hitler's government passed a wide range of public health measures, including restrictions on asbestos, radiation, pesticides, and food dyes. Nazi health officials introduced strict occupational health and safety standards, and promoted such foods as whole-grain bread and soybeans. These policies went hand in hand with health propaganda that, for example, idealized the Führer's body and his nonsmoking, vegetarian lifestyle. Proctor shows that cancer also became an important social metaphor, as the Nazis portrayed Jews and other "enemies of the Volk" as tumors that must be eliminated from the German body politic. This is a disturbing and profoundly important book. It is only by appreciating the connections between the "normal" and the "monstrous" aspects of Nazi science and policy, Proctor reveals, that we can fully understand not just the horror of fascism, but also its deep and seductive appeal even to otherwise right-thinking Germans.
Download or read book The Story of the Rockefeller Foundation written by Raymond B. Fosdick and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-29 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its original publication in 1952, Fosdick's book has been the single most reliable treatment of one of the most important philanthropies in the United States and indeed the world. Fosdick served as president of the foundation for twelve years, from 1936 to 1948, when it was the largest grant-making endow-ment in the world. As Steven Wheatley notes in his valuable new introduction, in part The Story of the Rockefeller Foundation was intended as an instrument of institutional self-defense. When it was written, the foundation community was under mounting political attack from the right, and the book was meant to help balance the Scales by cataloging the foundation's good works. As a deliberate self-portrait, the book conceals as much as it reveals, while in the process it reveals a good deal about the author. Fosdick sees politics, like bureaucracy, as perhaps an avoidable problem and not an inevitable consequence of foundation activity. He sees foundations as engaging in the application of scientific, tech-nical, and organizational solutions to public problems through a ""venture cap-ital"" approach to discovering how to resolve them. Fosdick's ""higher ground"" approach became established philanthropic practice far beyond the Rockefeller Foundation. Consequently, this volume is significant as an institutional history as well as a charter for American foundations.
Download or read book Victims and Survivors of Nazi Human Experiments written by Paul Weindling and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2015-02-12 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the coerced human experiments are notorious among all the atrocities under National Socialism, they have been marginalised by mainstream historians. This book seeks to remedy the marginalisation, and to place the experiments in the context of the broad history of National Socialism and the Holocaust. Paul Weindling bases this study on the reconstruction of a victim group through individual victims' life histories, and by weaving the victims' experiences collectively together in terms of different groupings, especially gender, ethnicity and religion, age, and nationality. The timing of the experiments, where they occurred, how many victims there were, and who they were, is analysed, as are hitherto under-researched aspects such as Nazi anatomy and executions. The experiments are also linked, more broadly, to major elements in the dynamic and fluid Nazi power structure and the implementation of racial policies. The approach is informed by social history from below, exploring both the rationales and motives of perpetrators, but assessing these critically in the light of victim narratives.
Download or read book The Globalization of Knowledge in History written by Jürgen Renn and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Politics and Science in Wartime written by Carola Sachse and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Politics and Science in Wartime brings together a team of internationally known scholars who compare science and its practices in the Third Reich to that in other wartime nations. Their nuanced conclusions on topics ranging from scientific mobilization and purges to the ethics of scientific practice offer new perspectives on science under extreme political conditions.
