Download or read book German Reparations 1919 1932 written by L. Gomes and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-04-14 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a historical narrative to tell the story of interwar German reparations - the debates, controversies and diplomacy surrounding the issue from the 1919 Paris peace conference to the abandonment of reparations at the Lausanne Conference in 1932.

Download or read book Gold France and the Great Depression 1919 1932 written by H. Clark Johnson and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: H. Clark Johnson develops a convincing and original narrative of the events that led to the major economic catastrophe of the twentieth century. He identifies the undervaluation and consequent shortage of world gold reserves after World War I as the underlying cause of a sustained international price deflation that brought the Great Depression. And, he argues, the reserve-hoarding policies of central banks--particularly the Bank of France--were its proximate cause. The book presents a detailed history of the events that culminated in the depression, highlighting the role of specific economic incidents, national decisions, and individuals. Johnson’s analysis of how French domestic politics, diplomacy, economic ideology, and monetary policy contributed to the international deflation is new in the literature. He reaches provocative conclusions about the functioning of the pre-1914 gold standard, the spectacular postwar movement of gold to India, the return of sterling to prewar parity in 1925, the German reparations controversy, the stock market crash of 1929, the Smoot-Hawley tariff of 1930, the central European banking crisis of 1931, and the end of sterling convertibility in 1931. The book also provides a nuanced picture of Keynes during the years before his General Theory and deals at length with the history of economic thought in order to explain the failure of recent scholarship to adequately account for the Great Depression.

Download or read book German Foreign Policy 1918 1945 written by Christoph M. Kimmich and published by Scarecrow Press. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Christoph Kimmich’s German Foreign Policy, 1918-1945: A Guide to Current Research and Resources is the most comprehensive guide to archival resources and published materials on the foreign policy of Weimar and Nazi Germany. It lists the archives, libraries, and research institutes, public and private, that hold important collections. While Kimmich’s survey emphasizes archives in Germany, it also covers archives in Europe and in the United States, describing their holdings, terms of access and use, and the guides and inventories available. German Foreign Policy, 1918-1945 also includes a substantial bibliography of published sources, from documentary series to significant contemporary accounts, from the memoir literature to secondary works, with annotations appearing for the more important and the more obscure. This select bibliography concentrates only on works that are serious, innovative, and accessible. It describes the various series of the Nuremberg War Crimes Trial Records and the original trial documents available in archives and libraries. Particular attention is given to the vast and ever increasing availability of materials on the Web, ranging from digitized print materials to archival inventories and source materials. Moreover, in order to facilitate work in the archives, the guide explains the organization and functioning of the German foreign ministry between 1918 and 1945 and notes how it kept and stored its records. This third edition differs from its predecessor by offering new and critical information on German archives that have since been consolidated and relocated after German reunification, on archival sources of hitherto unknown provenance, and on materials available on the Web. It is a reference source for both the established scholar and the novice planning research and a guide for their visits to archives and libraries, enabling them to find their way quickly and efficiently through the voluminous research and research materials that have come to light in recent years.

Download or read book Paris 1919 written by Margaret MacMillan and published by Random House. This book was released on 2007-12-18 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A landmark work of narrative history, Paris 1919 is the first full-scale treatment of the Peace Conference in more than twenty-five years. It offers a scintillating view of those dramatic and fateful days when much of the modern world was sketched out, when countries were created—Iraq, Yugoslavia, Israel—whose troubles haunt us still. Winner of the Samuel Johnson Prize • Winner of the PEN Hessell Tiltman Prize • Winner of the Duff Cooper Prize Between January and July 1919, after “the war to end all wars,” men and women from around the world converged on Paris to shape the peace. Center stage, for the first time in history, was an American president, Woodrow Wilson, who with his Fourteen Points seemed to promise to so many people the fulfillment of their dreams. Stern, intransigent, impatient when it came to security concerns and wildly idealistic in his dream of a League of Nations that would resolve all future conflict peacefully, Wilson is only one of the larger-than-life characters who fill the pages of this extraordinary book. David Lloyd George, the gregarious and wily British prime minister, brought Winston Churchill and John Maynard Keynes. Lawrence of Arabia joined the Arab delegation. Ho Chi Minh, a kitchen assistant at the Ritz, submitted a petition for an independent Vietnam. For six months, Paris was effectively the center of the world as the peacemakers carved up bankrupt empires and created new countries. This book brings to life the personalities, ideals, and prejudices of the men who shaped the settlement. They pushed Russia to the sidelines, alienated China, and dismissed the Arabs. They struggled with the problems of Kosovo, of the Kurds, and of a homeland for the Jews. The peacemakers, so it has been said, failed dismally; above all they failed to prevent another war. Margaret MacMillan argues that they have unfairly been made the scapegoats for the mistakes of those who came later. She refutes received ideas about the path from Versailles to World War II and debunks the widely accepted notion that reparations imposed on the Germans were in large part responsible for the Second World War. Praise for Paris 1919 “It’s easy to get into a war, but ending it is a more arduous matter. It was never more so than in 1919, at the Paris Conference. . . . This is an enthralling book: detailed, fair, unfailingly lively. Professor MacMillan has that essential quality of the historian, a narrative gift.” —Allan Massie, The Daily Telegraph (London)

Download or read book The Lights that Failed written by Zara S. Steiner and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 955 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In 'The Lights that Failed', Steiner challenges the assumption that the Treaty of Versailles led to the opening of a second European war and provides an analysis of the attempts to reconstruct Europe during the 1920s"-OCLC

Download or read book J P Morgan Co and the Crisis of Capitalism written by Martin Horn and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-03-03 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines how J.P. Morgan, then the world's leading bank, responded to the greatest crisis in the history of financial capitalism.

Download or read book The Downfall of Money written by Frederick Taylor and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2015-03-03 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Excellent . . . Mr. Taylor tells the history of the Weimar inflation as the life-and-death struggle of the first German democracy . . . This is a dramatic story, well told." --The Wall Street Journal

Download or read book The Foreign Office Commerce and British Foreign Policy in the Twentieth Century written by John Fisher and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-16 with total page 599 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the interface of the British Foreign Office, foreign policy and commerce in the twentieth century. Two related questions are considered: what did the Foreign Office do to support British commerce, and how did commerce influence British foreign policy? The editors of this work collect a range of case studies that explore the attitude of the Foreign Office towards commerce and trade promotion, against the backdrop of a century of relative economic decline, while also considering the role of British diplomats in creating markets and supporting UK firms. This highly researched and detailed examination is designed for readers aiming to comprehend the role that commerce played in Britain’s foreign relations, in a century when trade and commerce have become an inseparable element in foreign and security policies.

Download or read book The League of Nations written by Ruth Henig and published by Haus Publishing. This book was released on 2010-04-01 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ninety years ago, the League of Nations convened for the first time, hoping to create a safeguard against destructive, world-wide war by settling disputes through diplomacy. This book looks at how the League was conceptualized and explores the multifaceted body that emerged. This new form for diplomacy was used in ensuing years to counter territorial ambitions and restrict armaments, as well as to discuss human rights and refugee issues. The League’s failure to prevent World War II, however, would lead to its dissolution and the subsequent creation of the United Nations. As we face new forms of global crisis, this timely book asks if the UN’s fate could be ascertained by reading the history of its predecessor.

Download or read book The New Era of the 1920s written by James S. Olson and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2017-10-12 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This invaluable resource covers all aspects of 1920s political, artistic, popular, and economic culture in America, supporting the AP U.S. history curriculum through topical and biographical entries, primary documents, sample documents-based essay questions, and period-specific learning objectives. The 1920s, despite President Harding's "return to normalcy," were a time of both great cultural and social advancement as well as various forms of oppression in the United States. Bookended in history by two world wars, this period saw the rise of tabloid journalism and mass media; the banning and reinstatement of alcohol; the advent of voting rights for women and Native Americans; movements such as the Red Scare, labor strikes, the Harlem Renaissance, and racial protests; and the global reorganization that occurred as the major powers fumbled their way through postwar foreign policy and the League of Nations. Almost no element of U.S. society was untouched. The New Era of the 1920s: Key Themes and Documents provides high school students taking the Advanced Placement (AP) U.S. history course and undergraduates taking a lower level American history survey course with an invaluable study guide and targeted test preparation material. Much more than just an AP test-taking study guide, this new title in ABC-CLIO's Unlocking American History series is a true reference source for the societal, political, and economic history of a specific period covered in the AP U.S. history course. Readers will also benefit from features designed for student exam preparation, such as a sample documents-based essay question and period-specific learning objectives that are in alignment with the 2014 AP U.S. History Curriculum Framework.

Download or read book The Making of a World Order written by Albert Wu and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-09-14 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why does 1919 deserve further study and debate a hundred years later? What lessons for global history may we learn from the world order created at the end of the Great War? Drawing insight from the global turn of the past several decades that has forced us to reconsider the most important world events and processes since the French Revolution and especially the growing interest in World War I as a global conflict that extended far beyond the borders of Europe, this volume explores the global political ramifications of the treaties prepared at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 by focusing on key topics: how the Paris Peace Conference re-shaped the geo-political configurations of the Middle East, the importance of transformations in Asia and particularly China in the immediate postwar period, the shifts in Southeastern Europe, new feminist movements in Central Europe, and the pre-history of neoliberalism. Read together, the papers demonstrate how the peace treaties signed in 1919 and 1920 marked a profound transformation on local, national, continental, and global scales.

Download or read book The Routledge Atlas of the First World War written by Martin Gilbert and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-09-12 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From its origins to its terrible legacy, the tortuous course of the Great War is vividly set out in a series of 196 fascinating maps. Together the maps form a comprehensive and compelling picture of the war that shattered Europe, and illustrate its military, social, political and economic aspects. Beginning with the tensions that already existed, the atlas covers: The early months of the war – from the German attack on Belgium and France, to the fierce fighting on the Western and Eastern Fronts The developing war in Europe and beyond – from the Somme and Verdun to Gallipoli and Mesopotamia, in the Near East and Africa, and in the Pacific The war at sea and in the air – from the Zeppelin and air raids to the naval battles, shipping losses and Atlantic convoys Life at the front – the trench system, living underground, the mud of Passchendaele, the French and Russian mutinies Technology and the intensifying war – from phosgene gas to submarines, tanks and aerial bombardment The home front – war supplies, munitions factories, the air defence of Britain, German food riots, the entry of the United States into the war, the Russian Revolution, and the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian and the Ottoman Empires The aftermath – the peace treaties and territorial changes, war debts, war deaths, and the new map of Europe along with the visual remembrance of the war, memorials that commemorate the tragedy. This new edition now includes an additional 23 of Martin Gilbert’s maps, across the whole period of the war, originally published across a range of publications, now gathered in this one volume for the first time.

Download or read book The Versailles Settlement written by Alan Sharp and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2018-04-06 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third edition of this acclaimed textbook on peace-making after the First World War advances that the responsibility for the outbreak of a new, even more ruinous, war in 1939 cannot be ascribed entirely to the planet's most powerful men and their meeting in Paris in January 1919 to reassemble a shattered world. Giving a concise overview of the problems and pressures these key figures were facing, Alan Sharp provides a coherent introduction to a highly complex and multi-dimensional topic. This is an ideal resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students taking modules on the Versailles Settlement, European and International History, Modern History, Interwar Europe, The Great War, 20th Century Europe, German History, or Diplomatic History, on either history courses or international relations/politics courses.

Download or read book The Weimar Republic Sourcebook written by Anton Kaes and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2023-11-10 with total page 830 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A laboratory for competing visions of modernity, the Weimar Republic (1918-1933) continues to haunt the imagination of the twentieth century. Its political and cultural lessons retain uncanny relevance for all who seek to understand the tensions and possibilities of our age. The Weimar Republic Sourcebook represents the most comprehensive documentation of Weimar culture, history, and politics assembled in any language. It invites a wide community of readers to discover the richness and complexity of the turbulent years in Germany before Hitler's rise to power. Drawing from such primary sources as magazines, newspapers, manifestoes, and official documents (many unknown even to specialists and most never before available in English), this book challenges the traditional boundaries between politics, culture, and social life. Its thirty chapters explore Germany's complex relationship to democracy, ideologies of "reactionary modernism," the rise of the "New Woman," Bauhaus architecture, the impact of mass media, the literary life, the tradition of cabaret and urban entertainment, and the situation of Jews, intellectuals, and workers before and during the emergence of fascism. While devoting much attention to the Republic's varied artistic and intellectual achievements (the Frankfurt School, political theater, twelve-tone music, cultural criticism, photomontage, and urban planning), the book is unique for its inclusion of many lesser-known materials on popular culture, consumerism, body culture, drugs, criminality, and sexuality; it also contains a timetable of major political events, an extensive bibliography, and capsule biographies. This will be a major resource and reference work for students and scholars in history; art; architecture; literature; social and political thought; and cultural, film, German, and women's studies.

Download or read book Seeking Accountability for the Unlawful Use of Force written by Leila Nadya Sadat and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-31 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the conclusion of the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg that aggression is the 'supreme international crime', armed conflict remains a frequent and ubiquitous feature of international life, leaving millions of victims in its wake. This collection of original chapters by leading and emerging scholars from all around the world evaluates historic and current examples of the use of force and the context of crimes of aggression. As we approach the 75th anniversary of the Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal, Seeking Accountability for the Unlawful Use of Force examines the many systems and accountability frameworks which have developed since the Second World War. By suggesting new avenues for enhancing accountability structures already in place as well as proposing new frameworks needed, this volume will begin a movement to establish the mechanisms needed to charge those responsible for the unlawful use of force.

Download or read book The Downfall of Money written by Fred Taylor and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2013-01-01 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many theorists believed a hundred years ago, just as they did at the beginning of our twenty-first century, that the world had reached a state of economic perfection, a never before seen condition of beneficial human interdependence that would lead to universal growth and prosperity. And yet the early years of the Weimar Republic in Germany witnessed the most complete and terrifying unravelling of a major country's financial system to have occurred in modern times.The story of the Weimar Republic's financial crisis has a clear resonance in the second decade of the twenty-first century, when the world is anxious once more about what money is, what it means and how we can judge if its value is true. The Downfall of Money will tell anew the dramatic story of the hyperinflation that saw the once-solid German mark, worth 4.2 to the dollar in 1914, trading at over four trillion by the autumn of 1923. It is a trajectory of events uncomfortably relevant for today's uncertain world.The Downfall of Money will reveal the real causes of the crisis, what this collapse meant to ordinary people, and also trace its connection to Germany's subsequent catastrophic political history. By drawing on a wide range of sources and making sense for the general reader of the vast amount of specialist research that has become available in recent decades, it will provide a timely, fresh and surprising look at this chilling period in history.

Download or read book London Naval Conference written by United States. Department of State and published by . This book was released on 1930 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: