Download or read book Organic Crystals Germanates Semiconductors written by Norbert Karl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1.1 Preface Organic chemistry had its origin in chemicals which are synthesized by living cells. These chemicals consist of molecules whose skeletons are built up of carbon atoms. The remaining valences are connected with ligands such as hydrogen, halo gens, -OH,==O, -NH . Some of the skeletal carbon atoms can be replaced by non 2 metals such as oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur {"heteroatoms"}. It is characteristic for the living world, not to be in a crystalline state. However it is possible to obtain single crystals from many organic compounds both of natural and synthetic origin. For a number of years the physics and chem istry of these crystals have stimulated fundamental research on a rapidly growing scale. The great variety of possible organic structures {as compared to inorganics} opens up a large field of new materials and of novel material properties; for previous literature reviews and data compilations see 1-40) and Chap. 6. The art of producing good and pure organic single crystals has developed hand in-hand with the ever growing requirements of basic research, arising from its interest in fundamental interactions in the solid state. Interactions manifest themselves in a very detailed way by energy transfer.
Download or read book Handbook of Hydrothermal Technology written by K. Byrappa and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2012-12-31 with total page 796 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quartz, zeolites, gemstones, perovskite type oxides, ferrite, carbon allotropes, complex coordinated compounds and many more -- all products now being produced using hydrothermal technology. Handbook of Hydrothermal Technology brings together the latest techniques in this rapidly advancing field in one exceptionally useful, long-needed volume.The handbook provides a single source for understanding how aqueous solvents or mineralizers work under temperature and pressure to dissolve and recrystallize normally insoluble materials, and decompose or recycle any waste material. The result, as the authors show in the book, is technologically the most efficient method in crystal growth, materials processing, and waste treatment. The book gives scientists and technologists an overview of the entire subject including: À Evolution of the technology from geology to widespread industrial use. À Descriptions of equipment used in the process and how it works.À Problems involved with the growth of crystals, processing of technological materials, environmental and safety issues.À Analysis of the direction of today's technology. In addition, readers get a close look at the hydrothermal synthesis of zeolites, fluorides, sulfides, tungstates, and molybdates, as well as native elements and simple oxides. Delving into the commercial production of various types, the authors clarify the effects of temperature, pressure, solvents, and various other chemical components on the hydrothermal processes. - Gives an overview of the evolution of Hydrothermal Technology from geology to widespread industrial use - Describes the equipment used in the process and how it works - Discusses problems involved with the growth of crystals, processing of technological materials, and environmental and safety issues
Download or read book Subject Headings Used in the Catalogs of the United States Atomic Energy Commission written by and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Subject Headings Used by the USAEC Division of Technical Information written by U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Subject Headings Used in the Catalogs of the United States Atomic Energy Commission written by U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nanoporous Materials written by Qiang Xu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-01-04 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past two decades, the field of nanoporous materials has undergone significant developments. As these materials possess high specific surface areas, well-defined pore sizes, and functional sites, they show a great diversity of applications such as molecular adsorption/storage and separation, sensing, catalysis, energy storage and conversion, drug delivery, and more. Nanoporous Materials: Synthesis and Applications surveys the key developments in the synthesis of nanoporous materials in a broad range from soft porous materials—such as porous organic and metal-organic frameworks—to hard porous materials, such as porous metals and metal oxides, and the significant advances in their applications to date. Topics Include: Synthetic approaches, characterization techniques, and applications of a variety of meso- and microporous polymers and organic frameworks Advances in the synthetic control of structures along with the function exploration of this new class of organic porous materials Synthesis and applications of nanoporous metal-organic frameworks, mesoporous silica, and nanoporous glass Synthesis of mesoporous carbons by a soft- and hard-templating method and their applications for supercapacitors and membrane separations Fabrication of nanoporous semiconductor materials Structural modification and functional improvement of layered zeolites Germanates and related materials with open-frameworks
Download or read book Germanate Glasses written by Alfred Margaryan and published by Artech House Publishers. This book was released on 1993 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here's a coherent discussion of the structure, physical properties, and current applications of germanium oxide glasses including fabrication techniques in the form of fibers.
Download or read book Zeolites and Related Materials Trends Targets and Challenges SET written by Antoine Gedeon and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-08-19 with total page 1423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present book "Zeolites and Related Materials: Trends, Targets and Challenges" reports the communications that have been presented at the 4th International FEZA (Federation of European Zeolite Associations) Conference in Paris, September 3-6, 2008. It gives an excellent overview of the present state of the art of ordered nanoporous solids including zeolites as well as synthetic layered materials (clays), nanosized molecular sieves, ordered mesoporous solids, metal-organic-framework compounds (MOFs), carbons, etc. with emphasis on the synthesis, comprehensive characterization and advanced applications. The significant research activities in this domain are due to the outstanding properties of those nanoporous materials that concentrate the collaborative efforts of researchers from material science, chemistry, physical chemistry and physics. The understanding and development of the unique properties of porous materials relies on a unique blend of multidisciplinary knowledge covering material science, with the implication of organic and colloid chemistry, to prepare micro- and mesoporous materials; surface and adsorption sciences sustained by theory and modelling to understand the peculiar behaviour of molecules in confined systems; special branches of catalysis, physics, chemical engineering and life science to design novel applications. * This book summarizes the developments in the area of nanoporous solids at the dawn of the 21st century, useful for both students/young researchers entering the field of nanoporous materials, as well as for senior scientists * Also summarizes the new family of porous compounds, e.g. MOF's and ordered porous carbon * The present state-of-the-art and prospects of nanoporous solids for advanced applications is discussed
Download or read book Chemical Vapor Transport Reactions written by Michael Binnewies and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2012-08-31 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive handbook covers the diverse aspects of chemical vapor transport reactions from basic research to important practical applications. The book begins with an overview of models for chemical vapor transport reactions and then proceeds to treat the specific chemical transport reactions for the elements, halides, oxides, sulfides, selenides, tellurides, pnictides, among others. Aspects of transport from intermetallic phases, the stability of gas particles, thermodynamic data, modeling software and laboratory techniques are also covered. Selected experiments using chemical vapor transport reactions round out the work, making this book a useful reference for researchers and instructors in solid state and inorganic chemistry.
Download or read book Metal Ions in Biology and Medicine written by Maria Agnes Cser and published by John Libbey Eurotext. This book was released on 2004 with total page 718 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 8th International Congress on Metal Ions in Biology and Medicine, Budapest, Hungary 18 to 22 May 2004. Every two years, the world's leading specialists meet exchange information on the most recent advances in understanding metals and the part they play in treating some diseases. This book aims to help advance our knowledge of the role of metal ions in a number of fields in biology and medicine.
Download or read book From Zeolites to Porous MOF Materials the 40th Anniversary of International Zeolite Conference 2 Vol Set written by Ruren Xu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-07-12 with total page 2242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Proceedings of the 15th International Zeolite Conference contain 291 full papers, including the full papers of 5 plenary lecture, 12 keynote lectures, and 4 invited lectures at the R. M. Barrer Symposium. The topics of these full papers include synthesis, modifications, structures, characterization, adsorption, separation and diffusion, catalysis, host-guest chemistry and advanced materials, industrial applications, theory and modeling, mesostructured materials, MOF materials, and natural zeolites. The other 271 full papers were selected from the about 1000 contributions submitted to the 15th IZC.- Most recent research results in zeolite science- Full indexes- Wide coverage of zeolite science and technology
Download or read book Bibliography written by Pierre Villars and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2012-12-21 with total page 1827 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By browsing about 10 000 000 scientific articles of over 200 major journals mainly in a 'cover to cover approach' some 200 000 publications were selected. The extracted data is part of the following fundamental material research fields: crystal structures (S), phase diagrams (also called constitution) (C) and the comprehensive field of intrinsic physical properties (P). This work has been done systematically starting with the literature going back to 1900. The above mentioned research field codes (S, C, P) as well as the chemical systems investigated in each publication were included in the present work. The aim of the Inorganic Substances Bibliography is to provide researchers with a comprehensive compilation of all up to now published scientific publications on inorganic systems in only three handy volumes.
Download or read book Silicate Structures and dispersion system written by Wilhelm Eitel and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 838 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicate Science, Volume VI: Silicate Structures and Dispersoid Systems reviews the advances made in silicate research from 1960 through 1970, with emphasis on X-ray diffraction methods, their theory, and the refinements of special silicate structures, particularly of natural silicate minerals or of synthetic products. The Zolati systematics of silicate crystal structures are used in this treatise, along with the principle of a systematics after the "sharing coefficients." Comprised of three sections, this volume begins with an overview of the progress made in infrared and Raman spectroscopy as well as the Mössbauer nuclear paramagnetic resonance method. Advances in experimental techniques applicable to crystal structure problems and crystal chemistry are highlighted, together with research in isomorphism, isotypism, polymorphism, and the epitaxis phenomena. The next section deals with clay minerals and considers the refined physical-chemical methods used for their identification, chiefly by infrared spectroscopy. Structures, adsorption, and base exchange reactions of clay minerals with inorganic and organic compounds are analyzed. The final section is devoted to silica and silicate dispersoid systems and the many advances made in electron microscopy, especially in the Castaing electron microprobe method. This book will be of interest to mineralogists, chemists, and crystallographers.
Download or read book NASA Thesaurus written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 882 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Crystallization Processes under Hydrothermal Conditions written by A. N. Lobachev and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection conta ins the results of a number of investiga tions which have been carried out in the Hydrothermal Synthesis Laboratory of the Institute of Crystallography, Academy of Sciences of the USSR; it constitutes a continuation of an earlier collection which appeared in 1968: Hydrothermal Synthesis of Crystals. Problems associated with the synthesis of oxides, simple and complex sulfides, carbonates, silicates, and germanates are consid ered, and a great deal of factual material relating to the growth of single crystals of some of these compounds on a seed is presented. Some of the articles pay special attention to the kinetic asp ect of the growth of crystals; the conditions of growth are relat ed to the morphological characteristics of the growing faces, and the relationship between the habit of the crystals and the oomposi tion and constitution of the solutions is considered. A fair number of articles are concerned with the crystalliza tion of new compounds, most of which have now been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions for the very first time; these in clude ternary chalcohalides of composition AVBvIVVII. zirconates, lithium silicates, and germanates. The collection also contains a description of the apparatus used for precision measurements at high temperatures and pres sures. We hope that this publication will present a better idea of the special characteristics of the hydrothermal method of synthes izing and .growing crystals, and will prove useful to all those in terested in this field of knowledge.
Download or read book Rost Kristallov Growth of Crystals written by N. N. Sheftal' and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For 50 years the Fedorov Institute of Crystallography, Mineralogy, and Petrography at Leningrad Mining Institute has held annual memorial meetings for E. S. Fedorov. Immediate ly after the jubilee meeting (May 21-24, 1969), the Fedorov All-Union Symposium on Crystal Growth was held, and the proceedings of that symposium constitute Volume 9 of Growth of Crystals. The symposium surveyed the advances made in the USSR in those aspects of growth con cerned mainly with morphology and structure in natural crystals or closely related artificial ones, work which confirmed their relation to E. S. Fedorov and to mineralogical crystallogra phy. Crystallography is one of the older branches of natural science but has recently under gone a striking rejuvenation on account of new methods and new concepts. Photogoniometric methods have been developed in goniometry, while crystal optics has found new lines of ad vance in electrooptics and techniques in the ultraviolet and far infrared regions. Morphologic studies now use a vast range of techniques, from the hand lens to the electron microscope or cinemicrography. X-ray analysis is steadily becoming more automatic, and fast computers are used with accelerated methods of structure interpretation. Crystal growth is one of the younger divisions of crystallography; previously t it had been of interest only in experimental mineralogy, but now it is an important branch of science and technology with close relations to industry.
