Download or read book Germany Hungary and the Crusade in the Reign of Emperor Sigismund 1400 1437 written by Mark Whelan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-10-28 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This selection of over 100 texts, nearly all appearing for the first time in English translation, illustrates the struggle between the Christians and Ottomans on the Danube frontier, and features coverage of the broader political, military, and diplomatic debates provoked in Christendom by the spectre of the Turkish threat in the Balkans. Sigismund of Luxemburg, as King of Hungary and Holy Roman Emperor, was at the forefront in crafting the response to the Ottomans in the first few decades of the fifteenth century. He personally led military campaigns on the Danube frontier and was instrumental in bringing the political elites of Europe together to discuss programmes which could defend Christendom, notably at the ecclesiastical assemblies of Constance (1414-1418) and Basle (1431-39), as well as at political assemblies such as the Congress of Lutszk (1429) and the Nuremberg Reichstag (1431). The range of materials in this volume, including items of correspondence, financial accounts, orations, synodal documents, and military memoranda, many of which have never been published before, shed light on the varied manners in which he sought to combat Ottoman expansion, and places his efforts within the broader context of Christendomâe(tm)s response to the Turkish threat. The texts chosen do not just shed new light on the military responses of the so-called âe~frontlineâe(tm) Catholic powers, such as Hungary, Poland and Austria, but highlight hitherto largely unnoticed diplomatic and political methods utilised to combat the Turkish threat in the early decades of the fifteenth century, including the use of public ceremony, the manipulation of crusading propaganda and motifs, and the employment of chivalric orders. In spite of the Christian reversals in the Balkans and the often terrifying spectre of the Ottoman advance in contemporary imaginations, these texts reveal the continuing energy, innovation and purpose throughout Christendom which accompanied the efforts to resist the Turks.
Download or read book The Crusade in the Fifteenth Century written by Norman Housley and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-06-17 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasingly, historians acknowledge the significance of crusading activity in the fifteenth century, and they have started to explore the different ways in which it shaped contemporary European society. Just as important, however, was the range of interactions which took place between the three faith communities which were most affected by crusade, namely the Catholic and Orthodox worlds, and the adherents of Islam. Discussion of these interactions forms the theme of this book. Two essays consider the impact of the fall of Constantinople in 1453 on the conquering Ottomans and the conquered Byzantines. The next group of essays reviews different aspects of the crusading response to the Turks, ranging from Emperor Sigismund to Papal legates. The third set of contributions considers diplomatic and cultural interactions between Islam and Christianity, including attempts made to forge alliances of Christian and Muslim powers against the Ottomans. Last, a set of essays looks at what was arguably the most complex region of all for inter-faith relations, the Balkans, exploring the influence of crusading ideas in the eastern Adriatic, Bosnia and Romania. Viewed overall, this collection of essays makes a powerful contribution to breaking down the old and discredited view of monolithic and mutually exclusive "fortresses of faith". Nobody would question the extent and intensity of religious violence in fifteenth-century Europe, but this volume demonstrates that it was played out within a setting of turbulent diversity. Religious and ethnic identities were volatile, allegiances negotiable, and diplomacy, ideological exchange and human contact were constantly in operation between the period's major religious groupings.
Download or read book Emperor Sigismund and the orthodox world written by Αικατερίνη Μήτσιου and published by Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sigismund of Luxembourg (1368-1437), king of Hungary, Roman German king and finally emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, is not only a prominent figure of the late Middle Ages in Catholic Western Europe; always close were also his contacts with the Orthodox World in Eastern and Southeastern Europe. These contacts did not only include his crusade against the Ottomans, which failed at Nicopolis in 1396, but continued until the end of his reign. Particularly intensive were of course his relations with the two Orthodox Danubian principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, and with the Orthodox Christians living within the Kingdom of Hungary in Transylvania in large numbers. The studies combined in this volume try to illuminate this aspect of the activity of Sigismund, his diplomatic, military and church-political efforts to achieve unity, both between Eastern and Western Church and within the Western Church, and to organise the defense against the Ottoman expansion. Some contributions also show that Sigismund's efforts arose the attention of his Byzantine contemporaries who mention him in various sources. Because of this interdisciplinary view from east to west and vice versa, the volume is of interest both for medieval studies directed at Western Europe as well as at Eastern Europe.
Download or read book World Monarchies and Dynasties written by John Middleton and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-06-01 with total page 1123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout history, royal dynasties have dominated countries and empires around the world. Kings, queens, emperors, chiefs, pharaohs, czars - whatever title they ruled by, monarchs have shaped institutions, rituals, and cultures in every time period and every corner of the globe. The concept of monarchy originated in prehistoric times and evolved over centuries right up to the present. Efforts to overthrow monarchies or evade their rule - such as the American, French, Chinese, and Russian revolutions - are considered turning points in world history. Even today, many countries retain their monarchies, although in vastly reduced form with little political power. One cannot understand human history and government without understanding monarchs and monarchies. This fully-illustrated encyclopedia provides the first complete survey of all the major rulers and ruling families of the world, past and present. No other reference work approaches the topic with the same sense of magnitude or connection to historical context. Arranged in A-Z format for ease of access, World Monarchies and Dynasties includes information on major monarchs and dynasties from ancient time to the present. This set: includes overviews of reigns and successions, genealogical charts, and dynastic timelines; addresses concepts, problems, and theories of monarchy; provides background and information for further research; highlights important places, structures, symbols, events, and legends related to particular monarchs and dynasties; includes a master bibliography and multiple indexes.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of World Biography written by and published by Gale. This book was released on 1998 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents brief biographical sketches which provide vital statistics as well as information on the importance of the person listed.
Download or read book Concise Encyclopaedia of World History written by Carlos Ramirez-Faria and published by Atlantic Publishers & Dist. This book was released on 2007 with total page 986 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Concise Encyclopedia Of World History Offers The Global Reading Public, Students, And Professors A Handy, Complete, And Accurate Guide To All Political Formations Since The Beginning Of History. It Reaches Into Pre-History Through The Inclusion Of The Important Families Of Languages Spoken Today. It Also Tracks Ethnic Groups, Especially Nomadic, Which Have Been Influential In The Creation Of Civilizations And States. The Entries On Existing Independent States Include Up-To-Date Political Facts And Statistics. They Mention Each Country S World Heritage Sites. To Complement The Individual Entries In This Encyclopedia, There Is An Extensive, Commentated World-Historical Chronology. A Special Feature In This Work Is The Inclusion Of Individual Political Chronologies For Ancient Civilizations And Important Countries And Regions The World Over. To Round Out This Easy-To-Consult And Thoroughly Researched Work, There Is A Cross-Referenced Index Especially Designed For Provinces, Cities, And Other Entities Which Have No Entries Of Their Own But Appear In The Entries, Sometimes Prominently, As, For Example, Abu Dhabi In The United Arab Emirates Or Amritsar In India.
Download or read book The World Almanac and Book of Facts written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 1032 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists news events, population figures, and miscellaneous data of an historic, economic, scientific and social nature.
Download or read book The World Almanac and Book of Facts 2004 written by William A. McGreverand and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1012 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: B & T Local 12-13-2003 $15.95.
Download or read book The World s History at a Glance from 800 B C to 1913 A D written by Edward Joseph O'Brien and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The World Almanac Book of Facts written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1026 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The World Almanac and Book of Facts 1999 written by Robert Famighetti and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1014 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An annually updated reference guide to a wide variety of facts and information about the United States and other countries around the world.
Download or read book Chronological Tables of the History of the Middle Ages written by and published by . This book was released on 1838 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The World Almanac and Book of Facts 1998 written by Robert Famighetti and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 982 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book includes the year in review, economy and business, computers, science and technology, noted personalities, sports, vital statistics, and more.
Download or read book The World Almanac and Book of Facts 2005 written by William A. McGeveran and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 1012 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All new for 2005, the bestselling almanac of all time is out with its most indispensable edition ever, featuring updated and expanded sections on noted personalities, sports, space, education, health, science, nations of the world, economy, awards, environment, consumer information, and more. Also included are interesting offbeat news stories, notable quotes from the past year, and a free monthly e-newsletter.
Download or read book The World Almanac and Book of Facts 2002 written by World Almanac and published by . This book was released on 2001-05 with total page 1016 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers comprehensive facts, figures, and explanations of the events, people, and places in the news, with original articles on recent issues and topics.
Download or read book The World Almanac and Book of Facts 1995 written by Robert Famighetti and published by . This book was released on 1994-11 with total page 964 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This #1 bestselling almanac provides a compact and affordable source of up-to-date, accurate, and useful information on thousands of topics. Millions of people are discovering that they need to purchase The World Almanac and Book of Facts each year to keep abreast of national and world events and to consult for information on an endless array of topics and issues. 32 pages of full-color photos, maps and flags.
Download or read book The World Almanac and Book of Facts 2001 written by William A. McGreverand and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 1012 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chosen by Library Journal as one of the five best reference books of the second millennium, The World Almanac remains an indispensable source for quick information on every subject imaginable Now entering its third century of publication, The World Almanac 2001 is as up to date as today's headlines, and it remains the world's most comprehensive and authoritative annual information source. Completely revised from first page to last, highlights for 2001 include: -- 2000 Election Coverage: Complete results and analysis of all major fall 2000 elections -- federal, state and local -- Summer Olympics: Comprehensive coverage of the 2000 summer games in Sydney, Australia -- 2000 Census: A look at what to expect from the 2000 census -- New Day-By-Day Features: More information on the Year in Review -- The Year in Pictures: A World Almanac exclusive, a 16-page full-color photo section with highlights of the most dramatic events of the year The World Almanac 2001 is also available in a special deluxe, large format hardcover edition.
