Download or read book Germany s Interests and Policy in and Toward the Middle East in the Context of the Arab Israeli Conflict written by Thomas H. Papenroth and published by . This book was released on 2001-06-01 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the years Bonn and Berlin's policy and decision-makers adopted a pragmatic multilateral attitude that serves Germany's interests best. Today, Germany executes the concept of a civilian power. Supranationalism and institutional cooperation, followed by integration are the key ideas to formulate and represent power and national interests. As one of the largest industrial and trading nations, Germany is dependent upon a stable and well- functioning economic system that is committed to free trade relying largely on imported raw materials and energy - i.e., low-cost oil from the Middle East. In this context, German politics has an interesting and unique position. Germany's policy in the Middle East is somewhat ambiguous. The Federal Republic's dependency on oil inclines Germany toward the Arab states. The second factor is the historical moral burden bequeathed by the Third Reich that tends to tilt German diplomacy toward Israel. Germany's dilemma is its polarized Middle Eastern policy; German leadership carefully maintains a political neutral position keeping the country's economic interests in mind, along with considerations of an evenhanded approach toward the Middle East.
Download or read book Germany and Israel written by George Lavy and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1952 the Federal Republic of Germany concluded a treaty with Israel in terms of which the Germans were to pay three billion Deutschmarks in compensation for the murder of Jews by Hitler's regime during the Second World War. This was an extremely large sum at that time considering that Germany was still recovering from the war, but the Israelis felt that Germany owed Israel a financial as well as a moral debt and thus expected further aid and protection. In the early 1960s a secret arms agreement was reached whereby Germany delivered quantities of weapons to Israel, which felt threatened by its Arab neighbours. This was followed by more economic aid. There was enthusiastic moral support by the German public during the Six-Day War and in 1973 Germany was one of the few European countries to allow American weapons to be sent from its territory to Israel, then engaged in the Yom Kippur War. The political status of West Germany gradually increased, however, and this caused it to give greater emphasis to its own national interest. The result was a cooling in the relationship between the two countries. This book examines the reasons that motivated Germany to grant aid to Israel and the change in their relations as the German economy flourished and gained influence in world affairs.
Download or read book Beliefs and Policymaking in the Middle East Analysis of the Israeli Palestinian Conflict written by Linda Marie Saghi Aidan, PhD and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2005-09-13 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Click here to read an excerpt from the book. I have long tried to understand why the Arab-Israeli Conflict has not been resolved. Despite many attempts at regional and international negotiations since the time of the Mandate, the Conflict has persisted and the Palestinians still do not have a state. The continuation of the Palestinian question within the more general context of this issue places it at the heart of the Conflict and this is the reason why I centered my analysis on the Israelis and just the Palestinians (instead of all the Arab states in the region). Lack of a solution to the Arab-Israeli Conflict may thus be associated with absence of a state for the Palestinians. My case study begins with a brief introduction to trends in negotiations after which I come to my central research question: Why, despite all these attempts at negotiation had the Arab-Israeli Conflict not been resolved? I had a feeling the problem might have to do with beliefs. That is, both sides to the Conflict held (and some still hold) maximalist beliefs about having the whole of what was mandated Palestine for themselves. Both sides have made advances toward peace but the Conflict continues and the Palestinians still do not have a state. I assumed that unless both sides changed their beliefs regarding territory there would be no resolution to the Conflict. In my view, change was not a matter of eliminating a belief but changing the priority of one belief over another, i.e. to believe in peace instead of believing in having all the land of Palestine. Before developing some ideas about beliefs in the next section, I reviewed some of the literature in international relations that dealt with conflict analysis. Two of the more popular ones are the realist approach and organizational theory. Realist theorists Hans Morgenthau and Kenneth Waltz examine conflict in terms of maximizing interests, in particular power. (See Introduction.) Their approaches can explain situations where interests are clear-cut but power cannot always impose itself as is seen by international attempts at negotiation or even Israel’s efforts to impose a solution on the Palestinians. Organizational theory does not necessarily explain situations where state or government bureaucracies don’t exist, e.g. with the Palestinians during the time of the Mandate. I then decided to go ahead and see what beliefs had to offer to conflict analysis. In the section following the realist and organization discussion, I looked at beliefs from the standpoint of belief system theorists in international relations and from the psychological approaches that influenced them. In order to better examine beliefs and be able to use them to explain this Conflict (and perhaps others later), I formulated four questions and then looked at what belief system theorists and psychologists had to say about them: How were beliefs formed, were they consistent with behavior, could they change and if so, how. Two of the major theories in psychology were looked at: Attribution and learning. (See Introduction for more on these approaches.) From these two approaches we can learn much about how beliefs are formed and, in so doing, how they can change. For example, in interpreting incoming information individuals tend to attribute causes to explaining event. This causation process implies some reasoning ability and facilitates learning. One problem with attribution theory is that it indicates what an individual should do but the person is not always so careful in causal analysis. Still, the approach is valuable to understanding beliefs. These theories also highlight the importance of experience, as the past is so often the source of recurrent behavior. For any successful negotiation, communicat
Download or read book Germany s Relations with Israel written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most observers agree that moral considerations surrounding the Holocaust continue to compel German leaders to make support for Israel a policy priority. Since 1949, successive German governments have placed this support at the forefront of their Middle East policy and today, Germany, along with the United States, is widely considered one of Israel's closest allies. Germany ranks as Israel's second largest trading partner and long-standing defense and scientific cooperation, people-topeople exchanges and cultural ties between the two countries continue to grow. On the other hand, public criticism of Israel in Germany, and particularly of its policies with regard to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, appears to be on the rise. Since the mid-1990s, German policy toward Israel has become progressively influenced by Germany's commitment to a two-state solution to the IsraeliPalestinian conflict. Germany has been one of the single largest contributors to the Palestinian Authority (PA) and an increasingly vocal advocate for European Union (EU) engagement in the Middle East. Germany's September 2006 decision to send a naval contingent to the Lebanese coast as part of an expanded United Nations mission after Israel's July 2006 war with Hezbollah is considered to have significantly raised German interest in a resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and sparked widespread debate within Germany regarding the evolution of the German-Israeli relationship and Germany's role in the region. Stating that the IsraeliPalestinian conflict lies at the root of other challenges in the Middle East, German Chancellor Angela Merkel has announced her intention to revive international engagement in the peace process while Germany holds the EU's rotating presidency during the first half of 2007. Given Germany's long-standing support of Israel and close ties to the United States, Israeli and Bush Administration officials have generally welcomed the idea of increased German engagement in the region. For their part, German officials and politicians assert that their commitment to Israel and active U.S. involvement in the Israeli-Palestinian peace process remain the paramount drivers of German policy in the Middle East. However, most experts indicate that Germany will be hard-pressed to overcome both U.S. inattention stemming from a perceived preoccupation with Iraq, and diminished support for Israel and the United States among other EU member states, to forge a revived transatlantic approach to the peace process. Furthermore, the presence of German troops in Lebanon, growing public opposition to Israeli policies and Germany's commitment to a European approach lead others to highlight a growing potential for divergence between German policy on the one hand and Israeli and U.S. policies on the other. This report will be updated as events warrant. For related information, see CRS Report RL31956, European Views and Policies Toward the Middle East; CRS Report RL33476, Israel: Background and Relations with the United States; and CRS Report RL33530, Israeli-Arab Negotiations: Background, Conflicts, and U.S. Policy.
Download or read book Germany and Israel written by Daniel Marwecki and published by Hurst & Company. This book was released on 2020 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to common perception, the Federal Republic of Germany supported the formation of the Israeli state for moral reasons--to atone for its Nazi past--but did not play a significant role in the Arab-Israeli conflict. However, the historical record does not sustain this narrative. Daniel Marwecki's pathbreaking analysis deconstructs the myths surrounding the odd alliance between Israel and post-war democratic Germany. Thorough archival research shows how German policymakers often had disingenuous, cynical or even partly antisemitic motivations, seeking to whitewash their Nazi past by supporting the new Israeli state. This is the true context of West Germany's crucial backing of Israel in the 1950s and '60s. German economic and military support greatly contributed to Israel's early consolidation and eventual regional hegemony. This initial alliance has affected Germany's role in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict to the present day. Marwecki reassesses German foreign policymaking and identity-shaping, and raises difficult questions about German responsibility after the Holocaust, exploring the many ways in which the genocide of European Jews and the dispossession of the Palestinians have become tragically intertwined in the Middle East's international politics. This long overdue investigation sheds new light on a major episode in the history of the modern Middle East.
Download or read book Israelpolitik written by Lorena De Vita and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-01 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapprochement between Germany and Israel in the aftermath of the Holocaust is one of the most striking political developments of the twentieth century. German Chancellor Angela Merkel recently referred to it as a ‘miracle’. But how did this ‘miracle’ come about? In this book, Lorena De Vita traces the contradictions and dilemmas that shaped the making of German–Israeli relations at the outset of the global Cold War. Examining well known events like the Suez Crisis, the Eichmann Trial, and the Six-Day War, the book adopts a ‘pericentric’ perspective on the Cold War era, drawing attention to the actions and experiences of minor players within the confrontation and highlighting the consequences of their political calculations. Israelpolitik takes two of the most interesting dimensions of the Cold War – the German problem and the Middle East conflict – and weaves them together, providing a bipolar history of German-Israeli relations in the aftermath of the Holocaust. Drawing upon sources from both sides of the Iron Curtain and of the Arab–Israeli conflict, the book offers new insights not only into the early history of German–Israeli relations, but also into the dynamics of the Cold War competition between the two German states, as each attempted to strengthen its position in the Middle East and in the international arena while struggling with the legacy of the Nazi past.
Download or read book World Politics and the Arab Israeli Conflict written by Robert Owen Freedman and published by Pergamon. This book was released on 1979 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indholdet stammer fra en konference i Baltimore i marts 1978, der drejede sig om global politik belyst i relation til den arabisk - israelske konflikt og de fremtidige arabisk-israelske relationer. I et tillæg er udviklingen frem til foråret 1979 belyst.
Download or read book Germany and the Middle East written by Volker Perthes and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nazi Germany and the Arab World written by Francis R. Nicosia and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the intent and policy of Nazi Germany in the Arab world from 1933 to 1944. It analyzes Germany's support for continued European domination of the Arab states of North Africa and the Middle East and Germany's rejection of truly sovereign Arab states in those regions.
Download or read book Land Labor and the Origins of the Israeli Palestinian Conflict 1882 1914 written by Gershon Shafir and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1996-08-19 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gershon Shafir challenges the heroic myths about the foundation of the State of Israel by investigating the struggle to control land and labor during the early Zionist enterprise. He argues that it was not the imported Zionist ideas that were responsible for the character of the Israeli state, but the particular conditions of the local conflict between the European "settlers" and the Palestinian Arab population.
Download or read book The Weight of History written by Anne-Kathrin Kreft and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Germany and Israel an Unlikely Alliance written by Daniel B. Marwecki and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book European Union Policy towards the Arab Israeli Peace Process written by C. Musu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-02-12 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What are the achievements, the limits and the failures of the EU's involvement in the Arab-Israeli conflict? This book sets out to answer this question by analysing the development of European policy towards the conflict over the last forty years.
Download or read book European Foreign Policy Making and the Arab Israeli Conflict written by David John Allen and published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. This book was released on 1984-01-01 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book World Report 2018 written by Human Rights Watch and published by Seven Stories Press. This book was released on 2018-01-30 with total page 810 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The human rights records of more than ninety countries and territories are put into perspective in Human Rights Watch's signature yearly report. Reflecting extensive investigative work undertaken in 2016 by Human Rights Watch staff, in close partnership with domestic human rights activists, the annual World Report is an invaluable resource for journalists, diplomats, and citizens, and is a must-read for anyone interested in the fight to protect human rights in every corner of the globe.
Download or read book The European Community and the Arab Israeli Conflict written by Nayif Abu Khalaf and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Passion of Max Von Oppenheim written by Lionel Gossman and published by Open Book Publishers. This book was released on 2013 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Born into a prominent German Jewish banking family, Baron Max von Oppenheim (1860-1946) was a keen amateur archaeologist and ethnologist. His discovery and excavation of Tell Halaf in Syria marked an important contribution to knowledge of the ancient Middle East, while his massive study of the Bedouins is still consulted by scholars today. He was also an ardent German patriot, eager to support his country's pursuit of its "place in the sun." Excluded by his part-Jewish ancestry from the regular diplomatic service, Oppenheim earned a reputation as "the Kaiser's spy" because of his intriguing against the British in Cairo, as well as his plan, at the start of the First World War, to incite Muslims under British, French and Russian rule to a jihad against the colonial powers. After 1933, despite being half-Jewish according to the Nuremberg Laws, Oppenheim was not persecuted by the Nazis. In fact, he placed his knowledge of the Middle East and his connections with Muslim leaders at the service of the regime. Ranging widely over many fields - from war studies to archaeology and banking history - 'The Passion of Max von Oppenheim' tells the gripping and at times unsettling story of one part-Jewish man's passion for his country in the face of persistent and, in his later years, genocidal anti-Semitism.
